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The Post War Period The Cold WarA period in History that was dominated by the threat of nuclear war between the USA and the USSR (Now Russia). Most would say: 1945-1989 (91).As you can see. Canada is between the two superpowers and has radar stations built to detect incoming missiles or planes.After Nuclear Weapons were used on Japan at the end of WW2 an Arms Race. Happened where the two powers rapidly developed weapons.Pretty quickly it became clear that neither country would survive a nuclear attack and a policy of M.A.D was adopted. (Mutually Assured Destruction). This seems to have resulted in a reduction of large-scale war between world powers.However, many smaller wars took place as both sides tried to extend their influence and ally or install friendly governments.The Korean War, The Vietnam War, The Soviet—Afghan war and others are considered “Proxy Wars” i.e. wars between a Major Power and a less powerful country usually supported by the other major power.Domino Theory: one nation after another could fall to communism and under the control of the Soviet Union or China. (Called satellite states)Iron curtain had been set up. (Dividing line between communist and non-communist nations). The city of Berlin had a wall between the two halves. Containment: policy to halt the spread of Communism.Truman Doctrine set up to help nations resist communism by giving them economic and military aid,Marshall Plan: money to rebuild Europe after WWII and resist communism.The Cold War endedCommunism vs. CapitalismFree trade, little government involvement – CapitalismEverything owned in common, Structured equality-- CommunismCanada is a socialist country according to most because we have free healthcare, good public education, a welfare state etc… That means we’re a little towards the Communist side of the political spectrum.center635Many Communist states have all powerful governments that make all other political parties illegal and have flawed democracies.Most people accept that Democracy is the best system to prevent too much corruption.Nuclear WeaponsNuclear Bombs are measured in kilotons (1000 tons) of TNT (Dynamite).Or more recently Megatons (millions of tons).0-19052604770196215The largest ever built was the Tsar Bomba (King of Bombs) it was 100 Megatons, it was tested at 50 megatons in the USSR (now called Russia).The blast broke windows 900 km away and produced at 8km fireball. Since then, many delivery systems have made the threat of war worse.Planes exist with huge nuclear payloads that don’t have to land. They can be refueled in the air.ICBM – Missiles that can travel between continents.MIRV- multi warheads.Nuclear Submarine: Can launch while underwater and never needs to refuel.Cruise Missiles: Fly at low altitude so they’re hard to detect and shoot down.Stealth Technology: Attacks are hard to predict and defend against.This ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR) when they were outspent by the US. (1989-1991). The Post War Period (Part II)After the first World War, there was a government established for the world. It was called the League of Nations. Because of the second world war, it was thought of as a failure.The United NationsThe League of Nations had no military and not all nations were members.The UN Had four goals:World peace (like the League of Nations)Encourage co-operation between nationsDefending human rightsImproving standard of living.UN General assemblyAll nations are members.One vote each2/3 majority needed for decisions.Security council (Tries to maintain peace, but many problems exist).Resp. for maintaining world peace.5 permanent members: China, France, Britain, US, Russia.Other nations rotate through a seat.Permanent members have veto power.International court of JusticeLocated in The Hague (Netherlands)AKA: World Court.Makes rulings on disputes.Humanitarian Agenciesi.e.: UNICEF, World Health Organization.Provide assistance and aid around the world.Canada has always played a major role in the UN---Esp. peace keeping.Israel and the Rise of Global Muslim Terrorism--After knowledge of the Holocaust had come out, most people were sympathetic towards the Jewish people (Many for the first time).--The region of the Middle East that is now Israel was controlled before the war by the Ottoman Empire (a Turkish Muslim Empire) before WW1 and Britain after.--A little after WW2 the UN accepts membership of Israel as a new country.0635This region had been Muslim for a long time and there has been off and on anger about the creation of this country by “The West” on what people saw as Muslim (Palestinian) land.Terrorists often will cite this as a reason that they must fight the US.Many Muslim groups and nations feel Israel is there enemy and an ongoing colonization of their land (Israel keeps getting slightly bigger).However, Israel is wealthy, has a very powerful military with Nuclear Weapons and often counts the US (the world’s most powerful military) as an ally.3286125518160Something that is not often talked about is that many extremist Muslims were supported (and in some cases armed and trained) by the CIA (the US spy agency). This is particularly true of Osama Bin Laden and the Mujahideen. They were secretly used against Russia (the USSR) in the Soviet/Afghan war. (There is a movie called Charlie Wilson’s War which is pro-American that is about this).Many people feel that Palestine, which is a huge Muslim Nation that is controlled by Israel, is being badly mistreated and is in a state of Military occupation.There are also US military bases in Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Turkey and Iraq after all the recent conflicts, so it’s understandable that they feel they are being taken over.EXTENSION: Here is a history of the conflict: The Post War Period (Part III)left5715 Culture in Canada during the Post War50000 bachelors came back from Europe with wives. -28575840740Having large families peaked at this time resulting in the “Baby Boom” especially in North America. “Baby bonuses” set up to help big families.After World War 11, Canadian soldiers (veterans) received counseling, financial aid, etc.The economy was good and people had MONEY.Urbanization (including suburbs and car transportation into the cities.)Many displaced persons (immigrants) moved to Canada; mostly from Europe.Unemployment insurance set up to temporarily help people who lost their jobs. Elvis was popular as was Paul Anka (the Justin Beiber of his day).During this period, Canada had a good reputation internationally. In the 50s when Egypt took over the Suez Canal. Lester B. Pearson got the Nobel Peace Prize for defusing the situation. He later became Prime Minister and introduced Universal Healthcare. Canada had also contributed to rebuild Europe after WW2 and offered a lot of aid to struggling countries in the 60s it made an office to manage this CIDA. 382905020002560s and the YouthquakeMany young people reached adulthood and politics the counterculture became strong people protested and rebelled. This was sometimes called the youthquake.In the US huge and powerful Anti-War and Civil Rights movements changed society.A little before this 1949 Asian people and First Nations finally got the vote in Canada.Drug culture became mainstream in the late 60s and 70s. This period was also known as the sexual revolution.This is when Beatlemania hit North AmericaImproved rights for women. Feminists wanted fair wages, job opportunities.Canada became a much more liberal nation (abortions, homosexuality, divorce were more legal).The Environmental Movement also took off at this time.left577215Pierre Trudeau was elected and was wildly popular for a time. His bride was 22 and from West Van (He was 51).Trudeau Wanted a “just society”Implemented the “Official Language Act” to make Canada more bilingual and biculturalmulticulturalismQuebec and SeperatismExpo 67’ French President General de Gaulle shouted out “Long live a free Quebec!”A radical (eventually terrorist) organization practiced robbery and vandalism finally abducting and murdering a man during the October Crisis in 1970.There were eventually 2 referendums to separate: 1980 and 1995.left635Quebec has its own unique culture and worries it could be lost to the English neighbours that surround it. 1980s: Independence and DebtAn important moment for Canada was when we finally wrote our own Constitution (The main laws of Canada). This was one of many examples of when the provinces couldn’t agree on how to do this. In 1982 a sketchy compromise was reached and Canada was finally completely independent of Britain.2724150-3810When Trudeau left office, Canada was hugely in debt. In the 90s many services were cut to pay off the debt. Inflation was high (Money was worth less and less and prices on everything went up) and by 1995 60% of what Canada made in a year was owed to creditors. 3 years later, most feel this was under control. Education, Health Care, Pensions, Government jobs and many other things were effected.AssignmentMake a piece of art:Something about Canada.Something about the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s or 90s. Drawing. Collage. Outfit. Something about Korean or Afghan war.ExtensionRead the online chapter 7 and answer 1/3rd of the questions.The 21st CenturyIn 2001, Al-Qaeda terrorists seized 4 passenger planes and crash them. Two hit the World Trade Centre in New York, 1 hits the Pentagon and 1 is shot down.324548568580left40366958636061595 This was historic for several reasons: the type of enemy and the type of war had changed. Prior to this, the threat in the minds of Americans was the USSR and Communism. Now it was Islamic terrorism and Nuclear War wasn’t the thing to fear, it was terrorism.This also lead to the War in Iraq and eventually the war in Afghanistan. Canada and the UN refused to take part in the war in Iraq, many, including some who were involved thought it was about oil and would be bad for world peace. Canada took part in the War in Afghanistan for 12+ years and 165 of 40000 soldiers died. Why? There was a better case that the Taliban regime was supporting Islamic terrorism and mistreating women.244919539370One reason Canada and the UN likely participated was that it had some terrible experiences with Peacekeeping in the 1990s like the Rwandan and Bosnian Genocides.In each case Canada and the UN had tried to stop killing, but in the first they couldn’t take action and in the second they couldn’t control the situation. 800 000 died in Rwanda.These were further failures of the UNs promise to protect people and prevent war.EXTENSION: Read or watch videos about the war in Afghanistan: the same time, a far less noticeable, but just as powerful historic event was taking place: Apple released the iPod. The internet was developed in 1993 and there were early mobile phones with some PDA capability, but it wasn’t until Macworld 2007 that the modern smartphone was born.4699019685In 1997, Apple was in financial trouble competing with Microsoft, but when the US government had threatened to break up the PC company, Bill Gates gave Apple to money to continue.Why was the ipod a big deal? Apple is the largest technology company in the world and one of the largest companies of any kind (COVID is helping). Apple, Amazon, Alphabet(Google), Facebook are also richer and more powerful than many governments.Apple started charging money for songs with the ipod and making computers pocket-sized, easy to use, wireless and fun. This was the start of the Smart Phone revolution that would change human beings and the world.2913380173355 One of the main reasons for this Facebook came out at around the same time and Social Media became very, very popular. It has for many taken over every other hobby.These technologies changed how almost every industry functions. Record companies used to control who made it in music, now techology and social media sell music. Marketing was done by big advertisers since Madmen. Now most money is earned by good-looking “influencers” in the 20s and 30s.Social media has changed what is true. Before, Newspapers, Radio and TV used to control the dialogue about what is happening. Most news is now read online, on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and other platforms. Governments are often decided by their social media campaigns and it’s not much of disadvange to lie. The scarey thing is that computers share information with you they think you will like, not what is most accurate.Social Media even played a major role in the Arab Spring where people organized protests and brought down governments started civil wars, on Facebook. The Growing Pains of the Modern WorldThis period has seen a serious rise in human caused Environmental Damage:Human caused climate changeSpecies extinction Ocean PlasticHave especially come to peoples’ attention in the last 20 years.EXTENSION: Problems like poor physical health due to sedentism and bad diet and adolescent mental illness.There is some good news. Human health and extreme poverty has dramatically improved.Violent crime has declined across the world since the 60s.2560320805180For 60 years large scale war has become much more rare.Human knowledge and technology is increasing faster than it every has…many times faster.EXTENSION: Choose a few (3-8) events that seem important and you have heard of from this period (most of which is your lifetime). Explain them breifly in your own words in you Learning Log. If you wish explain why they matter to you or your family or friends. ................
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