Supplemental references, AChEi briefing:



Supplemental references, AChEi briefing:

Citations 373-705

This provides supplemental citations in three richly cited areas:

A. Pyridostigmine growth hormone response

B. Cognitive effects of AChEi and other cholinergic agonists in Alzheimer's and other conditions; or use of AChEi in Alzheimer's

C. AChE changes in CSF in Alzheimer's

373. Andersen M, Stoving RK, Hangaard J, Petersen PH, Hagen C. The effect of short-term cortisol changes on growth hormone responses to the pyridostigmine-growth-hormone-releasing-hormone test in healthy adults and patients with suspected growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998;49:241-9.

374. Arvat E, Cappa M, Casanueva FF, et al. Pyridostigmine potentiates growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-induced GH release in both men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;76:374-7.

375. Arvat E, Gianotti L, Ragusa L, et al. The enhancing effect of pyridostigmine on the GH response to GHRH undergoes an accelerated age-related reduction in Down syndrome. Dementia. 1996;7:288-92.

376. Arvat E, Di Vito L, Ramunni J, et al. Low hexarelin dose and pyridostigmine have additive effect and potentiate to the same extent the GHRH-induced GH response in man. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1997;47:495-500.

377. Barbarino A, Corsello SM, Tofani A, et al. Sexual dimorphism of pyridostigmine potentiation of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-induced GH release in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73:75-8.

378. Beccaria L, Benzi F, Sanzari A, Bosio L, Brambilla P, Chiumello G. Impairment of growth hormone responsiveness to growth hormone releasing hormone and pyridostigmine in patients affected by Prader-Labhardt-Willi syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 1996;19:687-92.

379. Beccaria L, Bosio L, Sanzari A, Aimaretti G, Ghigo E, Chiumello G. GH secretion in Prader-Labhard-Willi syndrome: somatotrope responsiveness to GHRH is enhanced by arginine but not by pyridostigmine. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1996;9:577-83.

380. Bellone J, Ghigo E, Procopio M, et al. Comparison of the potentiating effect of pyridostigmine, arginine and propranolol on the GHRH-induced GH release in short children. Panminerva Med. 1993;35:1-4.

381. Borges MH, Castro RC, Kater CE, Lengyel AM. Different effects of pyridostigmine on growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone in endogenous and exogenous hypercortisolemic patients. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1993;26:1191-200.

382. Cappa M, Loche S, Salvatori R, et al. The growth hormone response to pyridostigmine plus growth hormone releasing hormone is not influenced by pubertal maturation. J Endocrinol Invest. 1991;14:41-5.

383. Cappa M, Grossi A, Benedetti S, Drago F, Loche S, Ghigo E. Effect of the enhancement of the cholinergic tone by pyridostigmine on the exercise-induced growth hormone release in man. J Endocrinol Invest. 1993;16:421-4.

384. Cappa M, Grossi A, Borrelli P, et al. Growth hormone (GH) response to combined pyridostigmine and GH-releasing hormone administration in patients with Prader-Labhard-Willi syndrome. Horm Res. 1993;39:51-5.

385. Castro RC, Vieira JG, Chacra AR, Besser GM, Grossman AB, Lengyel AM. Pyridostigmine enhances, but does not normalise, the GH response to GH-releasing hormone in obese subjects. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990;122:385-90.

386. Coiro V, Volpi R, Bertoni P, et al. Effect of potentiation of cholinergic tone by pyridostigmine on the GH response to GHRH in elderly men. Gerontology. 1992;38:217-22.

387. Coiro V, Volpi R, Capretti L, et al. Different effects of naloxone on the growth hormone response to melatonin and pyridostigmine in normal men. Metabolism. 1998;47:814-6.

388. Cooney JM, Lucey JV, O'Keane V, Dinan TG. Specificity of the pyridostigmine/growth hormone challenge in the diagnosis of depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1997;42:827-33.

389. Cooney JM, Lucey JV, Dinan TG. Enhanced growth hormone responses to pyridostigmine challenge in patients with panic disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;170:159-61.

390. Cordido F, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C. Cholinergic receptor activation by pyridostigmine restores growth hormone (GH) responsiveness to GH-releasing hormone administration in obese subjects: evidence for hypothalamic somatostatinergic participation in the blunted GH release of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989;68:290-3.

391. Cordido F, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF. Effect of central cholinergic neurotransmission enhancement by pyridostigmine on the growth hormone secretion elicited by clonidine, arginine, or hypoglycemia in normal and obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70:1361-70.

392. Cordido F, Penalva A, Peino R, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C. Effect of combined administration of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone, GH-releasing peptide-6, and pyridostigmine in normal and obese subjects. Metabolism. 1995;44:745-8.

393. Corsello SM, Tofani A, Della Casa S, et al. Effects of sex and age on pyridostigmine potentiation of growth hormone-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone release. Neuroendocrinology. 1992;56:208-13.

394. Corsello SM, Tofani A, Della Casa S, et al. Activation of cholinergic tone by pyridostigmine reverses the inhibitory effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone on the growth hormone-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone secretion. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1992;126:113-6.

395. Davis BM, Mohs RC, Greenwald BS, et al. Clinical studies of the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease. I. Neurochemical and neuroendocrine studies. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1985;33:741-8.

396. De Marinis L, Mancini A, Zuppi P, et al. Influence of pyridostigmine on growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone pre- and postprandially in normal and obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:1253-7.

397. del Balzo P, Salvatori R, Cappa M, Gertner JM. Pyridostigmine does not reverse dexamethasone-induced growth hormone inhibition. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990;33:605-12.

398. Del Rio G, Carani C, Velardo A, et al. Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on the somatotrope responsiveness to GHRH alone or combined with pyridostigmine and on sympathoadrenal activity in patients with hypogonadism. J Endocrinol Invest. 1995;18:690-5.

399. Delitala G, Tomasi PA, Palermo M, Fresu P. Interaction of glucose and pyridostigmine on the secretion of growth hormone (GH) induced by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH). J Endocrinol Invest. 1990;13:653-6.

400. Dinan TG, O'Keane V, Thakore J. Pyridostigmine induced growth hormone release in mania: focus on the cholinergic/somatostatin system. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;40:93-6.

401. Dinan TG, Scott LV, Brady D, McNamara D, Keeling PW. Altered hypothalamic cholinergic responses in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia: a study of pyridostigmine-stimulated growth hormone release. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:1937-40.

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403. Friend K, Iranmanesh A, Login IS, Veldhuis JD. Pyridostigmine treatment selectively amplifies the mass of GH secreted per burst without altering GH burst frequency, half-life, basal GH secretion or the orderliness of GH release. Eur J Endocrinol. 1997;137:377-86.

404. Ghigo E, Mazza E, Imperiale E, et al. Growth hormone responses to pyridostigmine in normal adults and in normal and short children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1987;27:669-73.

405. Ghigo E, Mazza E, Imperiale E, et al. Enhancement of cholinergic tone by pyridostigmine promotes both basal and growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-induced GH secretion in children of short stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987;65:452-6.

406. Ghigo E, Mazza E, Corrias A, et al. Effect of cholinergic enhancement by pyridostigmine on growth hormone secretion in obese adults and children. Metabolism. 1989;38:631-3.

407. Ghigo E, Goffi S, Mazza E, et al. Acute administration of pyridostigmine and clonidine has an additive stimulatory effect on GH release in normal children. J Endocrinol Invest. 1989;12:99-101.

408. Ghigo E, Imperiale E, Mazza E, et al. Cholinergic enhancement of pyridostigmine potentiates spontaneous diurnal but not nocturnal growth hormone secretion in short children. Neuroendocrinology. 1989;49:134-7.

409. Ghigo E, Goffi S, Arvat E, et al. Pyridostigmine partially restores the GH responsiveness to GHRH in normal aging. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990;123:169-73.

410. Ghigo E, Bellone J, Imperiale E, et al. Pyridostigmine potentiates L-dopa- but not arginine- and galanin-induced growth hormone secretion in children. Neuroendocrinology. 1990;52:42-5.

411. Ghigo E, Bellone J, Mazza E, et al. Arginine potentiates the GHRH- but not the pyridostigmine-induced GH secretion in normal short children. Further evidence for a somatostatin suppressing effect of arginine. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990;32:763-7.

412. Ghigo E, Imperiale E, Boffano GM, et al. A new test for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency due to primary pituitary impairment: combined administration of pyridostigmine and growth hormone-releasing hormone. J Endocrinol Invest. 1990;13:307-16.

413. Ghigo E, Arvat E, Nicolosi M, Mazza E, Camanni F. Comparison of growth hormone-releasing effect of growth hormone-releasing hormone, clonidine and pyridostigmine in normal children and adolescents. GH-releasing effect of GHRH, clonidine and pyridostigmine. Panminerva Med. 1990;32:1-3.

414. Ghigo E, Arvat E, Mazza E, et al. Failure of pyridostigmine to increase both basal and GHRH-induced GH secretion in the night. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990;122:37-40.

415. Ghigo E, Nicolosi M, Arvat E, et al. Growth hormone secretion in Alzheimer's disease: studies with growth hormone-releasing hormone alone and combined with pyridostigmine or arginine. Dementia. 1993;4:315-20.

416. Ghigo E, Arvat E, Gianotti L, et al. Arginine but not pyridostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, enhances the GHRH-induced GH rise in patients with anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry. 1994;36:689-95.

417. Ghigo E, Arvat E, Gianotti L, Ramunni J, Maccario M, Camanni F. Interaction of salbutamol with pyridostigmine and arginine on both basal and GHRH-stimulated GH secretion in humans. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;40:799-802.

418. Giusti M, Marini G, Sessarego P, et al. Growth hormone secretion in aging. Effect of pyridostigmine on growth hormone responsiveness to growth hormone-releasing hormone. Recenti Prog Med. 1991;82:665-8.

419. Giustina A, Bossoni S, Cimino A, Pizzocolo G, Romanelli G, Wehrenberg WB. Impaired growth hormone (GH) response to pyridostigmine in type 1 diabetic patients with exaggerated GH-releasing hormone-stimulated GH secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;71:1486-90.

420. Giustina A, Bodini C, Bossoni S, et al. Effects of calcitonin on GH response to pyridostigmine in combination with hGHRH (1-29) NH2 in normal adult subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990;33:375-80.

421. Giustina A, Girelli A, Doga M, et al. Pyridostigmine blocks the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulated growth hormone secretion in normal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;71:580-4.

422. Giustina A, Girelli A, Alberti D, et al. Effects of pyridostigmine on spontaneous and growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulated growth hormone secretion in children on daily glucocorticoid therapy after liver transplantation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1991;35:491-8.

423. Giustina A, Bossoni S, Bodini C, et al. Effects of exogenous growth hormone pretreatment on the pituitary growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone alone or in combination with pyridostigmine in type I diabetic patients. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1991;125:510-7.

424. Giustina A, Bossoni S, Bodini C, et al. Pyridostigmine enhances even if it does not normalize the growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing hormone in patients with Cushing's disease. Horm Res. 1991;35:99-103.

425. Giustina A, Bussi AR, Conti C, et al. Comparative effect of galanin and pyridostigmine on the growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in normal aged subjects. Horm Res. 1992;37:165-70.

426. Giustina A, Bodini C, Bossoni S, Valentini U, Wehrenberg WB. Variability in the growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone alone or combined with pyridostigmine in type 1 diabetic patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 1993;16:585-90.

427. Giustina A, Bresciani E, Tassi C, Girelli A, Valentini U. Effect of pyridostigmine on the growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in lean and obese type II Diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1994;43:893-8.

428. Giustina A, Bussi AR, Doga M, Iacobello C, Wehrenberg WB. Effect of pyridostigmine on the hydrocortisone-mediated decrease of circulating growth hormone levels in acromegaly. Horm Metab Res. 1994;26:288-92.

429. Grugni G, Guzzaloni G, Moro D, Bettio D, De Medici C, Morabito F. Reduced growth hormone (GH) responsiveness to combined GH-releasing hormone and pyridostigmine administration in the Prader-Willi syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998;48:769-75.

430. Guzzaloni G, Grugni G, Ardizzi A, Moro D, Calo G, Morabito F. [Effect of sex on the increase of GH induced by galanin, alone or in combination with GHRH with or without pyridostigmine in pubescent subjects]. Minerva Endocrinol. 1996;21:53-7.

431. Guzzaloni G, Grugni G, Morabito F. Growth hormone response to hexarelin, growth hormone-releasing hormone plus pyridostigmine and arginine plus estrogen in prepubertal and early pubertal short children. Minerva Endocrinol. 1998;23:99-104.

432. Guzzaloni G, Grugni G, Morabito F. Hexarelin-induced growth hormone response in short stature. Comparison with growth hormone-releasing hormone plus pyridostigmine and arginine plus estrogen. J Endocrinol Invest. 1999;22:360-8.

433. Hanew K, Utsumi A, Sugawara A, Shimizu Y, Ikeda H, Abe K. The evaluation of hypothalamic somatostatin tone using pyridostigmine and thyrotropin releasing hormone in patients with acromegaly. J Endocrinol Invest. 1994;17:313-21.

434. Hanew K, Tanaka A, Utsumi A. Plasma GH responses to GHRH, arginine, L-dopa, pyridostigmine, sequential administrations of GHRH and combined administration of PD and GHRH in Turner's syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 1998;21:72-7.

435. Hoeck HC, Vestergaard P, Jakobsen PE, Falhof J, Laurberg P. Diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in adults with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders: comparison of test results using pyridostigmine plus GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), clonidine plus GHRH, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia as GH secretagogues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:1467-72.

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442. Loche S, Pintor C, Cappa M, et al. Pyridostigmine counteracts the blunted growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone of obese children. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1989;120:624-8.

443. Lucey JV, O'Keane V, O'Flynn K, Clare AW, Dinan TG. Gender and age differences in the growth hormone response to pyridostigmine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;6:105-9.

444. Lucey JV, Butcher G, Clare AW, Dinan TG. Elevated growth hormone responses to pyridostigmine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence of cholinergic supersensitivity. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:961-2.

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