Linxia-EMDP-EN-20140924



Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Linxia Subproject of the World Bank-financed Gansu Rural-Urban Integration Infrastructure Project

Linxia County Government (LCG)

Linxia PMO

National Research Center for Resettlement, Hohai University

September 2014

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Background of the Subproject 1

1.2 Components 2

1.3 Objectives of the EMDP 2

1.4 Ethnic Minority Development Objectives of the Subproject 2

1.5 Research Methods 2

2. Overview of Ethnic Minorities in the Subproject Area 3

2.1 Population 3

2.1.1 Overview of the project area minorities 3

2.2.2 Project Impact minority situation 3

2.2 Religious Believes and Cultural Overview 8

2.3 Socioeconomic Profile 10

2.3.1 Economy 10

2.3.2 Education 11

2.3.3 Poverty 12

2.3.4 Traffic Modes 12

2.4 Prevailing Ethnic Minority Policy Framework 12

3. Overview of Social Assessment 15

3.1 Purpose, Methods and Process of SA 15

3.1.1 Purpose of SA 15

3.1.2 Methods of SA 15

3.1.3 SA Process 16

3.2 Impacts of the Subproject on Ethnic Minorities 16

3.2.1 Positive Impacts 17

3.2.2 Potential Risks 17

3.3 Social Gender and Development 18

3.3.1 Local Women’s Development 18

3.3.2 Impacts of the Subproject on Women 19

3.4 Key Suggestions from SA 19

4. Public Participation and Consultation 21

4.1 Early-stage Participation Process 21

4.2 Outcomes of Community Participation 22

4.3 Participation Plan for the Implementation Stage 22

4.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism 22

5. Action Plan 24

5.1 Measures to Protect Ethnic Minorities’ Interests 24

5.2 Implementing Agency and Schedule 25

5.2.1 Implementing Agency and Capacity Building 25

5.2.2 Implementation Schedule 26

5.3 Financial Budget 26

6. Monitoring and Evaluation 29

Appendix 1 Breakdown of Directly Affected Minority Population (Units: person, %) 30

Appendix 2 Prevailing Ethnic Minority Policy Framework 32

Appendix 3 Summary of Early-stage Participation Activities 34

Appendix 4 Outcomes of Early-stage Public Participation 35

Appendix 5 Participation Plan for the Implementation Stage 35

Appendix 6 Fieldwork Photos 37

List of Tables

Table2- 1 Population of Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Subproject Area by Ethnic Group (0,000 people, %) 3

Table2- 2 Breakdown of Directly Affected Minority Population (Units: person, %) 5

Table2- 3 Economic Indicators of Gansu Province, Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Townships in the Subproject Area 11

Table2- 4 Educational Levels of Gansu Province, Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Subproject Area (%) 11

Table2- 5 Educational Levels by Ethnic Group (%) 11

Table2- 6 Traffic Modes by Ethnic Group (%) 12

Table 5-1 Key Persons Responsible of the PMO and Contact Information 25

Table 5-2 Implementation Schedule 26

Table 5-3 Ethnic Minority Development Action Plan 27

Table 6-1 Terms of Reference for Monitoring and Evaluation 29

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Location Map of the Subproject 1

Figure2- 1 Hand-drawn Noodles, Hui Women, Mosque and Fast-Breaking Festival in the Subproject Area 10

Figure2- 2 Poverty Incidences by Ethnic Group (%) 12

Figure 3-1 SA Flowchart 16

Figure 3-2 Educational Levels by Gender 18

Abbreviations

|EMDP |- |Ethnic Minority Development Plan |

|FGD |- |Focus Group Discussion |

|HD |- |House Demolition |

|LA |- |Land Acquisition |

|M&E |- |Monitoring and Evaluation |

|PMO |- |Project Management Office |

|SA |- |Social Assessment |

Units

Currency unit = Yuan (RMB)

US$1.00 = RMB6.33

1 hectare = 15 mu

1. Introduction

1.1 Background of the Subproject

The Linxia Subproject of the World Bank-financed Gansu Rural-Urban Integration Infrastructure Project (hereinafter, the “Subproject”) involves the construction or reconstruction of 9 roads, and associated bridges, culverts, drainage, lighting, landscaping, and traffic safety and management facilities, as well as capacity building.

Linxia County is a highly underdeveloped minority area in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, and a state-level key county for poverty reduction. The Subproject has been included in the plan of World Bank-financed alternative projects (2013-2015) by the National Development and Reform Commission, and approved by the State Council. The gross investment in the Subproject is CNY621.5031 million, equivalent to USD100.3833 million[1], including a Bank loan of USD50 million (equivalent to CNY309.565 million, 49.81% of gross investment), and local counterpart funds of CNY50.3833 million (equivalent to CNY311.9381 million, 50.19% of gross investment).

The Subproject aims to connect urban and rural areas organically to form a sound road network, disperse urban transit traffic to destinations quickly, mitigate traffic congestion in the county town, improve rural traffic conditions, and promote the economic and social development of Linxia County.

[pic]

Figure 1-1 Location Map of the Subproject

1.2 Components

The Subproject consists of 9 components, including 5 rural roads and 4 urban roads, which are:

(1) Longquan-Dacaotan Class-3 highway reconstruction;

(2) Mama Class-3 highway reconstruction;

(3) Hangou Class-3 highway reconstruction;

(4) Zhangwo Class-4 highway reconstruction

(5) Beixiaoyuan-Lianhua Wharf Class-3 highway construction;

(6) Binhe Road reconstruction in the county town;

(7) Maoniu Road construction;

(8) Express Passage-Yinji Town road construction; and

(9) Express Passage-Xinji Town road construction

The 9 roads have a total length of 91.708km, including 4 urban roads with a total length of 17.078km and 5 rural roads with a total length of 74.63km. See Figure 1-1.

1.3 Objectives of the EMDP

This EMDP is prepared to encourage ethnic minorities to participate in subproject preparation and implementation, ensure that they benefit from the Subproject, mitigate their poverty, and minimize negative impacts on them. This EMDP outlines the demographic, social and cultural features of the local ethnic minorities, their needs for the Subproject, the Subproject’s impacts on them, and measures to ensure that they benefit equally and mitigate adverse impacts.

1.4 Ethnic Minority Development Objectives of the Subproject

The direct beneficiary area of the Subproject is 58 villages in 15 townships (Monigou Xiang, Maji Town, Manisigou Xiang, Diaoqi Xiang, Yinji Town, Anjiapo Xiang, Hexi Xiang, Qiaosi Xiang, Nanyuan Xiang, Lianhua Town, Zhangzigou Xiang, Hanji Town, Hongtai Xiang, Yingtan Xiang and Xinji Town) in Linxia County, and direct beneficiary population is 113,890, in which minority population accounts for 57.46%. The population affected by LA and/or HD for the Subproject is 6,482, in which minority population (3,001) accounts for 46.30%.

The ethnic minority development objectives of the Subproject are: (1) providing all subproject information, conducting adequate consultation, and respecting their needs in ways suited to their traditions and customs; (2) incorporating their needs into the subproject design; and (3) taking measures to minimize the Subproject’s potential negative impacts and social risks on them, and enhance their opportunities to benefit from the Subproject in ways acceptable to them.

1.5 Research Methods

In order to prepare this EMDP, the PMO, EMDP preparation team and SA team conducted a series of public participation activities during August 14-22, 2013, including a questionnaire survey (360 copies in total, in which 350 copies are valid, including 157 minority copies, accounting for 44.86%), 45 village-level FGDs with 225 participants (including 45 women and 90 minority people), 27 key informant interviews, 52 in-depth interviews (involving 31 minority people and 21 women), and 4 stakeholder discussions held.

Overview of Ethnic Minorities in the Subproject Area

2.1 Population

2.1.1 Overview of the project area minorities

The Subproject will affect 58 administrative villages in 15 townships in Linxia County directly. At the end of 2012, the subproject area had a population of 113,890, including a Han population of 50,049, accounting for 43.95%; a Hui population of population of 56,532, accounting for 49.64%; a Dongxiang population of 6,498, accounting for 5.7%; a Salar population of 469, accounting for 0.42%, and a population of other ethnic minorities of population of 342, accounting for 0.3%. In the subproject area, minority population accounts for 57.46% of gross population, and this percentage is higher than that of Linxia County (41.74%) by 13.97 percentage points. This also shows that in the subproject area, ethnic minorities are affected more seriously by the Subproject. See Table 2-1 and Appendix 1 for details.

Table2- 1 Population of Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Subproject Area by Ethnic Group (0,000 people, %)

|Division |Population |Han |Hui |

|China |10.10:45.30:44.60 |38363.52 |7917 |

|Gansu Province |13.80:46.00:40.20 |21920.82 |4506.7 |

|Linxia Prefecture |21.13:35.70:48.30 |7064 |3167 |

|Linxia County |26.77:15.55:57.68 |5740 |3165 |

|Subproject area |/ |/ |/ |

|Monigou Xiang |/ |/ |2351 |

|Maji Town |/ |/ |2871 |

|Manisigou Xiang |/ |/ |2381 |

|Diaoqi Xiang |/ |/ |2898 |

|Yinji Town |/ |/ |3247 |

|Anjiapo Xiang |/ |/ |3770 |

|Hexi Xiang |/ |/ |3585 |

|Qiaosi Xiang |/ |/ |3732 |

|Nanyuan Xiang |/ |/ |3350 |

|Lianhua Town |/ |/ |3850 |

|Zhangzigou Xiang |/ |/ |2280 |

|Hongtai Xiang |/ |/ |2905 |

|Yingtan Xiang |/ |/ |2410 |

|Xinji Town |/ |/ |2957 |

Source: National Economic Statistical Bulletin of Gansu Province (2012); Linxia Prefecture Statistical Handbook (2012); National Economic Statistical Bulletin of Linxia County (2012)

2.3.2 Education

In the subproject area, preschool education is almost absent, and minority people pay little attention to the education of children, especially girls. This is partly attributed to Islamic restrictions, and the backward educational infrastructure and insufficient teaching staff in the subproject area. See Table 2-4.

Table2- 4 Educational Levels of Gansu Province, Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Subproject Area (%)

|Division |Illiterate |Primary school |Junior high school |Senior high school or |

| | | | |above |

|China |4.08 |27.57 |41.41 |26.94 |

|Linxia County |4.74 |56.82 |26.2 |12.24 |

|Subproject area |6.3 |51.4 |28 |14.3 |

Note: Statistical Yearbook 2012 of China; National Economic Statistical Bulletin of Linxia County (2012); and socioeconomic survey

On the other hand, the SA survey shows that the overall educational level of the local Han people is better than that of minority people, especially in terms of the percentage of senior high school or above education. There is little difference in overall educational level among the ethnic minorities. See Table 2-5.

Table2- 5 Educational Levels by Ethnic Group (%)

|Ethnic group |Illiterate |Primary school |Junior high school |Senior high school or above |

|Han |5.1 |48.9 |21.7 |23.4 |

|Hui |7.3 |56.2 |25.1 |11.4 |

|Dongxiang |8.9 |53.4 |29.6 |8.1 |

|Salar |33.3 |33.3 |33.3 |0 |

Source: socioeconomic survey results

2.3.3 Poverty

The poverty incidence of the Hui people in the subproject area differs slightly from that of Han people, being 45.18% and 46.44% respectively. See Figure 2-1.

The main causes of poverty of the local minority population are: ①harsh natural conditions and fragile ecological environment; ②inability of surplus rural labor to shift to nonagricultural sectors; ③poor infrastructure, especially traffic infrastructure, restricting the outward transport of farm and sideline products, and information and cultural communications with the outside; and ④backward education and conservative thoughts.

[pic]

Figure2- 2 Poverty Incidences by Ethnic Group (%)

2.3.4 Traffic Modes

Traffic conditions would affect people’s traffic modes. The socioeconomic survey shows that among the Hui sample households, the top 3 traffic modes are motorcycle (50.8%), bus (17.1%) and walk (16.1%), as is the same for the Dongxiang sample households (see Table 2-6).

It is learned that less than 30% of local residents take buses, mainly because the existing local bus routes are fixed ones between townships and the county town, there are few bus routes among townships, waiting times are long, and bus fares are high. For this reason, local residents mostly choose to travel by motorcycle, bicycle or walk, and the percentage of those traveling by motorcycle is very high.

Table2- 6 Traffic Modes by Ethnic Group (%)

|Ethnic group |Motorcycle |Bus |Walk |Bicycle |Electric cart |Private car |Taxi |

|Dongxiang |42.6 |25.8 |19.2 |7.7 |4.7 |0 |0 |

Source: socioeconomic survey

2.4 Prevailing Ethnic Minority Policy Framework

This EMDP has been prepared in accordance with the state laws and regulations, and provincial regulations on ethnic minorities, and the Bank’s policies on Indigenous Peoples (OP4.10 and BP4.10) and involuntary resettlement (OP4.12 and BP4.12). See Appendix 2 for details.

The Bank’s policy on Indigenous Peoples aims to ensure that the development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of Indigenous Peoples.

(1) The Bank recognizes that the identities and cultures of Indigenous Peoples are inextricably linked to the lands on which they live and the natural resources on which they depend. These distinct circumstances expose Indigenous Peoples to different types of risks and levels of impacts from development projects, including loss of identity, culture, and customary livelihoods, as well as exposure to disease. Gender and intergenerational issues among Indigenous Peoples also are complex. As social groups with identities that are often distinct from dominant groups in their national societies, Indigenous Peoples are frequently among the most marginalized and vulnerable segments of the population. As a result, their economic, social, and legal status often limits their capacity to defend their interests in and rights to lands, territories, and other productive resources, and/or restricts their ability to participate in and benefit from development. At the same time, the Bank recognizes that Indigenous Peoples play a vital role in sustainable development and that their rights are increasingly being addressed under both domestic and international law.

(2) Bank-financed projects include measures to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects on the Indigenous Peoples’ communities; or (b) when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects. Bank-financed projects are also designed to ensure that the Indigenous Peoples receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate and gender and inter-generationally inclusive.

(3) When a project affects Indigenous Peoples, the TT assists the borrower in carrying out free, prior, and informed consultation with affected communities about the proposed project throughout the project cycle. At all stages of the project, the parties consulted have prior access to information on the intent and scope of the proposed project in a culturally appropriate manner. It shall also be determined that if the affected communities give broad support to the project based on the SA and consultation process.

(4) The EMDP should be flexible and practical, and include the following: legal and institutional framework suited to ethnic minorities; information on demographic, social, cultural and political features of affected communities, ancestral territories owned, used or occupied by them, and natural resources on which they live; a summary of SA; a summary of free, prior, and informed consultation results in affected communities at the preparation stage, which has gained broad community support for the project; a framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with affected communities during project implementation; an action plan for ensuring that ethnic minorities receive culturally appropriate social and economic interests; after potential negative impacts on ethnic minorities have been determined, an appropriate action plan that avoids, minimizes or mitigates, or compensate for such impacts; the financial budget and financing plan for the EMDP; a procedure for addressing appeals from minority communities arising from project implementation; and an M&E and reporting mechanism, and indicator system suitable for the implementation of the EMDP.

The state policies and regulations on ethnic minorities are consistent with the Bank’s policies on indigenous peoples, namely fully respecting the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of ethnic minorities, laying stress on their equality and development, and giving special concern for their economic, social and cultural programs to protect their rights and interests, and improve their social and economic status.

Both state and Bank policies attach importance to the public participation and consultation, and action planning of minority communities. At the preparation, implementation and M&E stages, all project information will be provided to ethnic minorities in a culturally appropriate manner, their opinions, attitudes and expectations collected actively to win their extensive support, and potential negative impacts on them avoided, minimized or mitigated. This requires that special attention be paid to women, the poor and other vulnerable groups so that they can benefit from the project.

Overview of Social Assessment

The Subproject aims to promote urban and rural integration, accelerate new countryside building and the construction of rural infrastructure, improve people’s living standard, expand the coverage of the urban infrastructure and public services, and build Linxia Prefecture into a production base of halal food and ethnic necessities, and a Tibetan-style tourist attraction.

3.1 Purpose, Methods and Process of SA

3.1.1 Purpose of SA

The SA aims to learn the expectations and needs of the groups affecting or affected by the Subproject through in-depth, systematic research, and develop a series of measures at the design and implementation stages to ensure the extensive participation of stakeholders (especially the poor, ethnic minorities and women), enhance their opportunities to benefit from the Subproject, and avoid or mitigate the Subproject’s adverse impacts.

3.1.2 Methods of SA

The main methods of SA are as follows:

1. Literature review: Learning the socioeconomic profile of the subproject area by referring to the proposal, feasibility study report, statistical yearbooks and reports, national economic development plans, and work summaries of departments concerned

2. Questionnaire survey: The directly affected area includes 58 villages in 15 townships of Linxia County, and the questionnaire survey was conducted in 18 villages, with 360 copies distributed and 350 valid copies recovered, with a recovery rate of 97.2%. The survey was designed to learn traffic modes of residents (including women, and residents of different economic levels and ethnic groups), their comments on the local traffic infrastructure, suggestions on traffic improvement, and needs for the Subproject.

3. FGD: During the field survey, FGDs were held with heads and staff members of 18 agencies, including the Linxia PMO, poverty reduction office, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, county women’s federation, transport bureau, etc., collecting baseline data related to the Subproject. The SA team held 27 FGDs with ordinary residents (not less than 30% being women), old people, and vulnerable groups (mainly including ethnic minorities, the poor, MLS households and the disabled) to learn the Subproject’s impacts on them, and their attitudes to and suggestions on traffic conditions, management and safety in detail.

4. In-depth interview: 52 in-depth interviews were conducted in the subproject area, including 30 minority people (57.69%) and 23 women (44.23%) to learn local residents’ production and living conditions, the Subproject’s impacts on them, and their attitudes to the Subproject.

5. Key informant interview: 28 key informant interviews were conducted with heads of township governments, village committees, county women’s federation, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, civil affairs bureau, labor and social security bureau, education bureau, transport bureau, agriculture bureau, etc. to learn their comments and suggestions on the Subproject.

6. Participatory observation: Through the participatory observation of the affected villages, the local economic, social, cultural and ecological conditions, the traffic behavior and patterns of local residents, and the Subproject’s possible impacts can be further learned, thereby providing an objective basis for optimizing the subproject design.

3.1.3 SA Process

The SA process of the Subproject consists of the preliminary preparation, fieldwork, data analysis, and report preparation and revision stages, as shown in Figure 3-1.

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Figure 3-1 SA Flowchart

3.2 Impacts of the Subproject on Ethnic Minorities

The SA team has analyzed the Subproject’s positive and negative impacts on local minority residents both qualitatively and quantitatively by means of questionnaire survey, interview, FGD and stakeholder discussion.

3.2.1 Positive Impacts

1. The Subproject will help improve the traffic infrastructure construction of Linxia County, save traffic times and costs for minority residents, and make them go shopping, see a doctor, go to school and participate in social activities very easily.

2. Reduce the incidence of traffic accidents and improve the traffic safety of minority residents. The questionnaire survey shows that 57% of minority residents choose motorcycle as their first traffic mode. It is learned from the county traffic police brigade that about 80% of traffic accidents in Linxia County are caused by motorcycles. The Subproject will reduce traffic accidents by improving pavement conditions, and providing traffic safety warning signs, deceleration strips, etc.

3. Improve the traffic and living environment. Pavement hardening will reduce dust pollution, and the provision of alley trees will reduce dust and noise pollution effectively. Together with road cleaning, this will improve the traffic and living environment of minority residents greatly, thereby improving their quality of life.

4. The Subproject will generate some unskilled jobs and increase the income of local residents, such as building material haulage and cooking; at the operation stage, local minority residents may do such jobs as road maintenance, landscaping and cleaning.

5. The Subproject will facilitate the outward transport of farm and industrial products, increase purchase prices of farm products, and reduce transport costs of local enterprises, thereby increasing the agricultural and employment income of minority residents.

6. After the completion of the Subproject, minority residents will enjoy more smooth connections with the outside, and minority women will have more nonagricultural job opportunities and higher social status.

3.2.2 Potential Risks

1. Dust, noise and waste generated during construction will affect the local environment and result in traffic inconvenience temporarily for minority residents. Construction vehicles, solid waste and wastewater may threaten the personal safety of local minority residents especially old people, children and pregnant women.

2. Some minority residents will be affected by LA and/or HD in the Subproject, and faced with such social risks as loss of land or home, unemployment, marginalization and social organization disintegration. Too low compensation rates, untimely and non-transparent disbursement of compensation fees, and irrational resettlement modes may result in dissatisfaction by minority residents, thereby affecting the successful implementation of the Subproject.

The infrastructure and ground attachments affected by the Subproject mainly include 156 telegraph poles, 3697 fruit trees, 14390timber trees, 38tombs, etc. All the 6 collective tombs are Hui tombs, and all the 32 personal tombs are Han tombs. Details are as follows:

1) Among the tombs affected by the Mama highway component, two are in Dongshan Village (personal) and one in Zhonglu Village (collective); 2) Among the tombs affected by the Beixiaoyuan-Lianhua Wharf highway component, one is in Zhangjia Village, one in Majia Village, one in Gazhuang Village and one in Hejia Village, all being collective tombs; 3) All tombs affected by the Express Passage-Xinji Town road component are personal tombs, all located in Gucheng Village, Xinji Town.

Trees, tombs and other ground attachments affected by the Subproject will be compensated for at replacement cost. There are 38 tombs in the subproject area, mostly in Gucheng Village, Xinji Town (30), with the remaining in Manisigou and Hexi Xiangs. Due to permanent LA, these tombs will be relocated. Collective tombs (Hui people) will be relocated under the unified leadership of village mosques and in strict conformity with Islamic customs; personal tombs (Han people) will be relocated by Han households to contracted woodland. See the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the Subproject for details of tomb relocation.

3. During and after construction, construction and migrant workers of different ethnic groups will come to Linxia County. Since their dietary and living customs may differ greatly from the local ethnic minorities, conflicts may arise.

4. There are 12 mosques close to the subproject roads. During construction, religious activities of minority residents will be affected to some extent, especially noise pollution.

5. Needs of minority women are likely to be neglected, because minority women rarely participate in public affairs.

3.3 Social Gender and Development

3.3.1 Local Women’s Development

1. Education

The questionnaire survey shows that the overall educational level of local women is lower than that of men. Among the samples, illiterate women account for 8.9%, higher than men by 4.8 percentage points; women having received primary school education account for 52.8% higher than men by 8.6 percentage points; women having received junior high school education account for 26.1%, lower than men by 3.4 percentage points; and women having received junior high school education account for 12.2%, lower than men by 10 percentage points (see Figure 3-2).

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Figure 3-2 Educational Levels by Gender

2. Division of Labor

The questionnaire survey on 157 local women shows that local women do farm work mainly, accounting for 56.7%, and only 24.3% are employed in nonagricultural sectors, in which those dealing with individual operations account for 13.4%. Although some women do some seasonal jobs, most minority women do almost all farm work and housework at home, and have a heavy labor burden.

3. Participation in Public Affairs

In the subproject area, women’s social status and overall educational level are lower than those of men, and their ability to participate in public affairs is limited. In particular, Hui, Dongxiang and other minority women are preventing by traditional customs and religious taboos from participating in religious and public affairs. However, in recent years, through active efforts of the government, women’s federations and public welfare organizations (or international organizations), local women have more opportunities to participate in public affairs, and enjoy public services and supporting policies.

3.3.2 Impacts of the Subproject on Women

The positive impacts and potential risks of the Subproject on local women include:

1. Providing a safe traffic environment: The improvement of pavement quality and road infrastructure, can further ensure the traffic safety of women and enrich their leisure life.

2. Improving urban and rural public traffic, and reducing traffic costs: With the improvement of pavement quality, fuel and maintenance costs of urban and rural buses will be reduced, so that fares may be reduced to relieve the financial burden of old women, because bus is their preferred traffic mode for long-distance travel. With better pavements, buses will drive more steadily, providing greater riding comfort to old women. Traffic infrastructure improvement will reduce safety risks, and protect the personal and property safety of local residents.

3. Providing nonagricultural jobs to women and increasing their income: Some temporary jobs will be generated during construction, such as pavement laying and cooking, and will be first made available to young adult women and the poor to increase their income.

4. Ignorance of needs: Although women’s needs and suggestions have been collected at the design stage, their needs will be inevitably neglected during subproject implementation, operation and management due to the lack of social gender sensitivity and the low status of local women (especially minority women), thereby weakening the expected benefits for women. The inadequacy of streetlamps affects both overnight traffic and women’s evening activities.

5. Reduced women’s agricultural income due to LA: Local women mostly stay and do most of farm work. After LA, cultivated area will be reduced, thereby reducing crop output and agricultural income.

6. Different pay for equal work: Although some unskilled jobs will be available to local residents, different pay for equal work is prevalent when female labor is used for construction.

3.4 Key Suggestions from SA

The main conclusions and suggestions from the SA are as follows:

1. Local residents’ comments on, needs for and suggestions on local traffic conditions are consistent with the issues to be addressed by the Subproject. The priorities of the Subproject, especially road construction and expansion, and public traffic services, have been included in the local traffic development plan.

2. Before the beginning of the SA, most local residents have acquired information on the Subproject by various means. In addition, local rural officials and religious workers are willing to give publicity on the Subproject among residents, and solve possible issues arising from implementation. Most local residents are fully aware of and recognize the Subproject’s positive impacts, and support it strongly.

3. The main negative impacts of the Subproject include LA and HD, impacts on minority customs and local traffic, dust and noise pollution, safety risks during construction, etc.

4. The main positive impacts of the Subproject include improving the traffic environment, relieving traffic congestion, increasing the availability of bus service, improving traffic safety, strengthening people’s safety awareness through training and education, generating more job opportunities, facilitating religious activities, etc.

5. Suggestions concerning ethnic minorities: Construction workers should respect local minority customs; attention should be paid to residential areas and mosques during construction; road and construction signs should use simple and explicit symbols where possible, etc.

Public Participation and Consultation

4.1 Early-stage Participation Process

Since September 2012, the Linxia PMO has conducted a series of socioeconomic survey and public consultation activities. At the preparation stage, the feasibility study report, RAP, EMDP, SA Report and EIA preparation agencies disclosed information on the Subproject, and conducted prior, free and informed public participation and consultation at minority communities.

This EMDP has been prepared on the basis of the questionnaire survey, FGDs, key informant interviews, stakeholder discussions, and other public participation activities. See Appendix 3.

(1) Information disclosure: 1) In September 2012, the Linxia PMO communicated with residents of minority communities on the Subproject and disclosed information to them; 2) In March 2013, Gansu Satellite TV broadcast a program on the Subproject; 3) In August-September 2013, the PMO sent letters of subproject information to the township governments and village committees to solicit their comments; and 4) On September 13, 2013, the public was invited to participate in the environmental impact assessment.

(2) Field investigation: In September 2012, and from March to September 2013, the Bank mission, and feasibility study report, RAP, SA Report and EIA preparation agencies conducted a number of field investigations in the subproject area, and communicated with local officials and residents.

(3) Socioeconomic survey: During March 22-23, 2013, the PMO conducted a socioeconomic survey in the subproject area to learn comments on current traffic conditions from residents (including women, and residents of different economic levels and ethnic groups), and learn their attitudes to and needs for the Subproject. 226 valid copies were recovered, including 135 minority copies (59.73%), 91 Han copies (40.27%) and 49 copies from religious workers (21.68%).

During August 14-22, 2013, the SA team conducted a socioeconomic survey in 18 administrative villages in 13 townships to learn traffic modes of residents (including women, and residents of different economic levels and ethnic groups), their comments on the local traffic infrastructure, suggestions on traffic improvement, and needs for the Subproject. 350 valid copies were recovered, including 157 minority copies (44.86%) and 193 Han copies (55.14%).

(4) FGD: During August 14-22, 2013, 27 FGDs were held, with 205 attendees in total, including 66 women (32.19%) and 124 minority people (60.49%), to learn local residents’ expectations and needs for, and suggestions on the Subproject.

(5) In-depth interview: During August 14-22, 2013, 52 in-depth interviews were conducted with 52 persons in the subproject area, including township officials, teachers, retirees, religious workers, farmers, storeowners, employees, housewives and bus drivers, including 30 minority people (57.69%) and 23 women (44.23%) to learn local residents’ production and living conditions, the Subproject’s impacts on them, and their attitudes to the Subproject.

(6) Key informant interview: During March 22-23 and August 14-22, 2013 at the preparation stage, the PMO, EMDP preparation agency, socioeconomic survey and Bank consultants conducted 28 key informant interviews with heads of township governments, village committees, county women’s federation, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, civil affairs bureau, labor and social security bureau, education bureau, transport bureau, agriculture bureau, etc. to learn the development of local ethnic minorities and women, relevant policies and ongoing projects, and suggestions on the Subproject.

4.2 Outcomes of Community Participation

At the preparation stage, the PMO conducted prior, free and informed public participation and consultation at minority communities together with the RAP, EMDP, SA Report and EIA preparation agencies to fully learn local residents’ attitudes to, needs for and suggestions on the Subproject, communicated with the county ethnic and religious affairs bureau, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, agriculture and stockbreeding bureau, education bureau, township governments and village committees, and solicited comments from religious workers in order to incorporate needs and suggestions of minority population into the subproject design.

The above community participation activities aim to minimize potential negative impacts on and risks for minority population, and enable them to benefit from the Subproject in ways acceptable to them. See Appendix 4.

4.3 Participation Plan for the Implementation Stage

In order to maximize the Subproject’s economic and social benefits for local minority residents, and avoid potential risks, it is necessary to take necessary measures at the construction and operation stages to ensure the adequate informed participation of affected minority residents.

1. During construction, any issue concerning immediate interests of residents of minority communities must be notified to them through community planning teams and/or village committees to obtain their prior consent.

2. Any objection raised by minority residents should be treated seriously by the PMO and construction agency, and the influence of village committees, community volunteer service teams, elders and clans utilized for persuasion and explanation to avoid confrontation or even conflict.

3. Free, prior, and informed consultation must be conducted in villages/communities in leisure time for the convenience of participation by residents. See Appendix 5.

4.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism

During the preparation and implementation of the EMDP, a grievance redress mechanism should be established and applied when minority residents feel dissatisfied with the Subproject or resettlement, or when they think that they are treated unreasonably or unfairly during implementation.

Since the EMDP is implemented with the participation of local minority population, no substantial dispute will arise. However, to ensure that local minority population has a channel to file an appeal on any issue concerning EMDP implementation, a four-stage grievance redress mechanism has been established during the preparation and implementation of the EMDP:

Stage 1: If any minority person is dissatisfied with EMDP implementation, he/she can file an oral or written appeal to the village committee or implementing agency orally or in writing. In case of an oral appeal, the village committee or implementing agency shall handle such appeal and keep written records. Such appeal should be solved within two weeks.

Stage 2: If the appellant is dissatisfied with the disposition of Stage 1, he/she may file an appeal to the town management agency after receiving such disposition, which shall make a disposition within two weeks.

Stage 3: If the appellant is still dissatisfied with the disposition of Stage 2, he/she may escalate the appeal to the competent administrative authorities in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Law of the PRC after receiving such disposition for arbitration.

Stage 4: If the appellant is still dissatisfied with the governmental judgment, he/she may file a suit in a civil court in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law of the PRC after receiving such judgment.

Local minority population may file an appeal about any aspect of the implementation of the Subproject and EMDP. The above appeal channel will be notified to local minority population at a meeting or otherwise, so that local minority population is fully aware of their right of appeal. Mass media will be utilized for publicity, and opinions and advice about EMDP implementation will be compiled into messages for study and disposition by the subproject management agencies. All agencies will accept grievances and appeals from local minority population for free, and costs so reasonably incurred will be disbursed from contingency costs. The telephone numbers and addresses of the staff members handling minority grievances will be disclosed.

Action Plan

5.1 Measures to Protect Ethnic Minorities’ Interests

The Subproject will promote the county’s economic and social development, and create a convenient and safe traffic environment for local residents by improving the urban rural traffic infrastructure and services, and traffic management level, but also pose potential risks to minority residents. Measures to enhance positive benefits and evade potential risks are proposed here:

(1) Conducting education and training in various forms to improve population quality

Training should be conducted in various forms during subproject implementation to enhance their ability to participate in the Subproject and increase their opportunities to benefit from the Subproject, including: ①Give training on traffic safety knowledge to improve the traffic safety awareness of local minority residents and reduce the incidence of traffic accidents; ②Giving skills training to minority residents to increase their income, including hand-drawn noodles, crop cultivation and stockbreeding.

(2) Allocating job opportunities rationally to improve minority residents’ income level

About 900 unskilled jobs will be generated at the implementation and operation stages, which will be first made available to local residents, and should be allocated on the following principles: ①Such jobs should be first made available to those affected by LA and/or; and ②At least 40% of unskilled jobs should be first made available to vulnerable groups, including minority residents, women and the poor. In addition, local women will be encouraged to deal with tertiary services (hairdressing, catering, etc.) to increase income.

(3) Promoting the development of minority communities through other local development projects and initiatives

①Improve the local traffic infrastructure and the environment of local minority communities, such as drainage facilities; ②Give priority to local minority communities in local ethnic minority development projects, such as developing tourism for Hui and Salar civil residences close to the Liujiaxia Reservoir, and giving minority handicrafts training to increase income; ③Reduce or exempt bus fares and waste disposal charges for minority MLS population.

(4) Reducing LA and HD risks, and implementing livelihood and income restoration programs

In the Subproject, local minority residents will be affected by LA and/or HD to some extent. Measures should be taken to ensure that the living standard of these affected persons is not reduced. In particular, 38 minority tombs will be relocated. These tombs should be relocated in conformity with minority customs. ①LA, HD and tomb relocation should be minimized during the design and implementation of the Subproject, full compensation granted to the affected persons, and resettlement programs developed in consultation with the affected minority residents, and in consideration of their living, religious and architectural customs; ②Develop income and livelihood restoration measures in consultation with the affected population, and in conjunction with local skills training activities; compensate for permanently acquired and temporarily occupied land, and provide special assistance to vulnerable groups.

(5) Protecting local minority residents from construction

①Construction workers should respect local minority customs to avoid conflicts; ②Conduct construction in stages to reduce traffic impacts, and take noise and dust reduction measures to avoid pollution; collect and transfer domestic waste timely; provide non-horning signs in nearby residential areas or villages, and avoid overnight construction where possible. ③There are 12 mosques close to the subproject roads. During construction, religious activities of minority residents will be affected to some extent, especially noise pollution.

(6) Ensuring personal safety through publicity

The construction agency should strengthen personal safety education for workers, and cover insurance for them. Suggestions on construction safety: ①Conduct enclosed construction where possible and post safety signs; ②Strengthen traffic safety awareness education, especially for mothers and students.

(7) Promoting the participation of minority women

Promoting the participation of minority women at all stages of the Subproject is an important means of giving play to the Subproject’s benefits. Listen to minority women’s needs and suggestions at the design stage. 40% of unskilled jobs at the construction and operation stages are first made available to minority women and other vulnerable groups, and it should be ensured that men and women receive equal pay for equal work, and the provisions on remuneration and personal safety in the Labor Law are complied with. Women should have the same right to sign to receive compensation fees.

The EMDP preparation team has prepared the Ethnic Minority Development Action Plan in consultation with ethnic minorities and stakeholders (see Table 5-3).

5.2 Implementing Agency and Schedule

5.2.1 Implementing Agency and Capacity Building

(1) Implementing agency: On October 15, 2012, LCG and the Linxia County Organizational Setup Committee approved the establishment of the Linxia PMO to prepare for the Subproject. The powerful implementation organization ensures the fulfillment of the objectives of the Subproject and the participation of ethnic minorities.

Table 5-1 Key Persons Responsible of the PMO and Contact Information

|Agency |Name |Title |Tel |

|Linxia PMO |Ma Yunlong |Director |13993091886 |

|Linxia PMO |Han Zhiguo |Deputy Director |18909301655 |

|Linxia PMO |Ma Shijun |Deputy Director |13519003878 |

|Linxia PMO |Sun Weilin |Deputy Director |13909305636 |

|Linxia PMO |Ma Yan |General Administration Dept. |18293005784 |

|Linxia PMO |Qi Yinghong |General Administration Dept. |13884008829 |

|Linxia PMO |Zhang Haixia |Technical Service Dept. |15352253000 |

|Linxia PMO |Ma Hongbo |Engineering Quality Dept. |13909303223 |

|Linxia PMO |Tang Weihong |Finance Dept. |13993008007 |

|Linxia PMO |Lu Hongxi |Land Approval and Environmental Dept. |13993075260 |

|Linxia PMO |Lu Xuyang |Land Approval and Environmental Dept. |13659301716 |

|Linxia PMO |Xu Fengxian |Social Assessment Dept. |13993067087 |

|Linxia PMO |Wang Jianzhong |Procurement Dept. |13993038310 |

(2) Capacity building of implementing agency: In order to facilitate subproject implementation and improve the capacity of the implementing agency, 28 men-times have attended 12 training sessions from 2012 to date, covering project management, circular economy, industrial restructuring, report preparation, etc.

During implementation, the PMO will conduct a series of training on subproject management, operation and EMDP M&E, including state regulations, Bank policies, public participation, EMDP management and reporting, M&E, grievance redress, etc.

5.2.2 Implementation Schedule

The implementation schedule of the EMDP has been drafted (see Table 5-2), and may be adjusted based on implementation progress. The main stages are as follows:

(1) Preparation stage: subproject information disclosure, identification of impacts on minority population, minority attitude survey, EMDP preparation and consultation, distribution of the EMDP information booklet, etc.

(2) Implementation stage: Minority monitoring will be conducted, including internal and external monitoring, where internal monitoring will be performed by the PMO semiannually, and external monitoring will be performed annually by an independent agency until subproject completion. EMDP monitoring reports will be prepared.

(3) Half a year after implementation: An EMDP summary report will be submitted to the Bank.

Table 5-2 Implementation Schedule

|Stage |Activity |Time frame |

|Preparation |Information disclosure |Jun. – Jul. 2013 |

| |Identifying the Subproject’s impacts on minority |Aug. 2013 |

| |population | |

| |Public participation of minority population |Whole process |

| |Survey on attitudes of minority population |Aug. 2013 |

| |Preparing the EMDP and soliciting comments from minority |Aug. – Nov. 2013 |

| |population | |

| |EMDP disclosure |Jan. 2014 |

| |EMDP approval |Feb. 2014 |

| |EMDP information booklet |Feb. 2014 |

|Implementation |M&E |Submitting the M&E report (No.1) during May-July 2014 |

| | |(including baseline survey), and an M&E report |

| | |semiannually during implementation (2014-2018) |

|Within half a year after |Summary |Submitting an ethnic minority development summary report|

|implementation | | |

5.3 Financial Budget

Since over half of the beneficiary population of the Subproject is minority population, measures to mitigate negative impacts on them and promote benefits for them in a culturally appropriate manner have been incorporated into the feasibility study report. The budget for EMDP implementation is mainly from the subproject budget (including RAP and EIA budgets, etc.), government finance, special funds of government departments concerned, and publicly raised funds. See Table 5-3 for the detailed budget and action plan.

Table 5-3 Ethnic Minority Development Action Plan

|Item |Target population |Implemented by |Stage |Actions |Funding source |Monitoring indicator |

|2. Generating more job opportunities |Local residents, including |PMO, construction agency, employment bureau,| |1) Making unskilled jobs generated by the |Feasibility study budget |1) Percentage of affected persons |

|rationally to improve minority residents’ |persons affected by LA and/or |women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, | |Subproject first available to affected persons; | |placed to unskilled jobs; |

|income level |HD, the poor, women and ethnic|ethnic and religious affairs bureau, | |2) 40% of unskilled jobs at the construction and | |2) Percentage of vulnerable persons |

| |minorities mainly |township governments, village committees | |operation stages are first made available to | |placed to unskilled jobs |

| | | | |minority women and other vulnerable groups. | | |

|3. Reducing or exempting bus fares and |Local MLS population |PMO, owner, civil affairs bureau, village | |Reduce or exempt bus fares and waste disposal |Civil affairs bureau, |Minority MLS population covered by |

|waste disposal charges for minority MLS | |committees | |charges for minority MLS population. |ethnic & religious affairs |reduction or exemption |

|population | | | | |bureau (500,000 yuan/year) | |

|4. Reducing LA and HD risks, and |Population affected by LA |Design agency, RAP preparation agency, | |1) Minimize LA and HD during design and |Land expropriation, housing|See the RAP. |

|implementing livelihood and income |and/or HD, including a |county government, construction bureau, | |implementation; |demolition has been | |

|restoration programs |minority population of 2,983, |ethnic and religious affairs bureau, LA and | |2) Give full compensation to affected persons; |Resettlement budget, | |

| |accounting for 41.56% of |HD agencies, PMO, township governments, | |3) Maintain minority architectural styles during |6 Minority tombs | |

| |affected population, 6 |village committees | |house reconstruction. |compensation 12,000 RMB. | |

| |minority tombs demolition | | |4) giving ceremony for minority tomb relocation | | |

| |compensation. | | |compensation. | | |

|5. Protecting local minority residents |65,441 minority residents in |Design agency, construction agency, ethnic | |1) Construction workers should respect local |Budget under the |1) Records of disputes with local |

|from construction |the subproject area |and religious affairs bureau, environmental | |minority customs to avoid conflicts; |Environmental Management |residents; |

| | |protection bureau, construction bureau, PMO,| |2) Conduct construction in stages to reduce |Plan500,000RMB. |2) Noise and dust reduction measures|

| | |township governments, village committees | |traffic impacts; | |taken; |

| | | | |3) take noise and dust reduction measures to | |3) Frequency of overnight |

| | | | |avoid pollution; | |construction; |

| | | | |4) Prohibit overnight construction; | |4) Noise level; |

| | | | |5) Provide non-horning signs in nearby | |5) Number of non-horning signs |

| | | | |residential areas or villages. | | |

|6. Prevent construction from affecting |Local minority residents |Design agency, construction agency, ethnic | |1) Take noise reduction measures near mosques. |Budget under the |1) Noise level; |

|religious activities of minority residents|believing in Islam |and religious affairs bureau, environmental | |2) Reserve passages for minority residents to go |Environmental Management |2) Noise reduction measures taken; |

| | |protection bureau, construction bureau, PMO,| |to mosques. |Plan50, 000RMB. |3) Convenience and length of |

| | |township governments, village committees | | | |reserved passage |

|7. Ensuring personal safety |Construction workers, local |Construction agency, design agency, PMO, | |1) Strengthen personal safety education for |Subproject |1) Safety measures taken; |

| |children and old people |women’s federation, education bureau, | |workers, and cover insurance for them. |budget500,000RMB. |2) Separation; |

| | |schools, township governments, village | |2) Separate sidewalks from vehicular lanes. | |3) Safety warning signs; |

| | |committees | |3) Set up warning signs and traffic signals at | |4) Modes, subjects and men-times of |

| | | | |road junctions. | |safety awareness training; |

| | | | |4) Conduct school-based safety education. | |5) Measures of school safety |

| | | | | | |education |

|8. Establishing a grievance redress |Local residents, including |PMO, design agency, construction agency, | |1) Handle grievances from local residents |Budget for institutional |1) Forms, frequency and times of |

|mechanism to ensure that minority |persons affected by LA and/or |ethnic and religious affairs bureau, | |including minority residents in many ways. |capacity building10,000RMB.|disclosure on the grievance redress |

|residents can express their concerns |HD, the poor, women and ethnic|environmental protection bureau, | |2) Disclose the grievance redress mechanism. | |mechanism; |

|reasonably |minorities mainly |construction bureau, mass media, township | | | |2) Feedback records of local |

| | |governments, village committees | | | |residents (including minority |

| | | | | | |residents) |

|9. Promoting the participation of minority|Local minority women |Design agency, construction agency, women’s | |1) Incorporate needs and suggestions of minority |Included in budgets of |1) Records on needs and suggestions |

|women in the Subproject, and protecting | |federation, land and resources bureau, | |women into the subproject design. |other measures20,000RMB. |of minority women; |

|their rights and interests | |ethnic and religious affairs bureau, | |2) 40% of unskilled jobs at the construction and | |2) Number of minority women |

| | |township governments, village committees | |operation stages are first made available to | |employed; |

| | | | |minority women and other vulnerable groups. | |3) Percentage of minority women |

| | | | |3) Minority women have the right to sign to | |signing to receive compensation fees|

| | | | |receive compensation fees. | | |

Monitoring and Evaluation

In order to ensure that this EMDP is implemented effectively as expected, it is necessary to monitor and evaluate the implementation thereof.

Table 6-1 Terms of Reference for Monitoring and Evaluation

|Methods |Scope |M&E agency |Interval and reporting |

|①M&E methods shall include field survey, sampling |The independent monitoring agency shall |Internal monitoring |Semiannual internal monitoring|

|survey, computational analysis and overall expert |conduct monitoring semiannually during |will be performed by|reports will be submitted by |

|assessment; |the implementation of the EMDP, with |the PMO, and |the PMO to the Bank; external |

|②The field survey will be conducted comprehensively |focus on the following activities: |external M&E by a |M&E reports will be submitted |

|on the implementation progress of the EMDP, |①Are the right of the ethnic minorities |qualified |by the independent M&E agency |

|availability and effectiveness of funds, |and minority groups to participate in |independent M&E |to the Bank annually. |

|institutional and management aspects; |the project equally guaranteed |agency. | |

|③The subproject area and households (especially |practically? | | |

|ethnic minority households) shall be subject to |②Are the linguistic and cultural rights | | |

|sampling survey using the classified random sampling |of the ethnic minorities respected? | | |

|method to track typical ethnic minority households |③Which specific measures have the local | | |

|regularly. |PMOs taken according to the MEGDP? How | | |

|④The sampling ratio shall not be less than 20% of the|effective are these measures? | | |

|affected population, in which the proportion of |④How do the ethnic minorities and | | |

|ethnic minority households shall not be less than 40%|minority groups evaluate these measures?| | |

|of all sample households; to collect relevant |⑤How does the main population evaluate | | |

|information, complete the impact form and compare |these measures? | | |

|with the existing EMDP data, a socioeconomic survey |⑥Is a MEGDP M&E mechanism in place? Does| | |

|and a resettlement survey shall be conducted. |it work? | | |

|⑤In addition to written materials, photos, videos, | | | |

|audio records and physical objects shall also be | | | |

|collected to establish a database of public | | | |

|participation and results. | | | |

Minority monitoring includes internal and external monitoring, where internal monitoring will be performed by the PMO semiannually, and external monitoring will be performed annually by an independent agency until subproject completion. EMDP monitoring reports will be prepared.

Appendix 1 Breakdown of Directly Affected Minority Population (Units: person, %)

|No. |Village |Population |

|State laws and |State laws and regulations: |①In addition to the same powers as local governments, the authorities of the localities of ethnic autonomy also |

|regulations, and |Constitution of the RPC, Law of the |have the following rights: autonomous legislative power; autonomy in the administration of local political, |

|regulations of |RPC on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, Law|economic, financial, scientific, educational and cultural affairs, the right to organize local public security |

|Gansu Province |of Organization of Villager |forces, and the right to use and develop ethnic minority languages, etc. |

| |Committee of the RPC, Regulations on|②Citizens of the People’s Republic of China shall have freedom in religious belief, and the state and the |

| |the Administrative Work of Ethnic |authorities of the localities of ethnic autonomy shall guarantee such freedom for citizens of all ethnic groups.|

| |Minority Xiangs the RPC, 12th |③Administrative regulations for ethnic minorities shall be formulated to promote the development economic and |

| |Five-year Plan for Ethnic Minority |cultural programs of ethnic minority Xiangs, protect the lawful rights and interests of ethnic minorities, and |

| |Programs |enhance the unity among different ethnic groups. |

| |Regulations of Gansu: Working |④Except those deprived of political rights, villagers attaining 18 years of age, regardless of ethnic group, |

| |Regulations on Written and Spoken |race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property condition or term of residence, |

| |Languages of Gansu Province, Working|shall have the right to vote and the right to be elected. |

| |Regulations on People’s Congresses |⑤The state shall support all ethnic minorities financially, materially and technically to accelerate their |

| |of Gansu Province |economic development, cultural and other social programs. |

| | |⑥The protection of ethnic folk cultures shall be subject to the principles of protection mainly, rational |

| | |development, government dominance and social participation. |

|State supporting |Development Plan for Ethnic |①Among the 55 ethnic minorities, the 28 ones with a population of less than 300,000 shall be supported, |

|policy |Minorities with Less Population |including the Salar people. The period of planning shall be 2011-2015. |

| |(2011-2015) |②Development objectives: By 2015, the poor population of areas inhabited centrally by ethnic minorities with |

| | |less population is at least halved, the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen reaches or exceeds the |

| | |local average, and the per capita net income of about half of farmers and herdsmen reaches or exceeds the |

| | |national average; infrastructure security level, livelihood security level and self-development capacity are |

| | |improved greatly. By 2020, areas inhabited centrally by ethnic minorities with less population will feature more|

| | |balanced development, richer lives, a better environment, and a more harmonious and well-being society. |

| | |③Priorities: Strengthen the construction of infrastructure and supporting facilities, improve development |

| | |security level greatly, develop characteristic and advantaged industries to promote income increase, protect and|

| | |improve livelihoods, promote the equality of basic public services, development cultural programs and industries|

| | |to prosper ethnic cultures, strengthen human resources development to enhance self-development capacity, promote|

| | |ethnic unity and build a harmonious homeland. |

| | |④Policy measures: Increase fund input, and strengthen financial services, counterpart-assistance, talent team |

| | |building, and the implementation of prevailing policies and regulations. |

| |Some Opinions of the State Council |①The significance of supporting the economic development of Gansu Province shall be recognized, and all tasks |

| |on Supporting the Economic and |based on poverty reduction and improving the living standard of all ethnic groups, with focus on solving the |

| |Social Development of Gansu Province|most immediate livelihood issues for local residents. |

| | |②Objectives: By 2015, the local ecological environment of these areas shall be improved significantly, the |

| | |income of urban and rural residents shall be close to or attain the average of western China, the infrastructure|

| | |shall be further strengthened, and key industries and characteristic economies shall take form. |

| | |③Priorities: Strengthen ecological protection and construction; strengthen poverty relief and development, |

| | |improve the production and living conditions of farming and pastoral areas, increase the income of farmers and |

| | |herdsmen; develop social programs greatly, improve public service capabilities; strengthen infrastructure |

| | |building, improve the capability to support regional development; promote the development of the characteristic |

| | |and advantageous industries, and develop new points of economic growth. |

|Regional |Outline of the 12th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Gansu Province, Outline of the 12th Five-year Plan for National |

|development plans|Economic and Social Development of Linxia Prefecture, 12th Five-year Transport Development Plan of Gansu Province |

|World Bank |Operational Policy (OP4.10) and Bank|This policy aims to ensure that the development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and|

| |Procedure (BP4.10) |cultures of Indigenous Peoples. |

| | |(1) The Bank recognizes that the identities and cultures of Indigenous Peoples are inextricably linked to the |

| | |lands on which they live and the natural resources on which they depend. These distinct circumstances expose |

| | |Indigenous Peoples to different types of risks and levels of impacts from development projects, including loss |

| | |of identity, culture, and customary livelihoods, as well as exposure to disease. Gender and intergenerational |

| | |issues among Indigenous Peoples also are complex. As social groups with identities that are often distinct from |

| | |dominant groups in their national societies, Indigenous Peoples are frequently among the most marginalized and |

| | |vulnerable segments of the population. As a result, their economic, social, and legal status often limits their |

| | |capacity to defend their interests in and rights to lands, territories, and other productive resources, and/or |

| | |restricts their ability to participate in and benefit from development. At the same time, the Bank recognizes |

| | |that Indigenous Peoples play a vital role in sustainable development and that their rights are increasingly |

| | |being addressed under both domestic and international law. |

| | |(2) Bank-financed projects include measures to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects on the Indigenous Peoples’ |

| | |communities; or (b) when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects. |

| | |Bank-financed projects are also designed to ensure that the Indigenous Peoples receive social and economic |

| | |benefits that are culturally appropriate and gender and inter-generationally inclusive. |

| | |(3) When a project affects Indigenous Peoples, the TT assists the borrower in carrying out free, prior, and |

| | |informed consultation with affected communities about the proposed project throughout the project cycle. At all |

| | |stages of the project, the parties consulted have prior access to information on the intent and scope of the |

| | |proposed project in a culturally appropriate manner. It shall also be determined that if the affected |

| | |communities give broad support to the project based on the SA and consultation process. |

| | |(4) The EMDP should be flexible and practical, and include the following: legal and institutional framework |

| | |suited to ethnic minorities; information on demographic, social, cultural and political features of affected |

| | |communities, ancestral territories owned, used or occupied by them, and natural resources on which they live; a |

| | |summary of SA; a summary of free, prior, and informed consultation results in affected communities at the |

| | |preparation stage, which has gained broad community support for the project; a framework for ensuring free, |

| | |prior, and informed consultation with affected communities during project implementation; an action plan for |

| | |ensuring that ethnic minorities receive culturally appropriate social and economic interests; after potential |

| | |negative impacts on ethnic minorities have been determined, an appropriate action plan that avoids, minimizes or|

| | |mitigates, or compensate for such impacts; the financial budget and financing plan for the EMDP; a procedure for|

| | |addressing appeals from minority communities arising from project implementation; and an M&E and reporting |

| | |mechanism, and indicator system suitable for the implementation of the EMDP. |

Appendix 3 Summary of Early-stage Participation Activities

|No. |Method |Time |Venue |Participants |Remarks |

| | |Mar. & Sep. 2013 |Local TV station | |Ethnic Minority Daily and Gansu Satellite TV |

| | | |/ newspaper | |reported subproject information. |

| | |Aug. – Sep. 2013 |Townships |Local residents |Announcement of the EIA and SA reports |

|2 |Field investigation |Sep. 2012 – Sep. |Subproject area |Bank mission, feasibility study report, |Conducting a number of field investigations in |

| | |2013 | |RAP, SA Report and EIA preparation agencies|the subproject area, and communicating with local|

| | | | | |officials and residents |

|3 |Questionnaire survey|Mar. 22-23, 2013 |Townships and |226 valid copies recovered |Learning traffic modes of residents (incl. women,|

| | | |villages | |residents of different economic levels and ethnic|

| | | | | |groups), their comments on the local traffic |

| | | | | |infrastructure, suggestions on traffic |

| | | | | |improvement, and needs for the Subproject |

| | |Aug. 14-22, 2013 |Townships and |350 valid copies recovered | |

| | | |villages | | |

|3 |FGD |Aug. 14-22, 2013 |Townships and |27 FGDs, with 205 attendees in total, |Learning local residents’ expectations and needs |

| | | |villages |including 66 women and 124 minority people |for, and suggestions on the Subproject |

|4 |In-depth interview |Mar. 22-23 & Aug. |Townships and |52 in-depth interviews with 52 persons, |Learning local residents’ production and living |

| | |14-22, 2013 |villages |incl. township officials, teachers, |conditions, the Subproject’s impacts on them, and|

| | | | |retirees, religious workers, farmers, |their attitudes to the Subproject |

| | | | |storeowners, employees, housewives and bus | |

| | | | |drivers, including 30 minority people and | |

| | | | |23 women | |

|5 |Key informant |Mar. 22-23 & Aug. |Townships and |28 key informant interviews with heads of |Learning the development of local ethnic |

| |interview |14-22, 2013 |villages |township governments, village committees, |minorities and women, relevant policies and |

| | | | |and county departments concerned |ongoing projects, and suggestions on the |

| | | | | |Subproject |

|6 |Stakeholder |Aug. 14-22, 2013 |PMO, townships |4 stakeholder discussions at different |Learning the Subproject’s potential impacts and |

| |discussion | | |county and township departments |measures to reduce impacts. |

Appendix 4 Outcomes of Early-stage Public Participation

|Main activities |Time |Participants |Main comments/suggestions |Results of public participation |

|Reducing LA and HD |Field visit of the |May 22, |Members of the PMO, Tazhang and |Minority residents expect that the |A new Class-3 highway is constructed on the west of the Daxia River, and the |

|impacts |Beixiaoyuan-Lianhua Wharf |2013 |Lijia Villages |demolition of mosques be avoided by |existing Beixiaoyuan-Lianhua Wharf highway is rerouted. |

| |highway, interviewing with | | |rerouting, and that the Subproject promote |LA and HD impacts have been reduced to the acquisition of 463.4 mu of |

| |residents of minority | | |local economic development (tea gardens, |cultivated land, and 6 households and one public institution affected by HD. |

| |communities | | |agritainment sites) | |

|Livelihood |1. Reallocating land to |Mar. & |PMO, Bank experts, RAP and EMDP |Some local residents expect to carry on |During the Twelfth Five-year Plan period, protected, characteristic and |

|restoration |land-expropriated farmers |Aug. |preparation agencies |farming after land loss |sightseeing agriculture will be developed in Linxia County mainly. These |

| |wishing to carry on farming |14-22, | | |farmers will be reallocated with land, and provided with assistance and |

| | |2013 | | |training by the government. |

| |2. Hui residents have the habit |Mar. & |PMO, Bank experts, county ethnic|Some Hui and Dongxiang residents expect to |Part of the subproject budget and some funds of the county finance bureau |

| |of dealing with hand-drawn |Aug. |and religious affairs bureau, |increase their income through catering. |will be used specifically to support minority residents to develop catering |

| |noodles restaurants |14-22, |RAP and EMDP preparation | |operations and promote their income restoration. |

| | |2013 |agencies | | |

|Development of |1. Considering needs and |Mar. & |PMO, Bank experts, EMDP and SA |Community development ideas: 1) developing |The Subproject will improve the community environment and create conditions |

|minority |suggestions for the development |Aug. |report preparation agencies, |minority custom tours; 2) developing |for community development, and the government will also provide necessary |

|communities |of minority communities |14-22, |minority residents |agritainment sites where road conditions |assistance, e.g., developing courtyard tourism in characteristic minority |

| | |2013 | |permit; and 3) developing minority |residences. |

| | | | |handicrafts, such as embroidery, to increase| |

| | | | |income | |

| |2. Learning minority residents’ |Mar. & |PMO, county construction bureau,|Local residents expect to participate in the|The PMO promises to have the construction agency employ local labor and hire |

| |attitudes to and needs for the |Aug. |Bank experts, EMDP and SA report|construction of the Subproject, and some |local vehicles first at the construction stage. |

| |Subproject |14-22, |preparation agencies |women expect to get employed under the | |

| | |2013 | |Subproject. | |

Appendix 5 Participation Plan for the Implementation Stage

|Activities |Monitoring indicators |Agencies concerned |Responsible |

|1. Further |1. Consult local residents on road infrastructure construction, |1. Number and minutes of mobilization meetings; minority reps.|ethnic and religious affairs bureau, transport |PMO, owner, design |

|optimizing |especially minority residents and imams. |should be not less than 50%; |bureau, bus company, civil affairs bureau, labor|agency, minority |

|subproject design|2. Consult minority residents on the setup of road safety warning |2. Number and minutes of bus service optimization meetings, |and social security bureau, transport bureau; |communities |

| |signs. |composition of attendees; |PMO, owner, design agency; | |

| | |3. Interview records on the setup of road safety warning signs|EDMP monitoring agency; | |

| | | |Minority community officials and residents | |

|2. Participation |1. Consult local residents on jobs generated by the Subproject, |1. Number and minutes of meetings; |Labor and social security bureau, women’s |PMO, owner, |

|in subproject |recruitment criteria and remuneration level, and make sure that such |2.Frequency, times and trainees of training; |federation, ethnic and religious affairs bureau;|construction agency, |

|construction |jobs are first made available to minority residents, the poor and |3. Number and minutes of FGDs in minority communities; reps. |PMO, owner, construction agency; |minority communities |

| |women; |of minority residents, the poor and women should be not less |EDMP monitoring agency; | |

| |2. Train construction workers on skills, traffic safety and minority |than 50%. |Minority community officials and residents | |

| |customs; | | | |

| |3. Hold FGDs in minority communities to discuss dust and noise | | | |

| |reduction measures, how to reduce impacts of construction on traffic, | | | |

| |etc. | | | |

|3. Traffic safety|1. Give publicity on traffic safety and management knowledge by mass |1. Forms of publicity, written materials, and languages used; |Transport bureau, traffic police brigade, |PMO, owner, transport |

|publicity and |media, or through imams; |2. Frequency and trainees of training; women and minority |education bureau, labor and social security |bureau, traffic police|

|education |2. Incorporate traffic safety knowledge publicity into skills training,|residents should be not less than 40%; |bureau, poverty reduction office, women’s |brigade, minority |

| |and involve women and minority residents; |3. Forms and scope of school education |federation, ethnic and religious affairs bureau;|communities |

| |3. Incorporate traffic safety knowledge publicity into school | |PMO, owner, construction agency; | |

| |education. | |EDMP monitoring agency; | |

| | | |Minority community officials and residents | |

|4. Village |Establish community traffic supervision teams, and ensure that women |Establishment process of traffic supervision teams, and |Minority communities |PMO, owner, minority |

|traffic safety |and minority residents are represented. |meeting minutes; minority reps. should be not less than 40%, | |communities |

|supervision and | |and women not less than 20%. | | |

|management | | | | |

|5. Grievance |1. Disclose the grievance redress mechanism and solicit comments |1. Forms, frequency and times of disclosure, and feedback |Minority communities |PMO, owner, minority |

|redress |through mass media; |records; | |communities |

| |2. Collect comments on the grievance redress mechanism through |2. Minutes of community meetings, in-depth interviews and | | |

| |community meetings, in-depth interviews and FGDs. |FGDs; written records of feedback | | |

Appendix 6 Fieldwork Photos

|[pic] |[pic] |

|1. A Hui mosque in Tangga Village |2. Corn and narrow road affected by dust |

|[pic] |[pic] |

|3. Damaged pavement |4. In-depth interview with minority people affected by HD |

|[pic] |[pic] |

|5. FGD with minority people |6. FGD in Xinji Town |

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[1] Based on the prevailing exchange rate of 1: 6.1913

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IPP739 V3 REV

Linxia Subproject of the World Bank-financed Gansu Rural-Urban Integration Infrastructure Project

Understanding the project

Referring to local economic, social and demographic data

Preliminary preparation

Fieldwork

Data analysis

Discussing with the PMO to further understand the project and identify the project area

Investigating the project route, identifying survey sites, and adjusting the survey plan

Discussing project impacts with township officials, and identifying villages (communities) to be surveyed

Holding FGDs in villages (communities), and conducting interviews and questionnaire survey

Conducting a special survey on AHs, stores, enterprises, etc.

Report preparation

Preparing terms of reference (Qr, outline), and SA handbook

Organizing and training staff

Interviewing truck/coach company and government staff

Questionnaire entry and data analysis

Entering and classifying interview and FGD data

Compiling relevant documents and policies

Report revision

Holding a discussion meeting with stakeholders to finalize the SA report

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