Early Child Development: Investing in the Future - World Bank

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DIRECTIONS

MARY

Oft

EMING

IN

YOUNG

DEVELOPMENT

Early Child

Development:

Investing in the

Future

DIRECTIONS

IN DEVELOPMENT

Early Child Development

Investing in the Future

The World Bank

Washington, D.C.

? 1996 The International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development/THE WORLD BANK

1818 H Street, NW

Washington, D.C. 20433

All rights reserved

Manufactured in the United States of America

First printing January 1996

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this study

are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any

manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members

of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent.

ISBN 0-8213-3547-2

Photos: Cover, Jean-Luc Ray, Aga Khan Foundation; pages 7, 17, 19, 34,

36, 41, 48, 82, Jean-Luc Ray, Aga Khan Foundation; page 79, Curt

Carnemark, World Bank.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

Data

Young, Mary Eming, 1955Early child development: investing in the future.

p.

cm.- (Directions in development)

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 0-8213-3547-2

1. Economic development-Effect

of education on. 2. Child

development. 3. Early childhood education.

I. Title II. Series:

Directions in development (Washington, D.C.).

HD75.7.Y68

1996

372.21-dc2O

96-53256

CIP

Contents

Foreword

v

Acknowledgments

viii

PART 1. The Theory

1

The Case for Early Intervention

Scientific Basis

4

Socioeconomic Returns

7

Policy Implications

12

3

Approaches to the Development of Young Children

Program Design Options

14

Phasing the Introduction of Inputs

17

Designing a Program

23

Working with NGOs and Other Agencies

35

Paying for Child Development Programs

Determining the Cost

40

Financing the Program

42

PART II. The Practice

Introduction

14

40

47

49

52

52

1. Training Children's First Teachers in Israel

2. Helping Parents Care for the Very Young in Israel

3. Searching for the Best Care Model in Turkey

57

4. Community Educators Working with Parents

in Mexico

59

EDUCATING PARENTS

54

61

5. Expanding Teacher Training Programs

in Trinidad and Tobago

61

6. Introducing New Teaching Approaches

in the Former East Bloc

63

7. Meeting the Increasing Need for Child Care in Kenya

TRAINING CAREGIVERS

67

8. Giving Children a Head Start in the United States

9. WIC-Preventing Low-Birth-Weight Babies

in the United States

70

65

DELIVERING SERVICES TO CHILDREN

iii

67

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