WORLD REPOR T|2018

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

WORLD REPORT | 2018

EVENTS OF 2017

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

WORLD REPORT

2018

EVENTS OF 2017

Copyright ? 2017 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN-13: 978-1-60980-814-3 Cover photo: Abdul Kareem, a Rohingya Muslim, carries his mother, Alima Khatoon, to a refugee camp after crossing from Burma into Bangladesh on Sept. 16, 2017. ? 2017 Dar Yasin/AP Cover and book design by Rafael Jim?nez



Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide.

We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice.

Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all.

Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of its Europe and Central Asia division (then known as Helsinki Watch). Today it also includes divisions covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and the United States. There are thematic divisions or programs on arms; business and human rights; children's rights; disability rights; the environment and human rights; health and human rights; international justice; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights; refugees; terrorism and counterterrorism; women's rights; and emergencies.

The organization maintains offices in Amman, Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Bishkek, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, Kiev, Kigali, Kinshasa, London, Los Angeles, Miami, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, S?o Paulo, Seoul, Silicon Valley, Stockholm, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich, and field presences in more than 40 other locations globally.

Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide. It accepts no government funds, directly or indirectly.

The leadership includes Kenneth Roth, Executive Director; Michele Alexander, Deputy Executive Director, Development and Global Initiatives; Iain Levine, Deputy Executive Director, Program; Nic Dawes, Deputy Executive Director, Media; Bruno Stagno Ugarte, Deputy Executive Director, Advocacy; and Chuck Lustig, Deputy Executive Director, Operations.

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

The staff includes Kenneth Roth, Executive Director; Michele Alexander, Deputy Executive Director, Development and Global Initiatives; Nic Dawes, Deputy Executive Director, Media; Iain Levine, Deputy Executive Director, Program; Chuck Lustig, Deputy Executive Director, Operations; Bruno Stagno Ugarte, Deputy Executive Director, Advocacy; Chris Albin-Lackey, Senior Legal Advisor; Walid Ayoub, Information Technology Director; Pierre Bairin, Media Director; Clive Baldwin, Senior Legal Advisor; Liba Beyer, Director, Global Campaigns; Laura Boardman, Managing Director, Development and Global Initiatives; Philippe Bolopion, Deputy Director for Global Advocacy; Grace Choi, Director, Publications and Information Design; Matthew Collins-Gibson, Managing Director, Leadership Gifts; Emma Daly, Communications Director; Alan Feldstein, Associate General Counsel; Barbara Pirto, Director of Finance; Jasmine Herlt, Managing Director, Development and Global Initiatives; Kristine Jensen, Senior Director, Foundations and Program Liaison; Miriam Mahlow, Managing Director, Development and Global Initiatives; Veronica Matushaj, Director, Documentary Video and Photography; Stephen Northfield, Digital Director; Babatunde Olugboji, Deputy Program Director; Dinah PoKempner, General Counsel; Tom Porteous, Deputy Program Director; Aisling Reidy, Senior Legal Advisor; James Ross, Legal and Policy Director; Joseph Saunders, Deputy Program Director; Frances Sinha, Global Human Resources Director; and Minky Worden, Director of Global Initiatives.

Division directors of Human Rights Watch are Brad Adams, Asia; John Biaggi, International Film Festival; Peter Bouckaert, Emergencies; Richard Dicker, International Justice; Bill Frelick, Refugees; Arvind Ganesan, Business and Human Rights; Liesl Gerntholtz, Women's Rights; Steve Goose, Arms; Nadim Houry, Terrorism and Counterterrorism; Diederik Lohman, Health and Human Rights; Zama Neff, Children's Rights; Marcos Orellana, Environment and Human Rights; Alison Parker, United States; Shantha Rau Barriga, Disability Rights; Graeme Reid, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights; Mausi Segun, Africa; Jos? Miguel Vivanco, Americas; Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East and North Africa; and Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia.

Advocacy directors of Human Rights Watch are Maria Laura Canineu, Brazil; Louis Charbonneau, United Nations?New York; Farida Deif, Canada; Kanae Doi, Japan; John Fisher, United Nations?Geneva; Meenakshi Ganguly, South Asia; B?n?dicte Jeannerod, Paris; Lotte Leicht, European Union; Sarah Margon, Washington DC; David Mepham, UK; Wenzel Michalski, Berlin; M?ns Molander, Stockholm; and Elaine Pearson, Australia.

Board of Directors members are Hassan Elmasry, Co-Chair; Robert Kissane, Co-Chair; Michael G. Fisch, Vice Chair and Treasurer; Oki Matsumoto, Vice Chair; Amy Rao, Vice Chair; Amy Towers, Vice Chair; Catherine Zennstr?m, Vice Chair; Bruce Rabb, Secretary; Karen Herskovitz Ackman; Akwasi Aidoo; Jorge Casta?eda; George Coelho; Natasha Dolby; Lawton Fitt; Leslie Gilbert-Lurie; Paul Gray; Caitlin Heising; Betsy Karel; David Lakhdhir; Kimberly Marteau Emerson; Alicia Mi?ana; Joan R. Platt, Neil Rimer; Shelley Rubin; Ambassador Robin Sanders; Jean-Louis Servan-Schreiber; Sidney Sheinberg; Bruce Simpson; Joseph Skrzynski AO; Donna Slaight; Siri Stolt-Nielsen; Darian W. Swig; Makoto Takano; and Marie Warburg.

Emeritus Board Members are Joel Motley, Chair, 2013-2016; James F. Hoge, Jr., Chair, 2010-2013; Jane Olson, Chair 2004-2010; Jonathan F. Fanton, Chair, 1998-2003; Robert L. Bernstein, Founding Chair, 1979-1997; Lisa Anderson; David M. Brown; William D. Carmichael; Michael E. Gellert; Vartan Gregorian; Alice H. Henkin; Stephen L. Kass; Wendy Keys; Bruce Klatsky; Joanne Leedom-Ackerman; Josh Mailman; Susan Manilow; Samuel K. Murumba; Peter Osnos; Kathleen Peratis; Marina Pinto Kaufman; Sigrid Rausing; Victoria Riskin; Orville Schell; Gary Sick; Malcolm B. Smith; and John J. Studzinski.

WORLD REPORT 2018

Table of Contents

Foreword

VIII

The Pushback Against the Populist Challenge

1

by Kenneth Roth

COUNTRIES

15

Afghanistan ...................................................................................................17 Algeria ..........................................................................................................23 Angola ..........................................................................................................29 Argentina ......................................................................................................34 Armenia ........................................................................................................41 Australia .......................................................................................................48 Azerbaijan.....................................................................................................54 Bahrain.........................................................................................................60 Bangladesh...................................................................................................65 Belarus .........................................................................................................72 Bolivia ..........................................................................................................77 Bosnia and Herzegovina ................................................................................83 Brazil ............................................................................................................88 Burma ..........................................................................................................98 Burundi .......................................................................................................107 Cambodia ....................................................................................................113 Canada ........................................................................................................118 Central African Republic ...............................................................................125 Chile ...........................................................................................................132 China...........................................................................................................137 Colombia .....................................................................................................152

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