White Plains Middle School



A Time to Review – The Seventies to the New Millennium

US History/Napp Name: _________________

|In New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) and Vernonia School District v. Acton |4. Which development led to the other three? |

|(1995), the United States Supreme Court ruled that |(1) United States invasion of Afghanistan |

|(1) student rights may be limited in school |(2) increased security at airports |

|(2) school locker searches are unconstitutional |(3) creation of the Department of Homeland |

|(3) public schools have the right to promote |Security |

|school prayer |(4) September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States |

|(4) schools must obtain a court order to | |

|implement drug testing |5. Passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) improved |

| |conditions for the disabled by |

|“…There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, |(1) making it illegal to criticize or fire |

|that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. |handicapped persons |

|General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity|(2) mandating easier access to employment and public facilities |

|for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: |(3) sponsoring Olympic games for the |

|Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, |handicapped |

|tear down this wall…” |(4) requiring separate classrooms for disabled students |

|~ President Ronald Reagan, June 12, 1987 | |

| |…After 20 months of negotiations, I ordered my Trade Representative, |

|2. President Reagan was calling for the end of the |Ambassador Kantor, to impose sanctions on Japan unless they agreed to |

|(1) nuclear arms race |open these markets. Today Japan has agreed that it will begin to truly|

|(2) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan |open its auto and auto parts markets to American companies… |

|(3) division of Berlin, Germany |~ President Bill Clinton, Remarks on the |

|(4) Warsaw Pact |Japan–United States Trade Agreement, |

| |June 28, 1995 |

|One way in which the Hayes-Tilden election of 1876 and the Bush-Gore | |

|election of 2000 are similar is that in each election the winner was |6. President Clinton’s actions were a reaction to |

|(1) selected by the state legislatures |(1) an ongoing trade deficit with Japan |

|(2) elected without a majority of the popular vote |(2) a threat of war with Japan |

|(3) aided by a third-party candidate |(3) the refusal of Japan to import Alaskan oil |

|(4) chosen by the United States Supreme Court |(4) tension over having to protect Japan from Chinese aggression |

| | |

| | |

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7. What was a result of the events reflected in these magazine covers?

(1) Many Americans lost trust in their government.

(2) The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the president’s actions.

(3) Freedom of the press was limited.

(4) President Richard Nixon was defeated in his bid for reelection.

8. …Historians looking back at our time will note the consistent restraint and peaceful intentions of the West. They will note that it was the democracies who refused to use the threat of their nuclear monopoly in the forties and early fifties for territorial or imperial gain. Had that nuclear monopoly been in the hands of the Communist world, the map of Europe—indeed, the world—would look very different today. And certainly they will note it was not the democracies that invaded Afghanistan [in 1979] or suppressed Polish Solidarity or used chemical and toxin warfare in Afghanistan and Southeast Asia…

~ President Ronald Reagan, speech to the British House of Commons, June 8, 1982

Which attitude about Cold War rivalries is expressed by President Ronald Reagan in this speech?

(1) Actions taken by communist nations to secure their borders have brought stability to Europe.

(2) The United States has made no attempt to pursue peaceful coexistence with communist nations.

(3) Efforts to reduce the nuclear arms race have resulted in lower defense spending.

(4) Communist nations, not western democracies, have threatened world peace.

9. President Ronald Reagan and President George W. Bush shared the belief that tax cuts would result in

(1) A reduction in exports

(2) The growth of the economy

(3) An increase in the federal bureaucracy

(4) A rise in unemployment

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10. Which development is the topic of this cartoon?

(1) Increase in trade between the United States and Southeast Asia

(2) Outsourcing of American jobs to foreign countries

(3) Abandonment of free trade agreements with other countries

(4) Payment of higher wages to overseas workers

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11. Which constitutional provision is most clearly illustrated by these headlines?

(1) Presidential power

(2) Qualifications to be president

(3) Presidential succession

(4) Advice and consent of the Senate

12. During the Great Depression of the 1930s and the economic crisis of 2008–2010, the federal government initiated reforms in the banking system to

(1) Strengthen federal control over the financial system

(2) Eliminate the flow of capital to foreign countries

(3) Promote laissez-faire business practices

(4) Provide for a more equitable distribution of wealth

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13. What was one result of the boycott called for on the poster?

(1) The sale of lettuce and grapes increased.

(2) The power of large landowners over their laborers grew.

(3) Federal troops were sent to suppress violence on farms in the West.

(4) Public support for the goals of farmworkers increased.

14. …Just over a month ago, General Secretary Gorbachev [of the Soviet Union] and I met for the first time in Geneva. Our purpose was to begin a fresh chapter in the relations between our two countries and to try to reduce the suspicions and mistrust between us. I think we made a good beginning. Mr. Gorbachev and I spent many hours together, speaking frankly and seriously about the most important issues of our time: reducing the massive nuclear arsenals on both sides, resolving regional conflicts, ensuring respect for human rights as guaranteed under international agreements, and other questions of mutual interest. As the elected representative of the American people, I told Mr. Gorbachev of our deep desire for peace and that the American people do not wish the Soviet people any harm… ~President Ronald Reagan, January 1, 1986

One major issue that dominated United States–Soviet relations at this time was the

(1) War in Southeast Asia

(2) Use of apartheid in South Africa

(3) Danger of nuclear destruction

(4) Threat from al Qaeda in the Middle East

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15. Which conclusion is best supported by the information on these graphs?

(1) More nations produce energy than consume it.

(2) South American nations are the greatest producers of energy.

(3) Nations that produce the most energy are the richest nations in the world.

(4) The United States uses more energy than it produces.

16. One result of the situation shown on the graphs is that the United States

(1) Must consider its need for energy when making foreign policy decisions

(2) Relies mainly on European nations for its energy

(3) Leads the world in the production of oil and steel

(4) Must find markets for its surplus energy

17. One unique feature of the presidential election of 2000 between George W. Bush and Al Gore is that

(1) The Supreme Court played an important role in the final outcome

(2) No third-party candidate was on the ballot

(3) Both candidates had previously served as vice president

(4) The electoral votes in Florida were divided between the candidates

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18. Which statement most accurately expresses the main idea of the cartoon?

(1) Successive presidents have failed to deal effectively with illegal drug use.

(2) These presidents were successful in fighting the war on drugs.

(3) The war on drugs was the major domestic concern of these presidents.

(4) Many presidents have proposed legislation to decriminalize illegal drugs.

19. I. __________________________________

A. Trade restrictions

B. Laissez-faire

C. Trickle-down theory

D. Wage and price controls

(1) Social Reforms

(2) Constitutional Amendments

(3) Economic Policies

(4) Religious Beliefs

20. The terms Teapot Dome, Watergate, and Iran-Contra are most closely associated with

(1) Domestic policies

(2) Presidential scandals

(3) Federal court decisions

(4) Failed reform movements

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21. What accounts for the changes that took place in the distribution of seats in the House of Representatives between 1900 and 2000?

(1) The population in certain regions grew more quickly than in other regions.

(2) Supreme Court decisions expanded the power of Congress.

(3) The Democratic Party majority increased in strength during the 20th century.

(4) Constitutional amendments gave large states more representation in the Senate than small states.

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23. Which United States foreign policy is the subject of this 1904 cartoon?

(1) Imperialism (3) isolationism

(2) Neutrality (4) containment

24. The cartoonist is expressing concerns about the ability of the United States to

(1) Accept citizens from foreign countries

(2) Control territories spread out over vast distances

(3) Support human rights around the world

(4) Maintain a trade surplus with new trading partners

|25. The Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States (1919) and | …In the sixth year since our Nation was attacked, I wish I could |

|the passage of the USA Patriot Act (2001) demonstrate the principle |report to you that the dangers have ended. They have not. And so it |

|that the federal government can |remains the policy of this Government to use every lawful and proper |

|(1) guarantee citizens the right to bear arms |tool of intelligence, diplomacy, law enforcement, and military action |

|(2) restrict the power of the president |to do our duty, to find these enemies, and to protect the |

|(3) limit individual rights in times of national emergency |American people… |

|(4) expand the liberties protected by the Bill of Rights |~ President George W. Bush |

| | |

|26. Which concept is illustrated by United States participation in |29. Which event did President Bush refer to in this quotation? |

|both the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the North |(1) Oklahoma City bombing on April 17, 1995 |

|American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)? |(2) terrorist actions on September 11, 2001 |

|(1) interdependence (3) nationalism |(3) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan |

|(2) appeasement (4) nonalignment |(4) start of Operation Iraqi Freedom |

| | |

|[pic] |30. Which statement illustrates the system of checks and balances? |

|27. Which statement is best supported by information in the chart? |(1) The electoral college cast 435 votes for |

|(1) The candidate selected by a majority of the population won the |Woodrow Wilson in 1912. |

|presidency. |(2) President Harry Truman decided to remove General Douglas MacArthur|

|(2) The popular vote is not the deciding factor in winning the |as military commander in Korea. |

|presidency. |(3) The Senate rejected President Ronald |

|(3) Candidates must campaign in all states to win a presidential |Reagan’s nomination of Robert Bork to the |

|election. |Supreme Court. |

|(4) The electoral college system was abolished after this election. |(4) Nancy Pelosi was elected as the first female Speaker of the House |

| |of Representatives in 2007. |

|28. One way in which President Andrew Johnson and President Bill | |

|Clinton are similar is that both were |31. A main goal of President Richard Nixon’s policy of détente was to |

|(1) forced to fight an unpopular war |(1) sponsor free elections in North and South Korea |

|(2) opposed to civil rights legislation |(2) reduce tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union |

|(3) sworn into office after the assassination of a president |(3) negotiate an end to the Arab-Israeli conflict |

|(4) acquitted by the Senate after being impeached |(4) build support for recognition of the |

| |Nationalist government of Taiwan |

| | |

| | |

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32. Which event led to this letter being written?

(1) Teapot Dome scandal

(2) Kent State shootings

(3) Iran-Contra affair

(4) Watergate break-in

33. Which constitutional power was most directly responsible for the action taken in this letter?

(1) Power of Congress to override vetoes

(2) Power of the president to appoint justices to the Supreme Court

(3) Power of impeachment by the House of Representatives

(4) Power of the Senate to approve proposed treaties

34. President Ronald Reagan asked Congress to lower tax rates on businesses and wealthy individuals in order to

(1) Encourage new economic investment

(2) Increase exports to Asia

(3) Impose limits on the money supply

(4) Preserve funds for social welfare programs

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35. This cartoonist is expressing a concern that the current Social Security system

(1) Imposes taxes which are too high

(2) Does not cover most American workers

(3) Faces threats from future increases in the number of recipients

(4) Does not support a decent standard of living

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36. Which conclusion is most clearly supported by the information in the time line?

(1) Government intervention in the economy has limited the growth of the gross domestic product.

(2) United States economic policies have been modified to meet changing conditions.

(3) The United States government has shown little interest in regulating big business.

(4) Most Americans are opposed to government intervention in the economy.

37. One reason some people support raising the eligibility age for receiving Social Security benefits is that

(1) Most Americans now have access to free health care

(2) People are living longer today

(3) The federal government has had record budget surpluses in recent years

(4) Baby boomers will begin to retire after the year 2030

…Keeping America competitive requires affordable energy. And here we have a serious problem: America is addicted to oil, which is often imported from unstable parts of the world. The best way to break this addiction is through technology. Since 2001, we have spent nearly $10 billion to develop cleaner, cheaper, and more reliable alternative energy sources. And we are on the threshold of incredible advances…

~ President George W. Bush, State of the Union Address, January 31, 2006

38. In this passage, President George W. Bush suggests Americans can overcome oil “addiction” by focusing on

(1) Conservation (3) Scientific Research

(2) Education (4) Discovery of new oil fields

39. Which goal related to United States energy needs is addressed in this speech?

(1) Reduce dependence on the Middle East

(2) Supply all energy needs from domestic sources

(3) Decrease offshore drilling

(4) Eliminate the use of all petroleum products

40. “House Chooses Jefferson”

“Corrupt Bargain? Clay Sides with Adams”

“Bush Wins Florida—Wins Election”

Which is the most accurate conclusion that can be drawn from these headlines?

(1) Candidates who make promises they cannot keep are seldom elected.

(2) Congress has had no role in deciding close elections in United States history.

(3) Democratic candidates have won most disputed elections in the last 100 years.

(4) Several controversial elections have occurred in United States history.

41. “President Lincoln Declares Martial Law”

“President Roosevelt Issues Executive Order to Detain Japanese Americans”

“President Bush Orders Terrorist Suspects Held at Guantanamo”

These headlines best demonstrate that

(1) The system of checks and balances equalizes the powers of governmental branches

(2) Presidential power often increases during times of crisis

(3) Presidents act forcefully during periods of economic depression

(4) Presidential decisions made to resolve national crises are rarely controversial

42. Which action was a major foreign policy achievement of President Jimmy Carter?

(1) Settling the Suez crisis

(2) Withdrawing the United States from the Vietnam War

(3) Establishing improved relations with Iran

(4) Mediating the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel

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43. Based on this map, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) received the least support in the

(1) Rocky Mountain states (3) northeastern states

(2) Pacific Coast states (4) southeastern states

44. Based on this map, the proposed equal rights amendment was not added to the

Constitution because

(1) Too few New England states supported it

(2) Fewer than three-fourths of the states ratified it

(3) The president vetoed the passage of the amendment

(4) Idaho, Nebraska, and Kentucky never held a ratification vote

45. President Ronald Reagan used the concept of supply-side economics when he proposed

(1) Reducing income taxes to stimulate growth

(2) Providing direct payments to people living in poverty

(3) Creating government jobs to keep people working

(4) Increasing regulations on business to promote competition

46. Which action has come to symbolize the end of the Cold War?

(1) Establishing the Peace Corps

(2) Achieving a truce in the Korean War

(3) Tearing down the Berlin Wall

(4) Improving United States relations with China

|[pic] |50. A major way in which the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Americans|

|47. The main idea of this cartoon about the Iraq War is that |with Disabilities Act (1990) are similar is that both laws |

|(1) the American public should no longer support the president’s goals|(1) were intended to lift Americans out of |

|(2) President George W. Bush claimed victory too soon |poverty |

|(3) American troops should be coming home soon |(2) failed to pass constitutional review by the |

|(4) creating a democratic government is no longer the goal of the war |Supreme Court |

| |(3) gave a minority group the right to vote after years of protest |

|48. Which issue was involved in both the firing of General Douglas |(4) provided equal protection to groups that had experienced |

|MacArthur in 1951 and the passage of the War Powers Act of 1973? |discrimination |

|(1) judicial limits on free speech | |

|(2) media influence on budget policies |51. Since 1970, what has been a significant economic trend in the |

|(3) the president’s authority as commander in chief |United States? |

|(4) expansion of the military-industrial complex |(1) decline in the number of working mothers in the labor force |

| |(2) shift in jobs from manufacturing to service industries |

|49. How is the presidential election of 2000 similar to the |(3) decrease in dependency on foreign oil |

|presidential elections of 1824 and 1876? |(4) increase in federal budget surpluses |

|(1) The electoral vote count ended in a tie. | |

|(2) The third-party candidate won several electoral votes. |52. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European |

|(3) The winner of the popular vote did not become president. |Union (EU) both seek to expand trade within their organizations by |

|(4) The United States Senate selected the winner. |(1) prohibiting imports from nonmember nations |

| |(2) creating a common currency and parliament |

| |(3) lowering tariffs and eliminating import quotas between member |

| |nations |

| |(4) forming military alliances |

| | |

| |53. The policy of détente pursued by President Richard Nixon was an |

| |effort to |

| |(1) increase foreign aid to African nations |

| |(2) maintain access to East Asian markets |

| |(3) reduce conflict with the Soviet Union |

| |(4) end trade barriers among Western Hemisphere nations |

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55. “Grant Administration Caught Up in Credit Mobilier Controversy”

“Harding’s Secretary of the Interior Indicted in Teapot Dome Investigation”

“Iran-Contra Scandal Leads to Resignation of Reagan Advisor”

Which conclusion can be drawn from these headlines?

(1) American presidents are not subject to the nation’s laws.

(2) Senate trials have been used to remove corrupt presidents.

(3) Only Democratic presidents have been investigated for misdeeds.

(4) Some presidents have been damaged by the actions of their aides.

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|57. |60. Which event of Bill Clinton’s presidency best illustrates the use |

|Amendment XXV |of checks and balances? |

|Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of |(1) hosting peace talks between Israelis and |

|his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. |Palestinians |

|Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice |(2) reelection to a second term |

|President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall |(3) selection of Al Gore as vice president |

|take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of |(4) impeachment for alleged perjury and |

|Congress. |obstruction of justice |

| | |

|This amendment to the Constitution made it |[pic] |

|possible for |61. What is the main topic of this 1985 cartoon? |

|(1) voters to elect Franklin D. Roosevelt to a |(1) quality of Japanese products |

|fourth term as president in 1944 |(2) imbalance in Japanese-United States trade |

|(2) Gerald Ford to become president when |(3) outsourcing of American jobs to Japan |

|Richard Nixon left office in 1974 |(4) relocation of American companies to Japan |

|(3) the House of Representatives to impeach | |

|President Bill Clinton in 1998 |62. If this 1985 cartoon were to be redrawn today, which country would |

|(4) the Supreme Court to rule on the counting of votes in Florida in |most likely replace Japan as the subject of the cartoon? |

|the presidential election of 2000 |(1) China (3) Germany |

| |(2) Brazil (4) Russia |

|58. Which development led to the other three? | |

|(1) growth of new home construction |63. The Supreme Court rulings in Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned |

|(2) increase in school populations |Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania, et al. v. Casey (1992) are |

|(3) start of the baby boom |similar in that both cases dealt with a woman’s right to |

|(4) pressure on the Social Security system |(1) privacy |

| |(2) medical insurance |

|59. The United States government is creating memorials along the |(3) equal pay for equal work |

|Trail of Tears because it was |(4) participate in school sports |

|(1) an important road used by settlers going to the frontier | |

|(2) the location of injustices against many Native American Indians | |

|(3) the site of victories by General Andrew | |

|Jackson during the War of 1812 | |

|(4) the route followed by the first transcontinental railroad | |

| | |

| | |

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64. Which statement best describes the point of view of the cartoonist?

(1) Outsourcing of jobs has hurt American workers.

(2) Americans receive most of their news from television.

(3) United States presidents now seek support throughout the world.

(4) Low unemployment rates have forced United States companies to expand overseas.

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65. What is the main issue identified in this cartoon?

(1) The high cost of computer services

(2) Conflicts between Congress and the Supreme Court

(3) The increasing lack of privacy

(4) Limits placed on the powers of Congress

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66. Which event is President George H. W. Bush referring to in this letter?

(1) The bombing of Pearl Harbor during World War II

(2) The military service of Japanese Americans during World War II

(3) The internment of Japanese Americans during World War II

(4) A ban on Japanese immigration to the United States after World War II

67. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led the federal government to create the

(1) Environmental Protection Agency

(2) Department of Homeland Security

(3) Central Intelligence Agency

(4) Federal Bureau of Investigation

68. President Jimmy Carter’s decision to criticize South Africa’s apartheid policy and President Bill Clinton’s decision to send troops to Bosnia were both responses to

(1) Human rights abuses

(2) Civil wars

(3) Immigration policies

(4) Trade agreement violations

69. The Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States (1919) and the USA Patriot Act of 2001 both dealt with the power of the federal government to

(1) Suspend the writ of habeas corpus

(2) Restrict freedom of religion

(3) Deny civil rights to those who lack citizenship

(4) Limit civil liberties for reasons of national security

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70. In the 1970s, many women’s rights advocates reacted to the situation shown in the cartoon by

(1) Rejecting the provisions of Title IX

(2) Opposing affirmative action programs

(3) Demanding the right to vote in all elections

(4) Supporting the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution

72. President Richard Nixon’s foreign policy of détente was an attempt to

(1) Resolve Middle East conflicts

(2) Improve relations with the Soviet Union

(3) Defend United States interests in Latin America

(4) Increase the power of the United Nations Security Council

|73. Which action did President Gerald Ford take in an attempt to end |77. One way in which the Pearl Harbor attack of December 7, 1941, and |

|the national controversy over the Watergate affair? |the attacks of September 11, 2001, are similar is that both led to |

|(1) pardoning Richard Nixon |(1) increasing isolation |

|(2) declaring a war on poverty |(2) the creation of a military draft |

|(3) declining to run for reelection |(3) the impeachment of the president |

|(4) asking Congress to impeach Richard Nixon |(4) major changes in United States foreign policy |

| | |

|74. President Jimmy Carter’s decision to pardon Vietnam War draft |78. “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be |

|evaders who had fled to Canada is an example of the president’s role |excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be |

|as |subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity |

|(1) chief diplomat (3) chief executive |receiving Federal financial assistance…” |

|(2) head of party (4) world leader |~ Title IX, 1972 |

|[pic] |The passage of this law affected women across the nation by |

|75. Which statement is most clearly supported by the information in |(1) granting them the right to own property |

|the chart? |(2) guaranteeing them the same wages as male workers |

|(1) Elderly men outnumber elderly women. |(3) increasing their opportunities to participate in school sports |

|(2) In 1960, more than 10 percent of Americans were age 85 or older. |(4) allowing them the right to seek elective |

|(3) The number of Americans living past the age of 85 is increasing. |Offices |

|(4) In 1900, only 1 million Americans were age 85. | |

| |79. The passage of the War Powers Act of 1973 was intended to affect |

|76. What is one reason for the increases in worldwide oil prices since|the balance of power between the president and Congress by |

|the 1970s? |(1) allowing troops to be sent overseas without the president’s |

|(1) construction of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline |consent |

|(2) political unrest in the Middle East |(2) requiring the president to remove all United States troops from |

|(3) promotion of conservation efforts by United States oil companies |Southeast Asia |

|(4) doubling of tariffs on oil imports by the |(3) permitting the president to enter treaties |

|United States government |without Senate approval |

| |(4) placing limitations on the president’s ability to keep troops in |

| |hostile situations |

| | |

| |80. Which term is most commonly used to describe President Richard |

| |Nixon’s foreign policy toward the Soviet Union? |

| |(1) collective security (3) détente |

| |(2) brinkmanship (4) neutrality |

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81. What is the main idea of this cartoon?

(1) The president is responsible for helping hurricane victims.

(2) Members of the Supreme Court can often ignore political issues.

(3) Nominating a justice to the Supreme Court often creates controversy.

(4) The Constitution should be amended so that Supreme Court Justices are elected.

82. Which event led to the investigations that resulted in the resignation of President Richard Nixon?

(1) A decision to escalate the war in Vietnam

(2) A presidential decision to freeze wages and prices

(3) A break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee

(4) An oil embargo by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

83. “Gasoline Prices Soar in 2008”

“U.S. Oil Consumption and Imports Continue to Rise”

“OPEC Votes to Reduce Oil Production”

Which conclusion is most clearly supported by these headlines?

(1) The United States exports more oil than it imports.

(2) Energy policies are not affected by domestic events.

(3) The demand for alternative energy sources is declining.

(4) United States dependence on foreign oil is a major problem.

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84. Which statement is accurate about congressional bills vetoed between 1961 and 1993?

(1) Congress was usually able to override a presidential veto.

(2) Pocket vetoes were used more often than regular vetoes.

(3) The majority of presidential vetoes were upheld.

(4) The use of the veto increased steadily between 1961 and 1993.

85. The data in the table illustrate the operation of

(1) Executive privilege

(2) Checks and balances

(3) Congressional immunity

(4) Federal supremacy

86. Since the 1970s, many people have moved from the Midwest and Northeast to the South, Southwest, and West Coast. This migration has resulted in

(1) Support for increasing the membership of Congress

(2) A decrease in immigration from Asia and Latin America

(3) Increased pressure to eliminate the Electoral College

(4) Some states gaining and others losing seats in the House of Representatives

87. The disputed elections of 1876 and 2000 were similar because in both contests the

(1) Winner was chosen by a special electoral commission

(2) States were required to hold a second election

(3) Winner of the popular vote did not become president

(4) Election had to be decided in the House of Representatives

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88. Data from the graphs most clearly support the conclusion that by the mid-1990s,

American women as a group

(1) Surpassed men in the number of businesses owned and law degrees received

(2) Had given up marriage in favor of careers outside the home

(3) Had gained more opportunities in professional areas

(4) Earned more than men in the legal profession

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89. Which generalization about United States presidential elections is most clearly supported by the data in this chart?

(1) A candidate can win the election without a majority of the popular vote.

(2) Third-party candidates have no effect on presidential elections.

(3) Electoral college votes determine the will of the majority of voters.

(4) Voter participation in national elections is declining.

90. The Department of Homeland Security was created as a direct response to the

(1) Persian Gulf War (1991)

(2) Oklahoma City bombing (1995)

(3) Terrorist attacks on September 11 (2001)

(4) Flooding of New Orleans (2005)

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91. What is the main idea of this cartoon?

(1) Burning flags is another cause of global warming.

(2) Washington politicians are focusing on the wrong issues.

(3) Respect for the American flag around the world is declining.

(4) Automobiles are mainly responsible for global warming.

92. Based on this cartoon, which action by the federal government would the cartoonist most likely support?

(1) Restricting first amendment rights

(2) Promoting industrial growth

(3) Enforcing environmental regulations

(4) Encouraging globalization

93. One similarity between President Jimmy Carter and President Bill Clinton is that both leaders

(1) Attempted to bring peace to the Middle East

(2) Supported the federal takeover of public education

(3) Testified under oath at United States Senate hearings

(4) Proposed treaties to limit trade with Latin America

94. An initial response of the United States to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, was to

(1) Aid in the overthrow of Taliban rule in Afghanistan

(2) Reduce support for Israel

(3) End trade with all Middle Eastern nations

(4) Demand an end to communist rule in Iraq

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95. Which issue in the United States is the focus of this cartoon?

(1) Poor diets of many older Americans

(2) High cost of many medicines

(3) Increased competition among drug manufacturers

(4) Government-controlled prices of prescription drugs

[pic]

96. The graduating student pictured in this cartoon is confronted by a problem caused in part by

(1) Cheaper foreign labor

(2) Increasing tariff rates

(3) High-cost imports

(4) Lack of education

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97. Which generalization about the projected population in New York State is most clearly supported by the information on the graph?

(1) The death rate will slowly increase by 2020.

(2) The number of citizens 75 and older will double by 2020.

(3) The number of citizens 75 and older will steadily decline by 2020.

(4) The population of both groups shown on the graph will increase by 2020.

98. In 1990, approximately 12 percent of the United States population was over 65. It is estimated that in 2030 that number will climb to nearly 20 percent.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

The most likely result of this trend will be an increase in the number of

(1) Immigrants from Asia

(2) Students attending colleges

(3) People receiving Social Security

(4) Members of the House of Representatives

99. Which category most accurately completes the heading for the partial outline below?

I. Supreme Court Cases that Deal With

_________________________

A. Engel v. Vitale (1962)

B. Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969)

C. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)

D. Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)

(1) Right to Counsel

(2) Student Rights

(3) School Integration

(4) Federal Funding of Education

[pic]

100. Which statement most accurately describes the main idea of this 1975 cartoon?

(1) The press should not publish materials that damage the reputation of public officials.

(2) The government is improperly hiding information from the public.

(3) Government should restrict the publication of sensitive materials.

(4) Libraries are making too many government reports open to the public.

101. What was the primary reason Richard Nixon resigned his presidency?

(1) He was convicted of several serious crimes.

(2) He was facing impeachment by the House of Representatives.

(3) His reelection was declared invalid by the Supreme Court.

(4) His actions in Cambodia and Laos were exposed in the Pentagon Papers.

[pic]

102. Information from the table supports the conclusion that the

(1) Population of the United States is increasing

(2) Center of population is moving eastward

(3) Distribution of House seats follows shifts in population

(4) Number of senators will soon increase

103. In the late 1990s, increasing public concern about the role of money in politics led to

(1) All candidates receiving an equal amount of money

(2) A ban on all private campaign contributions

(3) Attempts to reform campaign financing

(4) The widespread defeat of incumbent congressional candidates

104. The federal government responded to the 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon by

(1) Creating a cabinet-level agency for homeland security

(2) Deporting most illegal aliens

(3) Decreasing defense spending

(4) Expanding the civil liberties of American citizens

[pic]

105. Which conclusion about life expectancy at age 65 is most clearly supported by the information in the graph?

(1) Life expectancies for men and women are likely to remain the same.

(2) Life expectancy rates for men show a steady decline since 1980.

(3) By 2040, the life expectancy of men will exceed that of women.

(4) Current life expectancy exceeds age 80 for both men and women.

106. The changes shown between 1940 and 2000 are most likely the result of the

(1) Reduction in warfare

(2) Improvements in modern medicine

(3) Increase in the number of immigrants

(4) Decrease in obesity rates

…There may come a time when we elect a president at age 45 or 50, and then 20 years later the country comes up with the same sort of problems that the president faced before and the people would like to bring that man or woman back, and they’d have no ability to do so. I’d kind of like to see it changed. I don’t have terribly strong feelings about it…

~ President Bill Clinton, A Conversation with Former President Bill Clinton, John F. Kennedy Library and Foundation, May 28, 2003

107. In this statement, President Clinton is commenting on the

(1) Presidential primaries

(2) Presidential two-term limit

(3) Two-party political system

(4) Electoral College system

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108. Data from this graph support the conclusion that between 1992 and 2000

(1) The Democrats lost more votes to third-party candidates than the Republicans did

(2) Third-party candidates received less support in each succeeding presidential election

(3) Less than 50 percent of eligible voters participated in elections

(4) The Republicans received more than 40 million votes in each election

109. Cultural pluralism in American society is best characterized by the

(1) Existence of ethnic diversity within the population

(2) Failure of many immigrants to vote in elections

(3) Rejection of United States citizenship by most immigrants

(4) Flow of illegal immigrants into California

[pic]

110. The cartoon is most closely associated with the controversy over the

(1) Watergate affair

(2) War on drugs

(3) Arab-Israeli conflict

(4) Iran hostage crisis

111. Frederick Douglass, Malcolm X, and Jesse Jackson are each well known for

(1) Helping to end slavery

(2) Working for African American rights

(3) Organizing the Underground Railroad

(4) Supporting Jim Crow laws

[pic]

112. A conclusion best supported by the information in this graph is that the United States

(1) Is more efficient and less wasteful than other nations

(2) Shows great concern for lesser-developed countries

(3) Consumes several times the world average of many resources

(4) Spends more than other nations on environmental protection

113. The Camp David Accords negotiated by President Jimmy Carter were important because they

(1) Reduced tensions in the Middle East

(2) Renewed diplomatic relations between the United States and China

(3) Slowed the pace of the nuclear arms race

(4) Provided for cooperation with the Soviet Union in the exploration of outer space

114. The Supreme Court decisions in New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) and Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995) show that

(1) A student’s right to privacy is limited under certain conditions

(2) Prayer in public schools must be limited

(3) Racially segregated schools are unconstitutional

(4) A student has no guaranteed rights while in school

[pic]

115. The cartoon refers to the idea that most candidates for the presidency try to

(1) Win the majority of popular votes nationwide

(2) Campaign equally in all states

(3) Win the electoral vote in certain key states

(4) Gain the support of first-time voters

[pic]

116. According to this cartoonist, the problem faced by these college graduates was mainly the result of

(1) Slow economic growth

(2) Prohibition

(3) The Great Depression

(4) High rates of inflation

[pic]

117. The cartoonist is directing criticism at the

(1) Use of unskilled workers

(2) Government policy toward illegal immigrants

(3) Poor quality of domestic textiles

(4) Use of nonunion labor in the workplace

118. One similarity in the policies of President Herbert Hoover and President Ronald Reagan is that both supported

(1) A reduction of military spending

(2) The end of Social Security

(3) Appointment of a woman to the Supreme Court

(4) Economic changes favoring big business

120. Evidence that the United States has become more economically interdependent since 1990 is shown by its

(1) Participation in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

(2) Change from a service economy to a manufacturing economy

(3) Increased dependence on domestic farm products

(4) Policy of restricting imports

121. Which federal government program has been most affected by the longer life expectancy of people in the United States?

(1) Medicare

(2) Americans with Disabilities Act

(3) War on Poverty

(4) No Child Left Behind Act

122. Which event led to the other three?

(1) United States overthrow of the Taliban in Afghanistan

(2) Passage of the Patriot Act

(3) September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks against the United States

(4) Creation of the Department of Homeland Security

[pic]

123. The conflict that was the focus of the cartoon involved President Richard Nixon’s attempt to

(1) Increase the number of troops in Vietnam

(2) Withhold evidence in the Watergate scandal

(3) Impose mandatory wage and price controls

(4) Improve relations with the People’s Republic of China

124. The cartoon illustrates the constitutional principle of

(1) Federalism

(2) Checks and balances

(3) Representative government

(4) Civilian control of the military

125. The Camp David Accords and the Persian Gulf War both show the desire of the United States to

(1) Create stability in the Middle East

(2) Expand trade with Asian nations

(3) Maintain friendly relations with Europe

(4) Provide economic stability in Latin America

126. The economic policies of President Ronald Reagan (1981–1989) and President George W. Bush (2001–present) are similar in that both

(1) Balanced the federal budget

(2) Expanded welfare programs to end poverty

(3) Used tax cuts to encourage economic growth

(4) Decreased military spending

127. Since the 1990s, the primary issue concerning the health care system in the United States has been the

(1) Increasing cost of medical care

(2) Shortage of prescription drugs

(3) Safety of medical procedures

(4) Reorganization of hospitals

128. • Announcement of Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)

• Operation Desert Storm (1991)

• Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003 – present)

These events involve attempts by the United States to

(1) Protect human rights in Europe

(2) Protect its interests in the Middle East

(3) Deliver humanitarian aid to Africa

(4) Contain the spread of communism in Asia

129. A major goal of the women’s movement over the past twenty years has been to gain

(1) Full property rights

(2) The right to vote

(3) Equal economic opportunity

(4) Better access to Social Security

130. One similarity shared by President Andrew Johnson and President Bill Clinton is that both

(1) Served only one term as president

(2) Were impeached but not convicted

(3) Had no vice president

(4) Came to office after the death of a president

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131. Which issue is the central focus of this cartoon drawn after September 11, 2001?

(1) Is there a need to give up some civil liberties to protect the nation?

(2) Should the United States reduce oil imports from the Middle East?

(3) Does the United States need fewer limits on immigration?

(4) Should the United States abandon the Constitution?

132. A major policy of President Ronald Reagan’s administration was to

(1) Reduce defense spending

(2) Lower federal income tax rates

(3) End desegregation of public facilities

(4) Promote regulation of small businesses

133. “Gorbachev Proposes Nuclear Arms Reductions”

“Berliners Travel Freely Between East and West”

“Russia Seeks To Join NATO”

These headlines are most closely associated with the

(1) Military arms race

(2) Decline of Cold War hostilities

(3) Failures of the containment policy

(4) Successes of communism in the Soviet Union

134. The federal government enforced the antitrust laws in court cases against Northern Securities Company, AT&T, and Microsoft in an effort to

(1) Increase business competition

(2) Nationalize important industries

(3) Improve public trust in corporate leaders

(4) Generate more investment capital

135. The United States intervened in Haiti and Bosnia during the 1990s to

(1) Gain access to new markets

(2) Acquire colonies for an economic empire

(3) Stop conflicts within those nations

(4) Disrupt international drug trafficking

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136. Information provided by the graph shows that between 1988 and 1993, there was an increased need for candidates of major political parties to win the support of

(1) Ethnic minorities

(2) Senior citizens

(3) Independent voters

(4) The labor vote

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Word Bank: Cold War, African-American, Global warming, North American Free Trade Agreement, Service, Baby Boomers, Office of Homeland Security, Electoral Votes, Americans with Disabilities Act, Watergate

1- The last years of Reagan’s Presidency saw the beginning of an end to the _________. The economic failures of Communism forced Soviet leaders to introduce new reforms. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev agreed to withdraw troops from Afghanistan and to allow a peaceful transition to democracy in Eastern Europe. Reagan and Gorbachev held a series of summit conferences, and signed an agreement to dismantle thousands of nuclear missiles.

2- Reagan’s Vice President, George H.W. Bush, campaigned in the 1988 election on a promise to continue Reagan’s policies, but with an emphasis on improving education, fighting drug use, and greater compassion for the poor and the disadvantaged. In 1990, Bush signed the _____________ prohibiting discrimination against people with disabilities in the areas of employment and public accommodations. Bush’s greatest domestic challenge was to reduce the growing budget deficit.

3- President Clinton pushed the _____________ (NAFTA) through Congress. First proposed during the Bush Administration, it created a trade association between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. NAFTA is a free trade association and has eliminated most tariffs and other trade barriers on products and services passing between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

4- The most dramatic event of George W. Bush’s presidency occurred on September 11, 2001 when terrorists from the radical Islamic al-Qaeda network hijacked U.S. airliners and crashed them into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center. About three thousand people were killed. Bush immediately declared a “War on Terrorism.” Federal agents replaced private security agents at U.S. airports and the ___________ was created. When the Taliban government of Afghanistan refused to hand over al-Qaeda’s leader, Osama bin Laden, the U.S. invaded Afghanistan. This action led to the overthrow of the Taliban, and to the destruction of terrorist bases there.

5- The United States, like all nations, has faced environmental problems. Some of these problems include: __________ – some pollutants in the atmosphere prevent heat from escaping into space and this greenhouse effect may permanently raise temperatures enough to cause farmland to become desert, or polar ices to melt, raising ocean levels

6- Americans are living longer. Medical advances have increased the number of people who live into their 70s and 80s. As the “_________” (those born between 1945 and 1965) begin to retire, there is concern that the Social Security system will not have enough money to fund their retirements.

7- The United States began as an agricultural nation and then evolved to an industrial power. In the last fifty years, however, the nation has been shifting from an industrial economy to a “post-industrial” or _________ economy. Americans are now more likely to work as salespeople, computer programmers, bank tellers or teachers than as factory workers. Much of the increased productivity of the economy in the 1990s was due to computers. The Internet, a worldwide linking of computers, makes it easier to communicate and find information.

8- The inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th president of the United States was of great significance in American history – President Obama was the first ___________ president in the nation’s history. President Obama has had to address economic and domestic concerns. He has also reformed health care. In 2009, President Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize “for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples.”

9- In 1972, a group of former CIA agents, working for Nixon’s re-election, were caught breaking into Democratic Party headquarters at the __________ complex in Washington, D.C. Nixon tried to cover up an investigation of the break-in on the grounds of national security. In Senate hearings, it was revealed that Nixon secretly recorded all his White House conversations. When the Senate Committee asked to hear the tapes, Nixon refused, claiming executive privilege. The Supreme Court ruled that Nixon must turn over the tapes, reaffirming the principle that no one is above the law. The tapes revealed that Nixon had lied when he said he was not involved in the cover-up. Fearing impeachment, Nixon became the first President ever to resign.

10- The 2000 election proved the closest in U.S. history. On election night it was clear that Al Gore had carried the Northeast (except New Hampshire) and Pacific Coast and scattered states in the Midwest. He was ahead in the popular and electoral votes, but three states were too close to call – Oregon, New Mexico, and Florida. George W. Bush, son of former President H.W. Bush, had won the entire South and many states in the Mountain West and the large states of Missouri, Ohio, and Indiana. Finally, the election depended on who carried Florida and its 25 electoral votes. On November 8, Bush led in Florida by 1,784 votes. However, a recount of machine-cast votes cut the lead to 327. There appeared to be some irregularities in ballot design and punching of ballots. The two candidates then resorted to lawsuits to seek recounts or to block them as seemed best for their side. The Florida Supreme Court became involved. Finally, the U.S. Supreme Court took the case on December 12 voted 5 – 4 in Bush v. Gore to end the Florida recount. In effect, this gave Florida’s __________ to Bush, for a total of 271 to Gore’s 266. Thus, Bush was elected president although Gore had won the popular vote. Gore conceded the election. After five weeks of uncertainty, the nation had a new president. The Court’s decision was accepted.

(

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22. The main purpose of this cartoon is to point out that

(1) Global warming is a proven theory

(2) Additional oil supplies must be located

(3) Individuals contribute to environmental problems

(4) Prosperity depends on increased sales of automobiles

54. Which statement most accurately expresses the main idea of this cartoon?

(1) Rising farm costs are reducing profits.

(2) Foreign competition has driven up farm costs.

(3) Farm production is failing to keep pace with demand.

(4) Farmers are losing profits due to drought.

56. Which statement best describes the main idea of the cartoon?

(1) Iraq is using terrorism to end American military occupation.

(2) Iraq is rejecting help from the United States against terrorists.

(3) The United States and terrorists are competing to influence Iraq.

(4) Iraq is catching up to the United States in the war on terror.

137. The point of view expressed in this cartoon is that

(1) President and Mrs. Clinton have made Chicago their new home

(2) President Clinton supports adoption over abortion

(3) Republican issues should not be part of the Democratic National Convention

(4) Democrats sometimes support traditionally Republican issues

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