A DIRECTORY OF BRITISH DIPLOMATS

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Updated 19 July 2020

This Directory contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government License v2.0.

A DIRECTORY OF BRITISH DIPLOMATS

CONTENTS: Preface: Introduction: Select Bibliography: Notes: Sections A and B: Section A: Alphabetical Directory of Diplomats, 1789-2005: Section B: Diplomatic Missions Overseas, 1789-:

I: Commonwealth Countries: II: Foreign Countries: III: International Organizations: Notes: Sections C and D: Section C: Foreign Office/Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1841-: Section D: Dominions Office/Commonwealth Relations Office/

Commonwealth Office, 1925-1968: Notes: Sections E and F: Section E: Alphabetical Directory of Colonial Officials, 1850-: Section F: Colonial Governors and Senior Officials, 1850-:

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pages 3-4 pages 5-7 page 8 pages 9-10 pages 11-553 pages 554-903 pages 554-620 pages 621-886 pages 887-903 page 904 pages 905-1017

pages 1018-1035 page 1036 page 1037-1156 pages 1157-1226

Section G: Colonial Office, 1862-1966:

Section H: Alphabetical Directory of Indian Governors and India Office Officials, 1850-1947:

Section I: Indian Governors and Lieutenant-Governors, 1850-1947:

Section J: India Office, 1858-1947:

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pages 1227-1251

pages 1252-1280 pages 1281-1289 pages 1290-1297

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PREFACE

The material included in this Directory is the accumulation of decades of research. I recall watching the 1956 film "The Battle of the River Plate" and being entranced by the almost Ruritarian romanticism (as I saw it as an impressionable nine-year old) of the name of the British Minister in Montevideo-Sir Eugen Millington-Drake. My further interest in the Diplomatic Service originated from a Christmas present in 1959 of my first copy of "Whitaker's Almanack". I had been fascinated for some time by the names of, for example, Roman, Byzantine and Holy Roman Emperors and had been a compulsive `list-maker' from a very early age. As a teenager I became increasingly fascinated by the identities of members the Diplomatic Service, senior officers in the Armed Forces and other public servants and in their career progression.

Over the succeeding decades, during my spare time from teaching History in Scottish secondary schools, I tried to compile and to update paper copies of lists of these individuals. With the coming of the internet and the decision to put these lists online the project has grown and developed. Not only did developments in technology afford the opportunity to more systematically revise and improve the lists it suggested the possibility that others interested in these matters would be able to access the material.

There is no shortage of sources for information on British Diplomatic representation overseas at the level of Heads of Mission. This project however goes beyond that level. It attempts to provide information on a wider range of positions within the Diplomatic Service, the Colonial Service and the India Office. As far as I am aware such an exercise has not been attempted before.

In recent months the welcome and invaluable co-operation and support of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in making copies of the Foreign Office and Diplomatic Service Lists available to me has ensured that the accuracy of the information provided has been much improved and has made it possible for me to extend the chronological coverage considerably.

The interest shown in this project by the Historians' section of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and by members of the Foreign and Commonwealth Association has been most gratifying. The support and encouragement I have received from the historians and from a number of exdiplomats has enabled me to make the material much more complete, more comprehensive and more accurate than would otherwise have been the case. In particular I would like to thank Mark Bertram, a former Head of the Overseas Estate Department at the FCO, without whose interest, help in facilitating access to the current FCO and encouragement the project would never have reached its current state.

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This Directory cannot be fully comprehensive. A number of past and present organizations, departments and posts have been omitted. To those who may be aggrieved at particular omissions I can only offer my apologies. It is hoped however that the project will provide a reference tool for those engaged in research or study of British Diplomatic and Colonial History and will be of interest to those who have served or serve in the Diplomatic Service. It is obvious that I am an "outsider" attempting to chronicle the careers of senior diplomats and colonial officials. I am immensely proud that others are now of the opinion that this project is worthy of the official endorsement of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and worth preserving as a permanent record. It will, one day, become the responsibility of others to continue to update. Colin A. Mackie, October 2013

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INTRODUCTION

SCOPE AND STRUCTURE

This Directory includes senior British diplomats, and other British civil servants working in a similar capacity, who held posts overseas and in London. It is confined to individuals who worked at Counsellor/Assistant Secretary grades and above.

The main part of the Directory(Sections A-D) relates to the Diplomatic Service since 1789 and to the Foreign Office since 1841. The starting point of the year 1789 in both Sections A and B was chosen because of the use made of the volume published by the Royal Historical Society: "British Diplomatic Representatives 1789-1852"(Bindoff, Malcolm Smith and Webster, 1934). It includes those who served in the succession of Offices which were merged with the Foreign Office in the later part of the twentieth century(the Dominions Office 1925-47, the Commonwealth Relations Office 1947-66 and the Commonwealth Office 1966-1968) to become the Foreign and Commonwealth Office(FCO) in 1968.

Section A is an Alphabetical List of British Diplomats and their appointments from 1789 until the present. It includes all those individuals who held posts listed in Sections B, C and D but the appointments given for each individual are by necessity only those contained in the lists in subsequent sections.

Section B is an alphabetical list of countries in which diplomatic missions and subsidiary posts have been established, with successive holders of senior posts in each.

Section C records the changing structure in London of the Foreign Office between 1841 and 1968 and of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office since then, and lists the successive holders of the titles described. (This Directory, as far as I am aware, is the first to attempt such a summary.) Section D is comparable to Section C, but deals solely with the Dominions Office, Commonwealth Relations Office and Commonwealth Office from their inception until their absorption by a successor Department.

The remainder of the Directory(Sections E-J) relate to the Colonial Office and the India Office. Section E is an alphabetical list of Colonial officials from 1850 until the date of a colony's independence and of Colonial Office senior officials, with the posts held by each.

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Section F is an alphabetical list of Colonies with lists of Governors and the Colonial or Chief Secretaries in each. Section G covers the structure of the Colonial Office since 1854 and lists its senior officials until its merger with the Commonwealth Relations Office in 1966.

Sections H, I and J relate to the India Office between 1858 and 1947 and provide coverage of both Indian Governors and the senior staff of the India Office in London.

SOURCES

A Select Bibliography is provided on page 8. Initially the principal source used was the annual Foreign Office List(from 1965 the Diplomatic Service List). However publication of this invaluable source ceased in 2006. In addition, latterly the annual editions only provided complete lists of the names of Ambassadors for the previous twenty years or so.

My access to these Lists (and to those of the Colonial Office, India Office and Commonwealth Relations Office-as the project expanded) was through very lengthy periods over many years spent working in the Reference Room of the Edinburgh Public Library. That library however does not hold copies of these lists from the earlier part of my chosen period. In the later stages of the exercise I had the advantage of being able to work at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Library and at the National Archives at Kew and to make use of the Lists unavailable in Edinburgh.

DIPLOMATS AND HOME CIVIL SERVANTS

While the great majority of officials in this Directory would nowadays be called diplomats, thus justifying the title of this Directory, many of them were not defined as diplomats at the time of their service. The definition of a diplomat has widened significantly since the early twentieth century. Until 1919 a British diplomat was a member of the Diplomatic Service, which staffed missions overseas. It had been uncommon for such a diplomat to be employed within the Foreign Office in London although such employment had been increasing prior to the end of the First World War. When the Diplomatic Service and the Foreign Office were officially merged in 1919 all of the staff became members of the new Diplomatic Service. Foreign Office staff, in other words, became diplomats. Similarly, the Consular Service had been separate until it too was merged with the Diplomatic Service at the end of the Second World War. All former Commonwealth Relations Office and Colonial Office staff who joined the Foreign Office in the mid-1960s to create the Foreign and Commonwealth Office were transferred from the Home Civil Service to the Diplomatic Service, thereby becoming diplomats.

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GENERAL NOTES

There are a few gaps in the lists of postholders overseas and in the succession of departments at home. Chief among the gaps are Colonial Office departments and postholders during the Second World War. The Colonial Office List was not published between 1941 and 1945 or in 1947. The cessation of publication of the Diplomatic Service List in 2006 has made it exceptionally difficult to identify a number of postholders beyond Heads of Missions overseas.

There will always be a certain amount of uncertainty regarding dates. It has not been possible for me to emulate the depth of research into each post carried out by Bindoff, Malcolm Smith and Webster or to consult the original documents and records available to them. The most common area of difficulty in relation to dates is that the individual's appointment to a particular post and the actual assumption of duties may have occurred in successive calendar years. Where possible I have used the dates given in the Foreign Office Lists but for other appointments, particularly in the 19th century, where use has been made of, for example, the London Gazette, the date of commencement is clearly that when the appointment was announced in London. There can also be discrepancies between the information provided, for example, in an official publication and the information included in an individual's entry in "Who's Who". Given that the latter represents the memory of an individual, which may demonstrably be fallible, such discrepancies have been resolved in favour of official publications where possible.

I have attempted to identify Acting appointments and to exclude those from the listings.

Throughout the entire project no attempt has been made to include those honours and decorations held by an individual at the time of his or her occupation of a specific post. For each person the "final" honours awarded are provided. Honours or decorations awarded to diplomats by foreign governments or by Commonwealth countries are not included

The research involved in compiling these lists has been of exceptional difficulty and there will without any doubt be some mistakes and inaccuracies, errors of transcription, typographical errors, errors transliterated from the sources themselves. I hope that users will not be slow to draw these to my attention. I can be contacted at britishdiplomatsdirectory@

The Directory will be updated at regular intervals and the FCO will arrange for the published version in their ISSUU series to be similarly updated.

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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY:

"The Foreign Office List", H.M. Stationery Office, London (annual editions from 1852 until 1965)

"The Diplomatic Service List", H.M. Stationery Office, London (annual editions from 1966 until 2006)

"The Colonial Office List", H.M. Stationery Office, London(annual editions from 1862 until 1966)("The Dominions Office and Colonial Office List" from 1925 until 1952)

"The Commonwealth Relations Office List", H.M. Stationery Office, London(annual editions from 1951 until 1965)

"The India Office List"(earlier "The India List"), H.M. Stationery Office, London(annual editions until 1947)

"The London Gazette", H.M. Stationery Office Bindoff, S.T., Malcolm Smith, E.F. and Webster, C.K., "British Diplomatic Representatives

1789-1852", Royal Historical Society. London, 1934 Blakely, Brian L., "The Colonial Office 1868-1892", Duke University Press, Durham N.C., 1972 Fiddes, Sir George V., "The Dominions and Colonial Offices", Putnam's, London, 1926 Gore-Booth, Paul (Lord), "With Great Truth and Respect", Constable, London, 1974 Greenhill, Denis (Lord), "More by Accident", Wilton 65, 1992 Hall, Henry L., "The Colonial Office", Longmans, London, 1937 Jeffries, Sir Charles, "The Colonial Office", Allen & Unwin, London, 1956 Jones, Ray, "The Nineteenth-Century Foreign Office: An Administrative History",

LSE/Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1971 Kirk-Greene, Anthony H.M., "A Biographical Dictionary of the British Colonial Governor,

Vol. I: Africa", The Harvester Press, Brighton, 1980 Kirk-Greene, Anthony H.M., "On Crown Service: A History of HM Colonial and Overseas

Civil Services, 1837-1997", I.B. Tauris, London, 1999 Kubicek, Robert V., "The Administration of Imperialism: Joseph Chamberlain at the Colonial

Office", Duke University Press, Durham N.C., 1969 Maisel, Ephraim, "The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy 1919-1926, Sussex Academic Press,

1994 Neilson, Keith and Otte, T.G., "The Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs,

1854-1946", Routledge, London, 2009 Steiner, Zara, "The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy 1898-1914", Cambridge University

Press, 1969 Strang, Lord, "The Foreign Office", Allen & Unwin, London, 1955 Tilley, Sir John and Gaselee, Sir Stephen, "The Foreign Office", Putnam's, London, 1933 "Whitaker's Almanack", A & C Black, London (annual editions) "Who's Who", A & C Black, London (annual editions)

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