Population Growth



The Human Population

Human Population Growth

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Figure 1: Human Population Growth over Time

Factors affecting human population:

Fertility: Births

Total Fertility: Average number of children a woman has (developing world as high as 6.8; developed world as low and < 1)

TFR worldwide 1960: 5 2012: 2.5

Replacement Level Fertility: number of children a couple has in order to replace themselves (theoretically: 2 for 2)

Developed World: 2.1

Developing World: 2.5 – 3.3 (

Mortality: Deaths

Infant Mortality Rate: number of babies that die before their 1st birthday

Life Expectancy: average number of years an infant can expect to live





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Fertility Rate and Overpopulation and Poverty…

Demographics: Population Pyramids or Age Structure Diagrams

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Demographic Transition: Process that has occurred during the last century, leading to a stabilization of population growth in more highly developed countries.

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BIRTH RATE DEATH RATE Pop. Growth

Stage 1: HIGH HIGH SLOW

Stage 2: HIGH DECLINING RAPID

Stage 3: DECLINING DECLINING SLOWING DOWN

Stage 4: LOW LOW ZPG/NEGATIVE

Projected future growth curve

(most closely resembles an “S” shaped curve)

Click on image to enlarge

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Figure 7: Projected World Population Growth

The AIDS factor…

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Figure 8.

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