HazMat for 1st Responders (2nd Edition)-Chapter 9 Terms



Hazardous Materials for First Responders

Chapter 9 Terms

Decontamination Techniques

Absorbents

Inert materials; that is, they have no active properties. They can be used to pick up a liquid contaminant. Some examples of absorbents are soil, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, sand, and other commercially available products.

Contaminants

Any foreign substance that compromises the purity of a given substance.

Diatomaceous Earth

A light siliceous material consisting chiefly of the skeletons (minute unicellular algae) and used especially as an absorbent or filter. Also called Diatomite.

Dissipate

To cause to spread out or spread thin to the point of vanishing.

Elevated Temperature Material

Materials that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging are:

• In a liquid phase and at temperatures at or above 212oF

• Intentionally heated at or above their liquid phase flash points of 100oF

• In a solid phase and at a temperature at or above 464oF

Exposure

(1) Structure or separate part of the fireground to which the fire could spread. (2) People, properties, systems, or portions of the environment that are or may be exposed to the harmful effects of a haz mat emergency.

Threshold Limit Value

Concentration of a given material that may be tolerated for an 8-hour exposure during a regular workweek without ill effects.

TLV Ceiling

Maximum concentration that should not be exceeded, even instantaneously.

TLV Short Term Exposure Limit

Fifteen-minute time-weighted average exposure. It should not be exceeded at any time nor repeated more than four times daily, with a 60 minute rest period required between each STEL exposure. These short-term exposures can be tolerated without suffering from irritation, chronic or irreversible tissue damage, or narcosis of a sufficient degree to increase the likelihood of accidental injury, impair self-rescue, or materially reduce worker efficiency. TLV/STELs are expressed in ppm and mg/m3.

TLV Time Weighted Average

Maximum airborne concentration of a material to which an average, healthy person may be exposed repeatedly for 8 hours each day, 40 hours per week without suffering adverse effects. They are based upon current available data and are adjusted on an annual basis.

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