Anatomy & Physiology II



Anatomy & Physiology II BIO 212 Things to Know For LabReference: Marrieb, Elaine N. , RN, MD, and Hoehm, Katja, MD, PhD, Anatomy and Physiology, (8th ed )2009, Pearson, Benjamin, Cummings, Co. USA Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology I & II (Camden County College ed.). Wiley, 2006 Good Atlas is Recommended: VanDeGraaff, K. & Crawely, J. 2003 A Photographic Atlas for the Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory, Morton Disclaimer: The following information is a projected schedule and is for guidance only. It is by no means displaces the student’s responsibility to come to class and learn the changes to the material needed to master the course.Lab Exercise 1 Blood Formed Elements Slides: Erythrocytes LeukocytesGranulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophilsAgranulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes Platelets Artery: Tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa Vein: Tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externaLab Exercise 2 The Heart Human Heart Model & Sheep Heart: adipose tissueinterventricular sulcuscoronary arteries and veinsbaseapexR & L atriaR & L ventriclepulmonary trunkaortabrachiocephalic arterysuperior and inferior vena cavatricuspid valvebicuspid (mitral) valveaortic semilunar valvepulmonary semilunar valveinterventricular septumpapillary muscleschordae tendineaeendocardium, myocardium, epicardium.Additional on the Human Heart Model: R & L pulmonary arteriesL common carotid arteryL subclavian arteryR & L pulmonary veinsfossa ovalis R & L coronary ArteryMarginal arteryCircumflex arteryAnterior and posterior interventricular arteriesSmall, middle, anterior, posterior cardiac veinsCoronary sinusLab Exercise 3 Cat Vessels Cranial to the Diaphragm or Models: DiaphragmlungsR & L pleural cavitiesmediastinumaortaesophaguspericardial sac parietal layer of the serous pericardium epicardium (visceral layer of the serous pericardium)pericardial cavityheart R & L atriaR & L ventriclesinterventricular sulciArteries: pulmonary trunkR & L pulmonary arteriesaortic archthoracic aortabrachiocephalic arteryR & L subclavian arteriesR & L common carotidinternal mammary arteryaxillary arterybrachial artery Veins: inferior and superior vena cava axillaryR & L brachiocephalic veins brachial subclavian veins external jugularanterior facialposterior facial transverse jugular Arteries and Veins Caudal to the Heart Cat and model: Arteries: descending aorta (abdominal aorta), adrenal gland, renal arteries, testicular or ovarian arteries, lumbar arteries, caudal artery, femoral arteryVeins: inferior vena cava, common iliac veins, lumbar veins, ovarian or testicular veins, renal veins, hepatic veinLab Exercise 4 Pulse and Blood Pressure Blood TypingBe familiar with the superficial pulse points: carotid, temporal, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsal pedis. Blood typing A, B, AB, and O. LAB PRACTICAL I Lab Exercise 5 The Lymphatic System & Immune ResponseLymph Nodes: Axillary Cervical Inguinal Cisterna Chyli Spleen Thymus Right Lymphatic duct Thoracic duct Lymphatic vessels Lab Exercise 6 Human Respiratory Head & Neck Model, Human Head (sagittal section): Skullbrainspinal cordcervical vertebraefrontal sinussphenoidal sinushard and soft palatesoral cavitytonguenosenasal bonesexternal nares Nasal cavity:vestibulenasal conchaemeatusinternal naresPharynxnasopharynxopening of the auditory tube (eustachian tube)oropharynxpalatine tonsilsfauceslaryngopharynxesophagushyoid bone Larynx:epiglottisvocal folds - vestibular and trueglottisthyroid cartilagecricoid cartilage TracheaModel, Human - Thoracic Organs:Thyroid glandlarynxtracheaR & L primary bronchi R & L lungs: apex, base, hilus, root, R & L lung lobes and fissures (by name), heartdiaphragmesophagusLab Exercise 7 Gross Anatomy of the Lower Respiratory System Cat and model: larynxthyroid cartilagecricoid cartilagearytenoid cartilageepiglottisvocal folds - vestibular and trueglottistracheathyroid glandesophagusR & L primary bronchi; Lungs: R lung lobes - cranial, middle, caudal, accessory; L lung lobes - cranial, middle, caudal; phrenic nervediaphragm LAB PRACTICAL II Lab Exercise 8 Digestive Organs of the Head & Neck. Cat or models: parotid glandsubmandibular glandsublingual glandlingual frenulumoral cavityhard palatesoft palatetongueexternal nareslips cheeksvestibuleTongue: lingual papillae: filiform, fungiform, circumvallateTeeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars,Lab Exercise 9 Abdominal Cavity Human ModelDiaphragmLiver ,lobes and ligaments, (round, and falciform)GallbladderStomach - cardiac region, fundus, body, pyloric region, greater & lesser curvaturesSpleenSmall intestine - duodenum, jejunem, ileum Large intestine - ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, appendixPancreas - head, tailCat dissection or model:Visceral peritoneumparietal peritoneumperitoneal cavity (be able to describe)Abdominal cavityliverfalciform ligamentLobes of liver: left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral, caudateGall bladderStomach: cardiac region, fundus, body, pyloric region, rugae, greater and lesser curvaturesSpleenSmall intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, mesentery, lymph nodes, Large intestine: cecum, colon: ascending, transverse, descending; rectum, anal canal, anusPancreas: head, tailDucts: cystic, common hepatic, common bile Lab Exercise 10 The Kidney Kidney and Nephron Models:KidneyRenal cortexRenal medullarenal pyramidsrenal papillaRenal columnsRenal pelvisureter arteries and veins:renalsegmental lobarinterlobararcuatecortical radiate, aka, (interlobular) Nephronafferent arterioleglomerulusefferent arterioleperitubular capillariesvasa recta, Bowman's capsuleRenal Tubule: proximal convoluted tubuleloop of Henle - thin portion, thick portiondistal convoluted tubuleCollecting tubuleLab Exercise 11 Urogenital System Cat: kidneysadipose tissuefibrous capsulehilusrenal artery and vein uretersurinary bladderkidney (cortex and medulla, renal pyramid, pelvis) LAB PRACTICAL IIILab Exercise 12 Male Reproductive System Study the models from the external and internal views.Human Models: urinary bladderpubic symphysisrectumanusadipose tissuescrotumtestisepididymisvas deferensejaculatory ducturethra - (prostatic, membranous, penile, urethral orifice)urogenital diaphragmglans penis body of the peniscoronaprepucecorpus spongiosumcorpus cavernosum, seminal vesicleprostate gland cremaster muscle dartos muscleLab Exercise 13 Female Reproductive System Study these from an external and internal view.Human Models: ovariesuterine or fallopian tubes (isthmus,ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae)uterus (body, fundus)cervix (cervical canal, internal os, external os)endometrium, myometrium, perimetriumvaginaurinary bladderurethrarectumfornix of the vagina ligaments,( broad, ovarian, suspensory ligagment of ovary, uteroscaral, lateral cervical(cardial), round ligament of uterus)External reproductive organs: vulvamons pubisadipose tissuepubic symphysislabia majoralabia minora clitoris (prepuce, glans, body)urethral orificevaginal openinganusclinical perineum LAB PRACTICAL IV ................
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