Newton’s Laws of Motion Notes
|Term |Definition or Information |Examples/Diagrams |
|Sir Isaac Newton |figured out three basic laws that explain common forces and how |[pic] |
| |they interact to produce motion | |
|First Law |an object will remain at rest or move with a constant speed unless|[pic] |
|(Law of Inertia) |a force is applied | |
|Second Law (Law of |an object acted upon by a force will accelerate in the direction |Force = mass x acceleration |
|Momentum) |of the force |or |
| |The larger the net force, the |F = ma |
| |greater the acceleration. | |
| |An object’s mass and acceleration | |
| |are inversely related: the greater | |
| |the mass, the lower the | |
| |acceleration. | |
|Third Law |---for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction | |
| |The forces on the wall and the ice skater are equal in size and | |
| |opposite in direction. Although there are two objects involved, | |
| |each object exerts one force and experiences one force. The wall | |
| |does not move because it has a lot of inertia. | |
| |When the fuel burns, the engine exerts a downward force on the | |
| |exhaust gases. The gases exert an equal and opposite upward force | |
| |on the rocket. | |
| |When a swimmer pushes against the water (action), the water pushes| |
| |against the swimmer (reaction). The reaction force pushes the | |
| |swimmer forward. | |
| | | |
| | | |
|force |push or pull; usually more than one force is acting on an object |[pic] |
|net force |sum of all the forces acting on the object | |
|balanced forces |forces that are equal in size and opposite in direction |[pic] |
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| |[pic] | |
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|unbalanced forces |two or more forces acting on an object that do not cancel, and | |
| |cause the object to accelerate | |
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| |[pic] | |
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|friction |force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching |[pic] |
| |each other | |
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|inertia |natural tendency of an object to resist any changes in motion |[pic] |
| |(depends on mass) | |
| |The greater the mass of an object, the more inertia it has. When | |
| |inertia becomes greater, it becomes more difficult to slow down, | |
| |speed up, or change the direction of a moving object. It is also | |
| |harder to make an object with greater inertia start moving if it | |
| |is at rest. | |
|velocity |the rate of motion (speed/direction) |[pic] |
|terminal velocity |It is reached when the force of gravity is balanced by air |[pic] |
| |resistance. Air resistance depends on size and shape of the | |
| |object. Air resistance is the force air exerts on a moving | |
| |object. This force acts in the opposite direction to that of the | |
| |object’s motion. In the case of a falling object, air resistance | |
| |pushes up as gravity pulls down. | |
|speed |rate of motion or rate of change in position |S = d / t |
| | |or Speed = distance/time |
| | | |
|distance |--how far one object moved away from the starting point |[pic] |
|(displacement) |---direction in straight line (not time) | |
| |**travel time to the store is different than the actual distance |---runner runs 400m around the track and back to the starting |
| |to the store in a straight line (GPS) |point—the displacement is zero |
| | |---people were displaced after Katrina |
| | |---water displacement |
| |distance= speed X time (d = vt) | |
| |[pic] | |
|acceleration |rate of change in velocity |[pic] |
|weight (gravitational |measure of the force of gravity on an object, usually the force |[pic] |
|force) |between Earth and an object at its surface | |
|momentum |--a property a moving object has due to its mass and velocity |momentum=mass x velocity |
| |--momentum of an object doesn’t change unless its mass, or |( p=m ( v ) |
| |velocity, or both, change | |
| |--Momentum can be transferred from one object to another. | |
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