Section 1: Who Were the Loyalists



Section 1: Who Were the Loyalists? (p. 171-179)

Conflict in the Thirteen Colonies:

Vocabulary to Define

• In debt

• Refugee

• Genealogist

• Lineage

• Migration

• In 1763, Britain owned an area called the Thirteen Colonies (along the east Coast of modern day United States).

• Britain was in debt due to the Seven Years War, and didn’t have enough money to pay to keep solders in the Thirteen Colonies, so they made the colonists pay for the troops, and raised taxes in the colonies.

• The colonists were angry and protested, and it turned into a rebellion.

• 1775, George Washington (soon to be the first President of the US) raised an army to fight against the British rule

• 1776 the United States declared itself independent of Britain, and the American War of Independence began (also called the American Revolution)

• People who supported the rebellion were called “Patriots”

• People who were loyal to Britain and wanted to remain part of the British Empire were called “Loyalists”

Activities:

1. Using the map handed out in class, and the picture on p. 172, outline, label, and color the following:

• Rupert’s Land

• Nova Scotia

• Newfoundland

• Thirteen Colonies

• Quebec

• Indian Territory

Notes:

Loyalist Migration

• During and after the American Revolution, many Loyalists fled the Thirteen Colonies and came to the British colonies of Quebec and Nova Scotia

• This most of the wave of immigrants had British ancestors, but also included three thousand black loyalists, two thousand Native loyalists, and three thousand German Mennonites

Activity

1. Look at the map on page 180, and answer the 3 questions under the Respond heading.

Section 2: Challenges Created by the Loyalist Migration (p.181-187)

Notes:

Impacts of the Loyalist Migration on the Canadiens:

• The arrival of the Loyalists greatly increased the # of British settlers in Quebec

• The Loyalists began to ask the government for British laws and customs in Quebec

• The Canadiens were worried – would this endanger their rights (established under the Québec Act of 1774)?

Impacts of the Loyalist Migration on the First Nations People:

o Before the Loyalists, the British government negotiated treaties of peace and friendship with the Native People, and after, the government negotiated treaties as a way to take over land for settlement and farming (because many of the Loyalists were farmers)

o Many loyalists moved onto Mi’kmaq hunting and fishing grounds (in Nova Scotia), and the government did not negotiate for these lands because the Royal Proclimation did not apply to the Mi’kmaq people, because they were not within the “Indian Territory”

Petition – to ask for something in a formal way

Activities:

1. Complete the handout that will be given to you in class, “The Loyalists Press for Changes”.

2. Read pages 186-187, and complete questions 1-3 under the Respond heading.

Section 3: The War of 1812 (p. 188-197)

Vocabulary to Define:

• Revolution

• Republic

• Republican government

• Immigration

• Reserve

• Assimilation

Notes:

• Patriotism – “pride of country”

• The War of 1812 was a war between the U.S. and British North America (what would become Canada)

• It happened because of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe (between France and Britian)

• Britain cut off trade between America and France, the U.S. got angry and declared war on the closest British territory – British North America

• The Americans invaded, thinking that the colonist of BNA would join them, but the colonists fought back, and burned down the original White House

• The War of 1812 unified the colonists of BNA, and the idea of “Canada” sprang from this war.

• BNA won the war against the Americans (if not, we would probably be American today)

The Loyalists Press for Changes

p. 184-185

Fill in the chart and answer the questions.

1. Describe Representative Government.

2. Whose interests did Britian need to consider, in responding to the Loyalists demands? Why?

3. Do you agree or disagree with the way the British responded to the Loyalists demands? Explain why you agree or disagree.

4. If you were in the British government, how would you have handled the situation?

Viewpoints of the War of 1812

Pg’s 191-194

Read the pages listed above, answer the question, and fill in the chart.

1. Conflicts in the past led Britain to mistrust Francophones in Canada. Britian had different strategies to deal with it’s mistrust, including deportation and the Quebec Act. The War of 1812 led Britain to mistrust people who were American-born. What strategies did Britain employ to deal with this mistrust?

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THE CONSTITUTIONAL ACT OF 1791

How did Britain Respond to Loyalist Concerns?

Quebec

Nova Scotia

What did the Loyalists Want?

The First Nations Peoples

The Colonists of Upper Canada

The Americans

The Canadiens

Position on the War of 1812

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