Polarity Flow Chart



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|Polarity: Polar or Non-Polar Covalent –That is the Question? |

Does the molecule have polar covalent bonds?

Yes No

Is the Lewis structure symmetrical?

Non-polar Covalent

Yes No

Non-polar Polar

Covalent Covalent

Polarity:

Polarity results from the uneven partial charge distribution between various atoms in a compound. Atoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens, that are more electronegative have a tendency to have partial negative charges δ-. Atoms, such as carbon and hydrogen, have a tendency to be more neutral or have partial positive charges δ+.

Dipole:

Electrons in a polar covalent bond are unequally shared between the two bonded atoms, which results in partial positive and negative charges. The separation of the partial charges creates a dipole. The word dipole means two poles: the separated partial positive and negative charges. The dipole is draw with the tail and cross towards the positive atom, and the arrow head is pointing towards the negative atom.

Polar vs. Non-polar Covalent:

Non-polar molecules are of two types. Molecules whose atoms have equal or nearly equal electronegativities have zero or very small dipole moments. These molecules are symmetrical. A second type of non-polar molecule has polar bonds, but the molecular geometry is symmetrical allowing the bond dipoles to cancel each other.

Ex: Carbon dioxide and “HOFBrINCl” the clown!

Polar molecules results when a molecule contains polar bonds in an unsymmetrical arrangement.

Ex: Water and ammonia NH3

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