S100: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY



SOCL 100: INTRODUCTORY SOCIOLOGY

Dr. Musalia

REVIEW SHEET FOR EXAM 2

1. The exam will have not more than (50) questions comprised of a combination of multiple choice and True/False type questions.

2. The exam will consist of questions drawn from class lectures and all assigned readings.

3. There are basically three types of questions. The questions will test your knowledge skills, definitional skills, and conceptual skills. The definition questions require simple recall of the definition of a term used in the readings or lectures. The knowledge questions are factual items that test your knowledge of the readings or lecture material. The conceptual questions test your ability to apply information learned from the readings/lecture.

Some important terms and concepts

You want to ensure that you familiarize yourself with all the key concepts that we’ve covered so far from class discussion and the Shepard text. Make sure you also read and familiarize yourselves with all the assigned readings from Cargan and Ballantine (Sociological Footprints). In your review, put emphasis (but DO NOT limit yourselves) to the following:

Research methodology (Shepard ch.2 and Cargan and Ballantine article 3); Distinguish between non-scientific sources of knowledge and science as a source of knowledge; different types of methods i.e. survey, experiment, secondary analysis (precollected data), field methods (case study, participant observation) different types of variables (Independent, dependent, intervening); Make sure you understand what causation is and the criteria used to establish causation; Ethnomethodology; Ethics in social research; Validity, reliability, replication.

Socialization (Shepard ch.4); What is socialization? The importance of socialization; Theories of socialization – sociological theories (functionalism, conflict and symbolic interactionism (Mead, Cooley)), psychoanalytic and cognitive theories (Freudian theory and Jean Piaget); Agents of Socialization e.g. family, education, peers, media etc.; Total institutions, desocialization, resocialization, anticipatory socialization.

Groups and Organizations (Shepard, ch.6); Different types of groups –categories, aggregates, groups, primary and secondary groups, reference groups; In-groups vs. out-groups; Dyads, triads and social networks, how important are social networks? Know what groupthink is and its manifestation; Types of organizations including an understanding of bureaucracy; Gender, racial, ethnic and class issues in organizations.

Social stratification (Shepard, ch.8 and Cargan and Ballantine article 25); Difference between social stratification and social class; Be familiar with the works of Karl Marx and Max Weber; theories of stratification – functionalism, Conflict, symbolic interactionist; Class system- different classes, caste system; Poverty in the U.S. (including absolute, relative poverty and feminization of poverty); Combating poverty; Types of social mobility.

Videos on “The Secrets of the Wild Child”, "Quaker Foods", "The Untouchables".

Practice Questions

1. In a research study, the variable which causes a change in another variable is called a(n):

a. spurious correlation.

b. dependent variable.

c. independent variable.

d. negative variable.

2. According to what we have so far learned, which of the following is true about social

stratification?

a. Social stratification is a characteristic of society.

b. Social stratification is universal and invariant.

c. There is little persistence of social positions across generations.

d. Social stratification is supported by economics, not by patterns of belief.

3. According to Shepards text, the upward or downward social mobility of children in relation to their parents is referred to as:

a. intergenerational social mobility.

b. intragenerational social mobility

c. lateral social mobility

d. hierarchical social mobility

4. What is the term for the upward or downward social mobility of children in relation to their parents?

a. intragenerational social mobility

b. intergenerational social mobility

c. upward social mobility

d. downward social mobility

5. In the U.S., what age group is most heavily burdened by poverty?

a. children

b. people in early adulthood

c. middle-aged persons

d. senior citizens

6. Which of the following shows a "group-think" dynamic?

a. A group shares information widely and makes an excellent community policy recommendation.

b. A group leader makes a decision without consulting anyone, and the decision is a bad one.

c. A group seeks consensus, not opinion differences, and as a result makes a poor policy recommendation.

d. A group seeks opinion differences, and as a result makes a poor policy recommendation.

True or False Questions

1. When two variables are shown to be related, a “cause-and-effect” relationship

Definitely exists

a. True b. False

2. Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, and George Herbert Mead all believed that early childhood is crucial to the process of the development of the self.

a. True b. False

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