White station history
US HistoryChapter 3 Lessons 1 & 2 – Guided ReadingDue: Tuesday, 10/18QUIZ – TUESDAY, 10/18Task 1: Read Chapter 3 Lessons 1 & 2 and complete the following vocabulary statements. Lesson 11.By the late 1800s, the __________________ was the world’s leading industrial nation. Its ______________________________________ (GNP) – the total value of all goods and services that a country produces during a year – was growing faster than it ever had before. 2. In the late 1800s, people began using a new resource: _____________________. This was in high demand even before the automotive age because it could be turned into kerosene. The American _____________ industry was built on the demand for kerosene, a fuel used in lanterns and stoves. 3. Between 1870 and 1910, more than 17 million _________________________ arrived in the United States, adding to the growing workforce that spurred industrial growth. 4. The leading pioneer in new technology was _________________________________, who had a research laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey. He is credited with many inventions, such as the _________________________, the electric generator, and the ________________________. 5. Engineer and industrialist _________________________ invented the air-brake system for railroads, and an alternating current (AC) system to distribute electricity, while founding Westinghouse Electric Company. 6. _______________________________ economics helped the country industrialize. Supporters of _________________ ____________ economics believe that government should not interfere in the economy other than to protect property rights and maintain peace. They believe that government regulation of the economy ____________ costs and eventually __________________ society more than it helps. 7. An economic system with little or no government regulation is known as a ______________________________ system. 8. Laissez-Faire relies on _____________________ and _____________________ to regulate wages and prices. Supporters believe that _________________________ promotes efficiency and wealth. These supporters advocate low __________________ and limited government ____________ to ensure that individuals make most of the decisions about spending the nation’s wealth. 9. The prospect of making money in manufacturing and transportation attracted _____________________________, people who risk their capital to organize and run businesses. Lesson 2 1.The railroad boom began in 1862 with the ____________________________ Act. This act gave two corporations – the ___________________________ and _____________________________ permission to build a transcontinental railroad. 2. The _________________________________________ railroad was the first of many lines that began crisscrossing the nation after the Civil War. Railroad companies stimulated the economy by spending huge amounts of money on ______________, ________________, ________________, and other materials. 3. The railroads even unified the nation’s _______________________. The American Railway Association divided the country into ________________ time zones in 1883. 4. Because it was difficult for private investors to raise the money needed to build railroads, the federal government gave _________________________________ to many railroad companies, which sold the land to raise money for construction. In time, the great wealth accumulated by many railroad entrepreneurs, such as _____________________ _____________ and _____________________, led to accusations of swindling investors and bribing officials. 5. Corruption in the railroad industry became public in 1872 with the ______________________________ scandal. _____________________________________ was a construction company set up by several stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad, which led to corruption and bribery by many of the people involved. 6. Not all railroad men were ____________________________, a term used to describe industrialists who grew wealthy unethically. James J. Hill built and operated the _____________________________________________, without any federal land grants or subsidies. The _____________________________________ became the most successful transcontinental railroad and one of the few railroads of the time that was not eventually forced into bankruptcy. Task 2: Read Chapter 3 Lessons 1 & 2 and respond to the following guided reading questions. You should answer on this paper. 1.After the First Industrial Revolution reached the US in the early 1800s, most Americans still lived on farms when the Civil War began in 1861. How did the onset of the Second Industrial Revolution change the way in which Americans lived? How was the Second Industrial Revolution different from the First? 2. How did an abundance of natural resources factor into the growth of American industry? What were some of the most important natural resources for industrial growth? (Why?)3. In what ways did the US population change from 1860 to 1910? How did this growth in population help in growing US industry? 4. Answer the Geography Connection questions on page 93. [(1) Places and Regions, & (2) Human Systems]5. In what ways were inventions and technology important to industrialization? Identify 5 different inventors (p.94) and describe their inventions/innovations. 6. What are the basic ideas behind laissez-faire economics? 7. How did laissez-faire economics encourage businesses to industrialize? 8. How did northern and southern entrepreneurs differ in their approaches to tariffs? Lesson 2: 1.How did the transcontinental railroad transform the West? How might it have changed daily American life? 2. How did the growth of railroads stimulate economic and industrial growth in the US? 3. Why did the government give land grants to railroad companies? 4. How did government grants to build railroads result in large-scale corruption? Describe the corruption of the Credit Mobilier scandal. 5. What problem did establishing time zones solve? (How many time zones are there in the continental US? Name them…)6. Answer the Political Cartoons questions on page 99. (“Jay Gould: Robber Baron”)1)What does the political cartoon suggest about attitudes toward Jay Gould? 2) What is a likely outcome of the actions of robber barons on the people represented by the bowling pins? ................
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