Introduction to Quantitative Finance - UB
Introduction to Quantitative Finance
Jos?e Manuel Corcuera
2
J.M. Corcuera
Contents
1 Financial Derivatives
3
1.1 Discrete time models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.1 Strategies of investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.2 Admissible strategies and arbitrage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.3 Martingales and opportunities of arbitrage . . . . . . . . . 9
1.1.4 Complete markets and option pricing . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.1.5 American options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.1.6 The optimal stopping problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.1.7 Application to American options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.2 Continuous-time models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.2.1 Continuous-time Martingales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.2.2 Stochastic Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.2.3 It^o's Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.2.4 The Girsanov theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
1.2.5 The Black-Scholes model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
1.2.6 Multidimensional Black-Scholes model with continuous div-
idends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
1.2.7 Currency options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
1.2.8 Stochastic volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
1.2.9 Fourier methods for pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2 Interest rates models
69
2.1 Basic facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.1.1 The yield curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.1.2 Yield curve for a random future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.1.3 Interest rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.1.4 Bonds with coupons, swaps, caps and floors . . . . . . . . 73
2.2 A general framework for short rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 2.3 Options on bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 2.4 Short rate models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
2.4.1 Inversion of the yield curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2.4.2 Affine term structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2.4.3 The Vasicek model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3
4
CONTENTS
2.4.4 The Ho-Lee model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 2.4.5 The CIR model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 2.4.6 The Hull-White model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 2.5 Forward rate models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 2.5.1 The Musiela equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 2.6 Change of numeraire. The forward measure . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2.7 Market models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 2.7.1 A market model for Swaptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 2.7.2 A LIBOR market model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 2.7.3 A market model for caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 2.8 Miscelanea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 2.8.1 Forwards and Futures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 2.8.2 Stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
CONTENTS
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