1 - Moore Public Schools



1. List the name and function of each lettered part of the diagram pictured above.

|Letter |Name of Part |Function of Part |

|A |Esophagus |A muscular canal running from the pharynx to the stomach. |

|B |Stomach |Sac-like structure where food is stored. |

|C |Pancreas |Produces insulin and glucagon to control the body’s blood |

| | |sugar. |

|D |Rectum |The last portion of the large intestine used for storage of |

| | |stool ready for disposal. |

|E |Small intestines |Location where digestion is completed. Nutrients are removed|

| | |from food and are absorbed into the blood stream. |

|F |Large intestines |Passes the remaining nutrients to the blood and store and |

| | |eliminates waste leftovers. |

|G |Liver |Secretes bile that is passed along to the gall bladder. |

2. Starting with the mouth, list the order of the organs that food passes through as it is being digested.

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum

3. What is digestion? The process of breaking down food into usable materials

4. What are the six main types of substances needed by the body for growth, repair, maintenance, and energy? Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

1. What is an example of mechanical digestion inside the mouth? Teeth grinding a cracker (chewing)

6. Food moves through the digestive tract because of muscular contractions called ________.

a. enzymes b. saliva c. bolus d. peristalsis

7. How are the villi of the small intestine important to the digestive system? They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

On the respiratory system diagram, label the parts. In the data table, record the function of the numbered part.

|Number |Function of Part |

|of Part | |

|1 |Nasal Cavity – warms and filters air |

|2 |Mouth – warms air |

|3 |Larynx – voice box |

|4 |Right lung – holds air |

|5 |Right Bronchi – directs air to the right lung |

|6 |Diaphragm – contracts and relaxes for inhaling and exhaling |

|7 |Pharynx – warms air |

|8 |Trachea – breathing tube |

|9 |Left Bronchi – directs air to the left lung |

|10 |Bronchioles – carries air to the alveoli |

|11 |Alveoli – site of gas exchange |

Respiratory system:

Explain the role of the diaphragm in the process of breathing by filling in the blanks below.

As the diaphragm moves down it is _________________. The pressure _____________ the

chest is _______________ than ______________ the body and air moves towards the

_____________ pressure inside the chest. As the diaphragm moves up it is ________________.

The ________________ inside the chest is ________________ than the pressure outside the

__________. The air inside the chest moves ______________ of the chest toward the lower pressure

outside the body.

Circulatory System:

1. In the data table, label the name and function of each numbered part

2.

| # |Name of Part |Function of Part |

|1 |Aorta |Carries oxygen rich blood to the body |

|2 |Pulmonary Artery |carries low oxygen blood to the lungs |

|3 |Left atrium |receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs |

|4 |Left ventricle |pumps oxygen rich blood to the body through the aorta |

|5 |Septum |keeps the oxygen rich and low oxygen rich blood from |

| | |mixing |

|6 |Inferior Vena Cava |carries low oxygen blood from the lower body to the |

| | |right atrium |

|7 |Right Ventricle |pumps low oxygen blood to the lungs |

|8 |Right atrium |receives low oxygen blood from the body |

|9 |Pulmonary valve |keeps blood from flowing backwards into the right |

| | |ventricle and towards the pulmonary arteries |

|10 |Superior Vena Cava |brings low oxygen blood from the upper body to the right|

| | |atrium |

|11 |Tricuspid valve |keeps blood from flowing backwards towards the right |

| | |atrium and towards the right ventricle |

|12 |Mitral valve |keeps blood from flowing backwards into the left atrium |

| | |and towards the left ventricle |

|13 |Pulmonary vein |carries oxygen rich blood back to the heart from the |

| | |lungs |

|14 |Aortic valve |keeps blood from flowing backwards into the left |

| | |ventricle and towards the body through the aorta |

2. Starting with the vena cava, list the order of the parts of the body that blood flows through. Vena Cava (Superior and Inferior) – right atrium – tricuspid valve – right ventricle – pulmonary valve – pulmonary artery – lungs – pulmonary veins – left atrium – mitral (bicuspid) valve – left ventricle – aortic valve – aorta – body

3. Describe what happens to the blood pressure in the blood vessels as the blood flows through the body. Decreases as you get further away from the heart.

1. How do organs E and F compare in size?

A. They are both the same size in diameter and length.

B. Letter E is shorter and larger in diameter than letter F.

C. F, is shorter and larger in diameter than letter E.

D. Letter F is longer and larger in diameter than letter E.

2. Blood can flow freely through arteries because

A. arteries are lined with smooth muscle.

B. arteries are lined with a layer of smooth epithelial cells.

C. connective tissue pushes blood through arteries.

D. arteries have only one layer of cells.

3. Blood leaving Letter A is headed for

A. the lungs

B. the vena cava

C. the body

D. the right atrium

4. Which letter indicates the first stop for de-oxygenated blood going to get more oxygen?

A. A

B. B

C. G

D. F

5. Look at the diagram of the respiratory system.

The function of number 11 is to

A. contract and relax changing the amount

of space in the chest.

B. warm, moisten, and clean the air.

C. prevent food from traveling into

the windpipe.

D. help exchange carbon dioxide for

oxygen in the lungs.

6. Which part of the respiratory system divides

into smaller and smaller tubes in a pattern that

resembles the branches of a tree?

A. pharynx

B. trachea

C. bronchi

D. epiglottis

-----------------------

contracting

pressure

Which valve is not labeled?

Blood Vessels

Blood

Components

5. List the components and purpose for each of the components of the blood.

A. Platelets – help clot blood

B. Plasma – fluid that contains proteins, glucose, gases, and hormones

C. White Blood Cells – fight infections

D. Red Blood Cells – transport oxygen to cells

D

C

A

relaxing

4. Label each of the three types of blood vessels above. Be able to describe the structure of each.

A. Veins – carry blood to the heart

B. Arteries – carry blood away from the heart

C. capillaries

B

lower

outside

[pic]

13

lower

inside

relaxing out pressure contracting higher

inside body lower outside lower

12

11

higher

body

out

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Answer Key

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