SIETAR Northwest Region | SIETAR NW Official Site
SUGGESTED READINGS ON HUMAN RELATIONS,
VALUES, HUMAN DIVERSITY
Donna Stringer, Ph.D.
Founder Emeritus, Executive Diversity Services, Inc.
Abramms, Bob & George F. Simons. (1996). Cultural Diversity Sourcebook. Amherst, MA: ODT, Inc.
This is a valuable collection of many classic articles in the field, separated into twelve sections: Class, African Americans, Gender, Diverse America, Best practices, Diversity under Fire, Applications, Spirit, Alternative Models & Visions, Key Dilemmas, Dismantling Affirmative Action and The Future. Each section begins with a dialogue between the two authors. Many of the articles would be effective as classroom handouts. (Donna Stringer)
Adkins, Gary Y. (2003) Diversity Beyond the Numbers. Long Beach, CA: GDI Press.
The author proposes a new approach to diversitythat he calls Vitality Consulting—another term for inclusion. He uses critical social theory, identity theory and complexity science to demonstrate how complex people and organizations are and to identify what is necessary for an organization to become a vital culture that enables diversity and/or constructs ethical pluralism. This book provides some genuinely new ways of exploring diversity in organizations. Unfortunately, however, it is poorly organized and indexed. The format and layout of the book as well as the author’s writing style make the
book difficult to read. (Donna Stringer)
Adler, Nancy J. (2002). International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior. 4th Edition (Chapter on multicultural teams). Kent International Business Series, Wadsworth.
This is an outstanding resource for teaching about managing diversity. Includes both domestic and international information from a values-based, intercultural perspective. (Donna Stringer)
Aguilar, Leslie and Stokes, Linda. (1995). Multi-Cultural Customer Service: Providing Outstanding Service Across Cultures. Irwin Professional Publishing.
Allport, Gordon. (1988). The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
The classic study of the roots of discrimination, originally published in 1954, offers important information and insights for those training about or dealing with prejudice and stereotyping. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe).
Alvarez, Rodolfo, Kenneth G. Lutterman & Associates.(1997). Discrimination in Organizations. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA.
Each chapter in this book measures some aspect of discrimination in organizations, pointing out the complexity of discrimination. Included are: participation rates, financial distributions, power distributions, opportunity distribution, psychic reward and punishment distribution. Secondary discrimination, according to the author, is the way organizations assume white male structures as the "norm" since they are the group who has set the rules historically. (Donna Stringer)
Althen, Gary. (1988). American Ways. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
Intended for foreign visitors to the US, this book provides an overview of American cultural values, communication styles, ways of reasoning and differences in customs. The remaining chapters demonstrate how politics, family life, education, and other American institutions and relationships support the primary values. The book closes with some tips for coping with cultural difference. (Donna Stringer)
Andres, Tomas. (1981). Understanding Filipino Values: A Management Approach. Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines: New Day.
This book is a resource for understanding Filipino culture and values with an emphasis on management issues. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Armour, Monica and Carlos Freire. (1989). Human Resource Development Programs for Multicultural Multiracial Contexts. Toronto, Ontario, Candada: Transcultural Consultant Services.
This is a small handbook to help with the design, development, and implementation of non-discriminatory adult training programs. It is easy to read and quite practical. (Donna Stringer).
Asante, Melefi Kete, and William B. Gudykunst, eds. (1989). Handbook of International and Intercultural Communications. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.
This collection of articles by noted experts deals with such topics as encounters in the interracial workplace and the cultural dimensions of nonverbal communication. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe).
Atkinson, Donald, George Morten, and Derald Wing Sue. (1983). Counseling American Minorities: A Cross-cultural Perspective. William C. Brown Co., Dubuque, IA.
Augsburger, David W. (1992). Conflict Mediation Across Cultures. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster/John Knox Press.
The first five chapters of this book provide overview perspectives of conflict andhow it is seen in a number of cultures. Chapter six explores gender differences. Chapter seven is the only chapter that deals directly with mediation and how it is handled in different cultural contexts. Chapter eight examines cycles and patterns of conflict. The final chapter looks at the reconciliation process. The book is liberally sprinkled with cultural sayings, stories, examples, and visual charts. The book is relatively easy to read and also basic for those who are well versed in conflict and mediation. (Donna Stringer)
Avruch, Kevin. (1998). Culture and Conflict Resolution. Washington, D.C.: US Peace Institute.
Beginning with a brief history of how culture has been define and conceptualized, the author proceeds to examine the methods of conflict resolution. In the final chapter, he makes the case that culture must be considered if conflict resolution is to be effective. (Donna Stringer)
Avruch, Kevin, Peter Black, and Joseph Scimecca. (1991). Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. New York, NY: Greenwood.
Axtell, Roger. (1991). The Do's and Taboos of Body Language Around the World. NY: John Wiley.
This small volume has gestures and body language from 82 countries. They are listed first by gesture and then by country for quick access to information. Useful and fun. (Donna Stringer)
Axtell, Roger. (1997). Do's and Taboos Around the World for Women in Business. NY: John Wiley.
A quick read with valuable information, especially for first time international travelers. The first section includes general information regarding safety, health and packing. Part two provides culture specific information regarding Europe, Asia, Islam, Australia, Israel and Latin America. Each chapter covers women’s status, business behavior, general etiquette and additional reading suggestions. (Donna Stringer)
Banks, James A. and Cherry A. McGee Banks, Editors (1989). Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspecives. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Beginning with a history, definition, and justification for multicultural education, the editors of this book include sections on Social Class, Religion, Gender, Ethnicity and Language, and Exceptionality. The last section discusses school reform. This is an early, classic treatment of the issues involved in multicultural education. Each chapter ends with outstanding discussion questions and reference lists. It is a “must read” for anyone entering the field of multicultural education. (Donna Stringer)
Barnlund, Dean. (1989). Communicative Styles of Japanese and Americans: Images and Realities. Belmont, Ca: Wadsworth Co.
Beginning with an overview of historical differences in literature, fine arts, popular arts, philosophy and behavioral sciences, Dr. Barnlund then proceeds to discuss data about how things are currently changing in those areas in both Japan and the U.S. He then compares Japanese and Americans in the areas of social space, treatment of strangers, intimacy, verbal and nonverbal aspects of intimacy, commitment, conflict. And finally, he compares the two cultures in terms of changing environment and how those changes may affect interpersonal relationships and communication. Always optomistic, the author critically evaluates the impact of overcrowing, urbanization, etc. but leaves the reader feeling that human beings have a drive to survive which will help us communicate effectively across cultures because we cannot live without each other. This is a particularly important book for anyone intending to travel, live, or do business with Japanese. (Donna Stringer)
Barnlund, Dean. (1975). Public and Private Self in Japan and the United States. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
An outstanding overview of the communication styles of Japanese and U.S. citizens, with focus on public/private selves. Reports on research which identifies appropriate topics for discussion in both cultures, verbal and nonverbal behavior contrasts, and information this information provides about each culture and the potential points of conflict. (Donna Stringer)
Batchelder, Donald & Elizabeth Warner. (1977). Beyond Experience: The experiential approach to cross-cultural education. Brattleboro, VT: The Experiment Press.
This book presents information, personal reflections, and exercises from The Experiment in International Living, a living-abroad educational program. Its primary usefulness lies in the exercises and simulations it contains including The Owl and The Albatross. (Donna Stringer)
Bean, Frank D. and Marta Tienda. (1987). The Hispanic Population of the United States. NY, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Bennett, Milton J. (1998). Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
An outstanding collection of seminal articles in the area of intercultural communication. This is a basic reader for anyone wanting to enter the field of intercultural communication—every article contained is a “must read”. (Donna Stringer)
Bennis, W. and Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge. NY: Harper & Row.
This book presents an outstanding perspective on leadership. The authors carefully outline the leader's responsibilities and personal qualities, give us four strategies to leadership (vision, communication, trust and deployment of self), and end with discussion of empowerment. This is leadership in its most humane/transformational element. (Donna Stringer)
Blank, Renee & Sandra Slipp. (2000). From the Outside In: Seven Strategies for success when you’re not a member of the dominant group in your workplace. NY: American Management Assn., 2000.
This is an extremely useful book for people newly entering the workforce, probably less so for those who have more experience. The seven strategies include not assuming everyone is hostile, asking for help, maximizing your value to the organization, blowing your own horn, adapting your cultural style to the organization’s, knowing your rights, and having a vision/plan you carry out. Each chapter reviews the strategy and why it is important, gives a few brief scenarios with analysis of how the strategy can be used, some success stories, and then more succinct ways to use the strategy. An easy-to-read, “must have” book for new employees. (Donna Stringer)
Blumenfeld, Warren J. (1992). Homophobia: How we all pay the price. Boston: Beacon Press.
The primary theme of this bookis how homophobia hurts both gay and straight populations. Chapters are easy to read and include both personal stories and information. Topics include family relationships, religious institutions, social policy and social relations. A final chapter includes how to run an antihomophobia workshop including some nice exercises. Donna Stringer.
Bowser, Benjamin P. & Raymond G. Hunt. (1996) Impacts of Racism on White Americans. Thousant Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
This is the second edition of this book of readings that explore individual, organizational, and cultural impacts of racism on white Americans. A good reader for anyone who has not considered this issue; a bit basic for anyone who has considered it. The final two chapters of this book are particularly useful. The first is the final review from the first edition while the last chapter considers what has changed since the first edition was published in 1981. (Donna Stringer)
Brake, Terence & Walker, Danielle. (1995) Doing Business Internationally: The Workbook to Cross-Cultural Success. Trenton, N.J.: Princeton Training Press.
This book begins with an outstanding overview of cultural value orientations, including defintions, implications at work and country-specific illustrations. The authors outline four levels of cultural competence and overview primary beliee systems. They provide overview of six global regions (Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America, Middle East and North America) and provide cross cultural communication guidance based on values. A section on managing people provides cultural competence guidelines in the areas of planning, organizaing, staffing, leading and controlling. The book ends with a resource section. Throughout this book the authors provide study questions and case studies that allow the reader to assess their own skills and understanding of concepts. This is an outstanding source for international business education. (Donna Stringer)
Brislin, R. W. (1990). Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
One of Brislin’s earlier books, this one provides foundational chapters in understanding ethnocentrism, poverty, educational classrooms, indigenous and international populations. He also looks at dispute processing, leadership styles, acculturation, health systems and cross cultural orientation. As with all of his books, this one is composed of basic, classic chapters on intercultural issues. A good read for someone wanting to gain information that is core to the field. (Donna Stringer)
Brislin, Richard. (1994). Improving Intercultural Interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Brislin, Richard W. (1981). Cross-cultural Encounters: Face-to-Face Interaction. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.
Brislin, Richard W. (1977). Culture Learning: Concepts, Applications And Research. Honolulu, HI: East-West Center.
Brislin, Richard W. (1993). Understanding Culture's Influence on Behavior. Harcourt Brace.
Following a definition of culture and 12 features of cultue that help explain cultural behavior, the author reviews 5 theoretical concepts that are useful in understanding culture: effects of education and training, ethnocentrism, attribution, disconfirmed expectations and individualism vs. collectivism. One chapter covers methodological issues in cross cultural research from an emic/etic perspective. A chapter on socialization looks at both national culture and social class and how they affect socialized behaviors including a look at how family socialization has been impacted by changing economy, work patterns, migration, etc. Two separate chapters cultural impact on socialization in home and education. The chapter on intercultural contact explores stereotypes, prejudices, discrimination, legal changes, and contact theory. Successful interactions are described as being considered respectful by both parties, objectives are met efficiently, and both experience minimal stress as the result of the interaction. Given this definition, Brislin reviews the research on characteristics of individuals who are successful cross culturally, examines communication style differences and outlines effective training program components. In exploring work, Brislin identies five values that affect workplace behaviors and examines the research on leadership. The final two chapters review research on gender differences and health care in cross cultural contexts. This is a good overview of the field and would be useful in as a general textbook. (Donna Stringer)
Brislin, Richard, S. Bochner, & W. Lonner. (1975). Cross-cultural Perspectives on Learning. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Brislin, Richard W. & Pedersen, P. (1976). Cross-Cultural Orientation Programs. NY: Gardner Press.
Brislin, Richard W., Kenneth Cushner, Craig Cherrie & Mahealani Yong. (1986). Intercultural Interactions: A Practical Guide. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Intended for preparation of those expecting to live in or interact extensively with members of another culture. Part I discusses issues involved in extensive interaction with persons from another culture. Part II provides 100 critical incidents, each with multiple-choice solutions. Rationales are then provided for each of the choices provided. The critical incidents are categorized into host customs, interaction with hosts, settling in and making adjustments, tourist experiences, the workplace, the family, education and schooling, and returning home. The final section includes essays integrating points from the critical incidents, focussing on feelings, knowledge areas, and the bases for cultural differences. While the critical incidents could be adapted for use by people interacting with other cultures within their own country, it will be most useful for the international traveler. (Donna Stringer)
Brislin, Richard & Tomoko Yoshida. (1994). Improving Intercultural Interactions: Modules for Cross Cultural Training Programs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Includes modules for Business, Education, Social and Health Services and Communicating Across Cultural Borders. Each module includes a Self Assessment (some are stronger than others), Case Studies, a narrative regarding the skill concepts being developed, Skill applications (sometimes weak) and Field Exercises. The case studies are separated from their explanation which is included in the skill concept section. The primary focus of all modules is the difference between individual and collective orientations. Useful for more experienced trainers—less so for inexperienced trainers who may not have the ability to adapt and/or strengthen the ideas presented. (Donna Stringer)
Brislin, Richard & Tomoko Yoshida. (1994). Intercultural Communication Training: An Introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Beginning with a discussion of both why and how to set goals and conduct needs assessments, the authors then offer a full chapter on each of the core components of training: awareness and knowledge, affect, and skills. In the chapter on emotional challenges, they cover several assessment instruments and the Bennett Model of Intercultural Development as tools which can be used to assess the readiness of participants for training and guide the trainer in program development. A chapter on evaluation of training programs outlines issues and challenges in evaluating programs and the final chapter does a nice job of identifying action steps for people who think they want to become intercultural trainers. A nice bibliography is provided. A good, basic reading, for new or potential trainers. (Donna Stringer)
Carbaugh, Donald. (1990). Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbasum Associates.
Carnevale, Anthony Patrick and S.Kanu Kogud. (1996). Tools and Activities for a Diverse Work Force. NY: McGraw-Hill.
This is an outstanding training manual. It begins by acknowledging multiple conceptual orientations and approaches to diversity, followed by an assessment section including individual awareness, management self assessment and organizational assessments. The section with training activities includes may creative, “new” ideas not found in other training manuals including exercises to explore disabilities, gender, gay and lesbian issues. Management skills development has both good information and exercises. The last two sections, conflict and organizational strategies are the weakest with little new information. (Donna Stringer)
Carroll, Stephen J. & Martin J. Gannon. (1997). Ethical Dimensions of International Management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
This is an outstanding resource on international business issues. The authors explore national value systems and how those values translate to business behaviors that are seen as ethical or unethical across national culturals in business transactions. Superb case studies are included. (Donna Stringer)
Carr-Ruffino, Norma. (1996). Managing Diversity: People Skills for a Multicultural Workplace. International Thomson Publishing.
Intended as a cross cultural communication textbook, this includes background on demographics, culture, prejudice, chapters on culture specific groups including gender, African Americans, Asian Americans, Latino Americans, Gays, People with Disabilities, Older persons, Obese persons and a multi-cultural management approach. Each section includes myths and facts and current profiles. Accompanied by a workbook with exercises and case studies. (Donna Stringer)
Casse, Pierre. (1981). Training for the Cross-Cultural Mind. 2nd Ed., Washington, D. C.: SIETAR.
This book begins with an outstanding introductory section including information about learning, the workshop method, competencies for cross-cultural trainers, and basic readings. Four sections (discovering, inventing, producing, conceptualizing, and evaluating) provide a wide range of useful experiential exercises including background material and suggested readings. The last section is intended for trainers and includes exercises on evaluating and marketing intercultural training. An excellent resource for trainers. (Donna Stringer)
Casse. Pierre. (1985). Training for the Multicultural Manager. Washington, D.C.: SIETAR.
An outstanding training manual for those intending to train managers in cross-cultural issues. Contains a useful compendium of exercises. (Donna Stringer)
Casse, P. and Deol, S. (1985). Managing Intercultural Negotiations. Washington, D.C.: SIETAR.
This is an outstanding collection of exercises regarding negotiation including the profile of a successful intercultural negotiator, planning and preparation for negotiation, negotiation skills and types, styles, strategies and tactics, and nonverbal communication. Chapter 1 provides a comparison of cultural assumptions related to negotiation for Japanese, North Americans and Latin Americans while Chapter 9 includes culture specific comparisons of negotiation styles of Americans, Indians, Arabs, Swedes, and Italians. (Donna Stringer)
Cheek, Donald K. (1976). Assertive Black...Puzzled White. Impact Publishers, Inc., San Luis Obispo, CA.
One of the most useful books published in relation to black/white communication and conflict style differences. Provides outstanding information in easy to read manner and readily understood visual formats. Unfortunately, the book is out of print. (Donna Stringer)
Chemers, Martin M., S. Oskamp and M. A. Costanzo. (1995). Diversity in Organizations: New Perspectives for a Changing Workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage Publication.
A series of research articles regarding workplace diversity, this book has outstanding chapters summarizing the most recent data on how diversity affects mentoring, decision-making, and leadership. (Donna Stringer)
Chong, Nilda and Francia Baez. (2005). Latino Culture: A Dynamic Force in the Changing American Workplace. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
The authors of this book begin by defining the term Latin and disribing the diversity of countries of countries that fall under this term. They then cover major workplace values and communication styles and Latino’s provoking vignettes to demonstrate each value of styles discussed. Gender differences are experienced with examples of how they might be seen at work. An overview of workstyles and contrasts with “mainstream” cultural workstyles gives the reader practical ideas about how to predict and understand behaviors of Latino employees, supervisors and colleagues. A chapter is devoted to specific work issues including interviewing feedback and harassment. Each chapter concludes with “cultural Pointers”: practical information that can assist in interpretation of Latino behaviors. The authors provide an extensive bibliography. This book is easy to read and very practical. It would be a good first read for anyone who wants to understand and work effectively with Latino colleagues. (D. Stringer)
Choy, Bong-Youn. (1979). Koreans in America. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
Clutterbuck, D., Ragins, B. R. (2002). Mentoring and Diversity: An international perspective. Oxford, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
This book begins with an outstanding review of the research on mentoring relationships and programs. It then proceeds to offer information about how to establish mentoring programs, how to build effective cross-race and cross-gender relationships, and how to avoid stereotyping. The authors provide a substantial number of both individual and organizational case studies that demonstrate the power of mentoring for protégés and how diversity in a mentoring program can benefit the organization as well as the individuals involved.
Cole, M. & Scribner, S. (1974). Culture and Thought. NY: John Wiley.
Condon, John C. (1985). Good Neighbors: Communicating with the Mexicans. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This book compares the U.S. and Mexican patterns of culture and communication in very practical terms. Under 100 pages long, the book provides many contrasts regarding how people from each culture might respond to the same situation and the conflicts which could result. Closes with extremely practical tips for avoiding conflict for both managers and travelers. 2nd Edition, 1997 updates and improves an excellent resource. (Donna Stringer)
Condon, John C. (1984). With Respect to the Japanese. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This book compares the U.S. and Japanese patterns on eleven different themes: basis of personal identification, nature of interpersonal relations, valued quality in work relations, promotion and mobility in work relations, preferred interpersonal communication channels, confrontation, social interaction, family and work loyalties, and time orientation. Also includes Japanese language expressions and recommended readings. An easy-to-read, quick reference to understanding some primary cultural differences. (Donna Stringer)
Condon, J. and Yousef, F. (1975). An Introduction to Intercultural Communication. NY: Macmillan Publishing Co.
This is basic reading for anyone working in the intercultural communication arena. Supports the concept of culture as a foundation for communcation, values and non-verbal behaviors. (Donna Stringer)
Copeland, L. & Griggs, L. (1985). Negotiation: How to Win in Foreign Negotiations, Going International: How to Make Friends and Deal Effectively in the Global Marketplace. New York: New American Library.
Cox, Taylor. (1994). Cultural Diversity in Organizations. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
This is an outstanding book, largely because the author provides an Interactional Model of Cultural Diversity (IMCD) which looks at four individual factors, three intergroup factors and four organizational context factors which develop the diversity climate fo rthe organization. The model--and the book--help the reader understand how these three factors work together, rather than focusing only on the individual or the organization as many other books have done. (Donna Stringer)
Cross, Elsie Y., Judith Katz, Frederick A. Miller, Edith W. Seashore. (1994). The Promise of Diversity: Over 40 Voices Discuss Strategies for Eliminating Discrimination in Organizations. NY: Irwin.
This is a collection of 53 articles regarding diversity. Authors are primarily members of the National Training Lab (NTL) Institute and write from an anti-oppression perspective. Each piece is short (3-10 pages) so it is easy to read. Most articles are quite surface, as one might expect from the length, but several could be useful as training handouts or quick overviews. (Donna Stringer)
Curt, Carmen Judith Nine. (1984). Non-verbal Communication. Cambridge, Mass: Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center.
This small book focuses specifically on differences between U.S. Anglo and Puerto Rican non-verbal behaviors. She gives very specific charts and examples of nonverbal gestures, greetings and polychronic behaviors in Puerto Rican culture as well as suggestions for ESL teachers. Useful for anyone working with or traveling to Puerto Rico. Also useful for teachers. (Donna Stringer)
Dalton, Maxine, Chris Ernst, Jennifer Deal & Jean Leslie. (2002). Success for the New Global Manager. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
Based on research by the Cenbter for Creative Leadership with 211 mnaagers from the US, Switzerland and Sweden, this book identifies the skill sets required of global managers both now and in the future. Supports cultural value differences in management and leadership. (Donna Stringer)
Dana, R.H. (1993). Multicultural Assessment: Perspective for Professional Psychology. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Davey, William G., ed. (1981). Intercultural Theory and Practice: A Case Method Approach. SIETAR.
This small handbook (114 pages) begins with a 4-page overview of how to use the case study method in training intercultural communication. It is then divided into five sections (Public Policy, Corporate Policy, Process & Evaluation, Human Relations and Education) which provide 15 case studies. It closes with a brief bibliography of books and articles regarding the case method approach. The cases are useful although the user would need to spend time identifying how to use them effectively because they are not outlined in a standard case study manner. Some of the references are poorly listed, lacking dates and sources.
(Donna Stringer)
Davies, Paul. (2004) What’s This INDIA Business? London: Nicholas Brealey International.
Written by a Brit with substantial business experience in India, this book has a preface and three major sections. The preface gives helpful background information on India’s economy, history, geography, weather, education and transportation. Part 1 examines offshoring and provides invaluable information and considerations for a company considering offshoring. Part 2 provides specific information for the individual business traveler from immigration and currency to tipping, cultural issues to be aware of, and what to expect of a meeting or social event. This part of the book is written in a personal, anecdotal manner, which makes it both practical and extremely entertaining. And, finally, Part 3 provides information that anyone thinking about offshoring will find invaluable. It is as close to a checklist as you will find anywhere for making decisions about whether to offshore and evaluating the effectiveness of such a decision. The highlight of this book, however, is Part 2 which is frequently a “laugh out loud” education about what you might encounter in India. It is an easy, practical, and enjoyable read. (Donna Stringer)
Davis, George and Glegg Watson. (1982). Black Life in Corporate America. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday.
An exploration of the effects of racism on Blacks in corporate America (Donna Stringer)
Deal, Terrance E. and Kennedy, Allen A. (1982). Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading, MA.
These authors studied a series of organizations and found the successful ones all shared a strong corporate culture while less successful ones may or may not have one. They defined culture as a widely shared vision, values and philosophy containing heroes, rituals and ceremonies. Succeeding chapters cover values, heroes, and rites and rituals, providing many examples of how these are demonstrated within corporate culture. They then discuss the corporate cultural network and how to use it effectively. Additional chapters provide information on how to identify corporate culture (they identify four primary types of cultures and use these types for the remainder of the book: tough guy-macho, work hard/play hard, Bet Your Company, and Process), how to diagnose cultures, signs of cultures in trouble, managing culture, changing corporate culture, and cultures of the future. This is a particularly helpful book for individuals who want to understand, diagnose, or change the corporate culture in which they find themselves. The authors also discuss, in a particularly sensitive manner, the difficulties that women and minorities have historically experienced fitting into corporate cultures and provide suggestions to both individuals and corporations on how to reduce the barriers to success for these employees. (Donna Stringer)
Dickens, Floyd and Jacqueline B. Dickens. (1982). The Black Manager. AMACOM/American Management Association, NY.
Although this book is over a decade old, it is still an extraordinarily useful and current resource. The authors identify a four-phase developmental model (Entry, Adjusting, Planned Growth, Success) for success of Black managers. Each stage contains a description of critical issues experienced during that period followed by detailed lists and descriptions of attitudes, feelings, behaviors and job skills required during that stage. The book is full of helpful suggestions for success. It also provides clear examples that should be helpful for non-Blacks in understanding the experiences of minorities in corporations and how to be an effective mentor and coach. (Donna Stringer)
Dickerson-Jones, Terri. (1993). 50 Activities for Managing Cultural Diversity. Amherst, MA, Human Resource Development Press, Inc.
The exercises in this manual are simplistic with debriefing times which would not allow for any in-depth exploration of ideas or feelings generated. The format of the book indicates that it was put together quickly and with little thought: typos abound, some exercises are on both sides of the page, others only on one side. Many of the "Discussion points" are really trainer answers rather than participant-focused questions to generate insights. The objectives are sometimes shallow and sometimes not addressed by the exercise itself. An entire series of "exercises" are really simple case studies written wimplistically and with directive discussion points which would not engage participants in thnking creatively. (Donna Stringer)
Dodd, Carley. (1991). Dynamics of Intercultural Communication. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
Dodd, Carley H. & Frank Montalvo. (1982). Intercultural Skills for Multicultural Societies. Washington, D.C., SIETAR.
A collection of articles by researchers, consultants, and practitioners regarding how to develop productive intercultural relationships and functional intercultural systems. The first section outlines skills required for intercultural effectiveness; the second section has a particularly useful chapter documenting how research is conducted to develop cultural-specific information and the usefulness and limitations of such data. Section three covers corporate cultural systems and the last section looks at macro-cultural systems (media, intercultural education and education exchange). (Donna Stringer)
Dresser, Norine. (1996). Multicultural Manners. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
This is a very nice collection of culture specific information in the areas of nonverbal behaviors, child rearing, classroom, clothes, colors, foods, gifts, beliefs, gender, time, verbal expressions, holidays and worship, and health practices. The appendix provides some basic information about five Southeast Asian refugee populations. Useful for potential international travelers and classroom examples for teachers/trainers. (Donna Stringer)
Drum, Jan, S. Hughes & George Otero. (1994). Global Winners: 74 learning activities for inside and outside the classroom. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This is an outstanding resource for classroom teachers. Each activity is “graded” for kindergarten through 9th graders. There are many, however, that can be adapted for use at multiple grade levels and/or for use with adults in diversity training settings. (Donna Stringer)
Early, G. (1993). Lure & Loathing: Essays on Race, Identity and the Ambivalence of Assimilation. New York, NY: Allen Lane
Elashmawi, Farid and Philip R. Harris. (1993). Multicultural Management: New Skills for Global Success. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company.
Beginning with a chapter documenting the reason multicultural management is necessary for survival in today’s world, the authors proceed to identify potential cross cultural clashes between U.S., Arab and Japanese business people. Chapter 3 defines culture and reviews key cultural values that exist in the U.S., Japan, Malaysia, Arabia, Russia, Sweden, and France, including examination of what people from each of those countries think about people from each other country. Examples are provided of cultural differences in the use of language, nonverbal behaviors, space, time, and behavioral norms. Contrasting corporate values are explored using Apple Computer and Matsushita followed by contrasting engineering and marketing cultures. A strength of this book is the many examples and “mini-quizzes” the authors provide for understanding of different national cultures; on the other hand, the greatest weakness is that it does not define the values discussed in behavioral terms. Chapter 5 contrasts American, Japanese and Arab business conduct in the areas of introductions, telephone conversations, use of language and time, information exchange, meetings, presentations, and written communications. Chapter 6 and 7 contrast these same three countries in the areas of training, motivation, performance evaluations, and negotiation techniques. The book closes with discussion of globalization and technology transfer. This is an extremely useful resource for managers or trainers conducting business internationally with specific focus on Japan and Arabia. (Donna Stringer)
Ferguson, Henry. (1988). Tomorrow's Global Executive. Dow Jones-Irwin.
Success in tomorrow's business rests on a company's ability to respond to international market forces. This book focuses on the skills and cultural understanding required for executives to work effectively in multicultural situations. (SIETAR/Pacific NW Newsletter)
Fernandez, John P. (1975). Black Managers in White Corporations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Based on research in eight major corporations, this book documents the continuing problems of blacks not having power/positions in corporate America. Specifically, he identifies five major problem areas which need attention: (1) stereotypes and their associated assumptions; (2) actual cultural differences; (3) exclusivity of the "white male club" and its associated access to important information and relationships; (4) unwritten rules and double standards for success which are often unknown to minorities; and (5) lack of communication about differences. (Donna Stringer)
Fernandez, John P. (1991). Managing a Diverse Workforce: Regaining the Competitive Edge. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books.
Based on a survey of over 50,000 managers and employees, the author documents the racism, sexism and ethnocentrism present in organizations across the country. He offers demographic data and attitudes regarding race, ethnicity, gener and age in the U.S., Japan and Europe. Though slightly dated, the information on diversity issues in these countries provide important background for understanding the historical context for diversity challenges. All of his data are richly supplemented by quotes from participants in their research and seminars. Chapter 11 reports stereotypes/attitudes in four timeframes: 1972, 1976-78 (when discrimination and negative attitudes and stereotypes decreased and from 76-78 and 1988 when they increased. He states that this suggests a national commitment to combat racism results in reduced racism. Latter chapters offer strategies for success in organizations. (Donna Stringer)
Fernandez, John P. (1999). Race, Gender & Rhetoric. NY: McGraw-Hill.
This book offers many ideas for creating a race- and gender-friendly organization both now and into the future—few of them new or innovative. The primary power of this book, however, is the first section which provides a 25 year perspective of shifts in attitudes and behaviors related to women and people of color—all of them using research over several successive timeframes. (Donna Stringer)
Fernandez, John P. (1981). Racism and Sexism in Corporate Life. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
Based on interviews with female and minority managers in organizations, this book comes to the following conclusions: blaming women and minorities for their position in organizations is a typical response; white Americans don't like to think of themselves as unfair although they engage in discrimination, insult, humiliation and denial of opportunities to women and minorities--this often results in women or minorities retreating into their own "ghettos" as the only psychological defense against unfair treatment by a dominant society; women are stereotyped, excluded from important work-related social interactions, have greater demands put on them, greater obstacles to overcome, and are made to feel inferior; aspirations women and minority managers are essentially the same as those of their male counterparts; and organizations will not be fully productive until they accept and utilize women and minority managers are essentially the same as those of their male counterparts; and organizations will not be fully productive until they accept and utilize women and minority managers. Recommendations for changing racism and sexism in corporations include improver employment practices; recognition of racism and sexism; educational programs; specifically designed work expectations, evaluations, career planning and development; and a strong equal employment opportunity program with both rewards and sanctions built in. (Donna Stringer)
Fieg, John B. and Blair, John G. (1980). There is a Difference: 17 Intercultural Perspectives. Meridian House International, Washing, D.C.
Fieg, John Paul and Elizabeth Mortlock. (1980). A Common Core: Thai’s and Americans. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
Both commonalities and differences between Thai and American cultures are explained. The authors discuss the implications of the differences both at work and in personal exchanges. (Donna Stringer)
Fisher, Glen. (1980). International Negotiation: A Cross-cultural Perspective. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
This small book is rich with information which will be useful to anyone negotiating in an international setting. It provides an overview of some key social psychology and cultural concepts. Five "considerations" in the negotiation are covered using French, Japanese and Mexican cultures to demonstrate the concepts which will be helpful in negotiations across any culturally different groups: the players and the situation; styles of decision making; national character; coping with cross cultural "noise"; and trusting interpreters and translators. (Donna Stringer).
Fisher, Glen. (1997). Mindsets: The role of culture and perception in international relations. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
Mindsets is the term Fisher uses to describe the perceptual filters people use to interpret the world around them. The author describes the role culture plays in establishing mindsets and culture clashes that can occur whenpeople have learned different ways to behave and interpret each others behaviors. This book offers negotiators cultural issues to identify including values, and behavior styles as they consider what issues might facilitate/impete successful negotiations across cultural differences. While useful for any negotiation, the greatest use will be in international settings. (Donna Stringer)
Forisha, Barbara L. & Barbara H. Goldman. (1981). Outsiders on the Inside. Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
An outstanding book outlining the issues women have in working within male organizations. I have used it both to educate and stimulate discussion for women. Can also be used to make men more aware of issues they had never thought of. Out of print. (Donna Stringer)
Fowler, Sandra M. and Monica Mumford. (1995) Intercultural Sourcebook. Volume I. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
This small volume (230 pages) is a “must read” for new trainers in the field of cross-cultural issues. It discusses six training methods: role plays, contrast culture, simulations, critical incidents, culture assimilators, and case studies. For each of these methods, different authors provide information including examples, potential uses, cautions and basic information which will be valuable to anyone considering use of the method. (Donna Stringer)
Fowler, Sandra M. and Monica Mumford. (1999). Intercultural Sourcebook. Volume II. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Following from Volume I, this is another “must have” on any trainer’s shelf. This book covers the connection between training and research, self awareness inventories, videotapes, small group exercises, other methods, area-specific training, adapting training methods and an epilogue about the future of intercultural training. (Donna Stringer)
Fromkin, Howard L. and John Sherwood. (1976). Intergroup and Minority Relations--An Experiential Handbook. La Jolla, CA: University Associates.
Funderberg, L. (1994). Black, White, Other: Biracial Americans Talk About Race and Identity. New York, NY: Morrow.
Gallagher, John and Chris Bull. (2001). Perfect Enemies: the battle between the religious reight and the gay movement (Updated Edition). New York: Madison Books.
Offering a detailed, comprehensive history of the legal and political battle between the religious right and the gay movement in the United States, this book is an important document although sometimes tedious to read. Particularly helpful for those who may want or need to gain insights from the past that might be useful in the continuing struggle for GLBT rights in the United States. (Donna Stringer)
Garcia, Ofelia & Ricardo Otheguy. (1989). English across Cultures; Cultures across English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
This is a "reader in cross cultural communication". A compilation of research-based articles examining communication strategies across cultures, how English affects understanding, classroom communication, minority pupils and adaptation, education and workplace communication in South Africa, Canada, Britain, and acquisition of a second language. Not easy reading but useful theoretical and research foundation. (Donna Stringer)
Gardenswartz, Lee and Anita Rowe. (1994). Diverse Teams at Work. Homewood, Ill.: Business One Irwin.
This book explores how diversity shapes teams, including both external and organizational issues, followed by sections on task, relationships, cooperation, group process, and the role of the leader. Like their other publications, this book is full of practical examples, exercises and tips for effectiveness. It is a key resource for working effectively with diverse teams. (Donna Stringer).
Gardenswartz, Lee, Anita Rowe, Patricia Digh and Martin Bennett. (2003) The Global Diversity Desk Reference. NJ: Pfeiffer.
This book is a core resource for anyone who wants to be successful managing the human resources function of a global business. Section one provides basic definitions, developmental models, and business case information for understanding the context of diversity. Section two offers outstanding chapters, including practical and easy-to-use training exercises in the areas of communication, team building, conflict, and problem solving. The third section covers organizational systems including HR systems (hiring, promotion, training, etc.), performance management, and leadership development. The final section provides valuable resources in books, videos, and internet material. The authors include an outstanding index to the multitude of exercises they offer that allows the reader to quickly identify which exercises would be most useful based on audience and purpose. The book is accompanied by a CD so the user can readily adapt and/or duplicate materials for education or training purposes. (Donna Stringer)
Gardenswartz, Lee and Anita Rowe. (1993). Managing Diversity: A complete Desk Reference and Planning Guide. Homewood, Ill.: Business One Irwin.
This is perhaps the most complete and effective book for those working on organizational development and/or training in the area of cultural diversity. The authors write in practical business terms but base their work on solid theoretical understanding of both business and education. Each chapter contains exercises which are easily useable or modifiable to meet the needs of any organization. (Donna Stringer)
Glass, Lillian. (1993). He Says, She Says. Closing the Communication Gap Between the Sexes. NY: Perigee Books.
This book begins by listing 105 gender differences in communication and their origins. The author then examines how to improve social/personal relationships, intimate relationships and work relationships, each one assuming heterosexuality of the reader. Each section closes with a list of tips for men and tips for women. Repeated lists in each section are unnecessary and both the reporting and citing of research is less than complete. As a primer for gender differences, particularly for non-readers, it can be a useful resource. (Donna Stringer)
Glenn, E. (1983). Man and Mankind: Conflict and Communication Between Cultures. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Gochenour, Theodore. (1993). Beyond Experience: The Experiential Approach to Cross-Cultural Education. Yarmouth, Maine, Intercultural Press.
Gochenour, Theodore. (1990). Considering Filipinos. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This intercultural handbook contrasts the values and perspectives of Filipinos and Americans and offers guidelines for successful interaction between these two groups. It gives suggestions for bridging cultural differences in social and workplace settings as well as case studies showing cross-cultural dynamics in action. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., & McKee, A. (2002). Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
This book is based on the premise that the emotianl tasks of the leader is primal – that is, first – in two senses: it is both the original and most important act of leadership. The authors examine how the four elements of emotional intelligence (self awareness, self management, social awareness & relationaship management) impact leadership, teams and organizations. Six leadership styles are identified with examples of how each can build resonance, affect climate & be used most appropriately. A model of “5 discoveries” is outlined as a method for building competencies and imporving emotional intelligence at a personal level. Suggestions for improving both teams & organizations are also provided. This book is easy to read practical, and perhaps the most important leadership book written in several years.
Gonzalez, Alberto, Marsha Houston and Victoria Chen. (1994). Our Voices: Essays in culture, ethnicity, and communication. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Press.
This is an anthology of 22 articles intended to look at cultural communication from the subjective experiences of the authors. Sections include issues related to people naming themselves, the relationship of culture and gender, interpersonal and mass media relationships to culture, and cross cultural communication (both verbal and nonverbal). (Donna Stringer)
Gordon, Raymond L. (1974). Living in Latin America: A case study in cross-cultural communication. Chicago, Ill: National Textbook Company.
This book provides a review of exchange student and peace corp volunteers' experiences in Bogata, Colombia. While much of it is too specific to be helpful in broader contexts, the general approach is unique and useful. Examining perceptions and mis-perceptions the author makes it clear how difficult cross-cultural communication can be. He explores the differences in Columbian and North American household spaces, examining mis-perceptions based on general household space use, and then specifically examines how the use of the bathroom, bedroom, living room and dining room are different between cultures and lead to mis-perceptions. He then examined specific differences which created misperceptions between visitors and Colombians including: definition of family, greetings, formal vs. informal language, gift giving, paying for entertainment/food, appropriate attire (formal vs. informal), treatment of the senora in a household, and treatment of a maid. The last chapter covers practical implications and is useful across a broad range of cross-cultural situations. (Donna Stringer)
Granrose, Cherlyn S. & Stuart Oskamp, Editors. (1997). Cross-Cultural Work Groups. Thousand Oaks, Ca.: Sage Publications.
A collection of articles based on research presented at the Claremont Sumposium on Applied Psychology, this book looks at cross-cultural groups in organizations; individual interactions in organizations and managing cross cultural groups. Findings include stressing that change efforts should focus on informal culture since that is most often what impedes change. Pages 68-71 outlines Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s value orientation and how people from each orientation will act and contribute to teams.
Gravett, Linda and R. Throckmorton (2007). Bridging the Generation Gap. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press.
Gravett and Throckmorton give us a small, readable, book that is filled with practical suggestions and a case study in each chapter. While there is little new information here, it is presented in a very easy to use manner and focuses specifically on workplace issues. (Donna Stringer)
Griggs, Lewis B. and L. L. Louw, Editors. (1995). Valuing Diversity: New Tools for a New Reality. NY: McGraw-Hill.
This book integrates personal, interpersonal and organizational issues. It has an outstanding outline of a five-phase organizational change strategy with specific actions under each phase. It examines roles employees, managers and leaders have in diversity initiatives and organizational change. Louw provides a detailed Diversity Journey Learning Map with bullet points and good visuals. This is a clear, readable road map for organizations wanting to engage in a diversity change process. (Donna Stringer)
Gropper, Rena C. (1996). Culture and the Clinical Encounter. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This book provides in introductory section regarding intercultural sensitizers (ICS) and a closing section regarding general areas of cultural differences which affect health care. The body of the book contains a series of well-written and well-organized critical incidents specific to health care. (Donna Stringer)
Gudykunst, William B. (1991). Bridging Differences: Effective Intergroup Communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
This book explains the process underlying communication between people of different groups with focus on perceptions, attributions, and culture. The last chapter includes knowledge & skills. This book provides the most useful analysis of intergroup conflict and creating a supportive environment I have read anywhere. There are "self assessments" throughout the book which are 5-6 items and so broad they are of very little value. Overall, however, this books is brief, readable, and full of practical information. (Donna Stringer)
Gudykunst, W.B., S. Ting-Toomey, S. Sudweeks, and L. Stewart. (1995). Building Bridges: Interpersonal Skills For a Changing World. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Gudykunst, William B. (Editor) (1983). Intercultural Communication Theory: Current Perspectives. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Gudykunst, William B. and Stella Ting-Toomey. (1988). Culture and Interpersonal Communication. Newbury Park, Ca.: Sage Publications.
An outstanding overview of how culture affects interpersonal communication. Includes information regarding individualism-collectivism, high-low context, Hofstede’s, Kluckhohn’s and Strodtbeck’s dimensions, culture vs. Personality issues, verbal and nonverbal styles, attribution, affective processes, interpersonal and intergroup relationships. A wealth of information, including many culture specific examples. Academic in tone but generally readable. (Donna Stringer)
Gudykunst, William B. and Young Yun Kim. (1984). Communicating with Strangers: An Approach to Intercultural Communication. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Menlo Park, CA.
Gudykunst, William B., Lea P. Stewart and Stella Ting-Toomey, eds. (1985). Communication, Culture, and Organizational Processes. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.
This collection of articles weaves theoretical issues with practical organizational concerns such as conflict, negotiation, and decision making. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Hacker, Andrew. (1992). Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal. NY: Scribner's.
A fresh and human analysis of race relations in America, diagnosing the problems but offering no prescription for solutions. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rose)
Hale, Noreen. (1990). The Older Worker. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers.
This small book examines why employers should look at older workers, demographic and organizational trends, needs of older employees, specific policies and benefits currently being tried by organizations, case studies and older women workers. The final chapter looks at action planning for older workers from the perspective of organizations, the manager and the employee. The appendix provides information regarding both organizations and books which focus on older workers. An easy-to-read and valuable resource. (Donna Stringer)
Hall, Edward T. (1973). The Silent Language. Anchor Press, Garden City, NY.
This is Hall's treatment of nonverbal communication and how it differs across cultures
and impacts every day relationships between people. Treating time and space across
cultures, this is an important book to understanding cultural misunderstanding and
conflicts. (Donna Stringer)
Hall, Edward T. (1981). Beyond Culture. Anchor Press, Garden City, NY.
Stating that culture is man's medium, Hall proceeds to examine various areas of life where culture affects (controls) perceptions. He includes chapters on time and space, language, the value of culture to provide consistency, synchrony, context and how it affects meaning, action chains, imagery and memory (which speculates that changing memory and/or behaviors is very difficult since they are imbedded in physiology and don't reside in a specific place for changes to occur), and examines how culture affects educational systems in ways which are not particularly helpful in the United States. (Donna Stringer)
Hall, Edward T. (1969). The Hidden Dimension. NY: Anchor Press.
Focusing on proxemics, the use of space, Hall demonstrates how this dimension of interaction works in cross-cultural exchanges. Beginning with animal research he argues that use of space affects population control, aggression, health, and stress. Four types of distance are defined: intimate, personal, social, and public. Specific inter-cultural examples are given through analysis of proxemics for Germans, English, French, Japanese and Arabs. Finally, he discusses the implications of this information for city planning, office arrangements and urban renewal. (Donna Stringer)
Hall, Edward T. (1984). The Dance of Life: The other dimension of time. NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday.
Stating that culture is communication, Hall demonstrates how a number of culture-bound variables affect communcation. He covers context, space, language, organizing patterns, and time. In each area he discuss the formal, informal and technical aspects. This book is one of the earliest and is more technical and less readable than some of his more recent work. It also suffers from age when he gives male/female examples; that is, his gender related examples are sexist by today's perspective but certainly appropriate to the time when it was written. Of particular value is a cultural map of Primary Message Systems wherein he outlines 9 primary message systems across 9 settings to demonstrate how his concepts of cultural communication might be used. (Donna Stringer)
Hall, E.T. & Hall, M. R. (1990). Understanding Cultural Differences: Germans, French and Americans. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This book offers a brief overview of key cultural concepts: pacing, context, space, time, information flow, action chains and interfacing. There is a particularly useful chart regarding monochronic and polychronic people on page 15. The authors then provide summary information on German, French and American cultural behaviors with specific information regarding cultural patterns which affect workplace behaviors. They offer cautions regarding where cultural patterns could lead to conflict and provide suggestions for avoiding conflicts. A particularly helpful book for companies engaging in business across these three cultures. (Donna Stringer)
Hampden-Turner, Charles. (1981). Maps of the Mind. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Great set of short explanations of many systems of thought in the social sciences.
Hanson, F. Allen. (1975). Meaning in Culture. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975.
Harms, L. S. (1973). Intercultural Communication. NY: Harper & Row.
Harris, P. R. & Moran, R. T. (1987). Managing Cultural Differences: High Performance Strategies for Today's Global Managers, 2nd Ed. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing.
This business-oriented text on diversity gives a comprehensive treatment of cultural differences affecting business, focusing more on international than domestic intercultural issues. Includes questionnaires, surveys, and resources. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Hart, Lois B. & David Dalke. (1995). The Sexes at Work: Workshop Designs and Activities for Improving Gender Relations in the Workplace. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
This trainer’s manual for gender training includes background research information, exercises and suggested agendas. It covers 12 areas of gender issues at work and includes chapters on sexual harassment and discrimination. There are a large number of exercises, many of which could be useful in different organizational settings. (Donna Stringer)
Hayles, Robert & Armida Mendez Russell. (1997). The Diversity Directive. NY: McGraw Hill.
This book reviews the rationale for diversity training, both individual and organizational development models and then proceeds to discuss how to prepare for a diversity initiative that will get results. The book is full of data regarding both best practices and business cases for diversity. It is easy to read and practical. (Donna Stringer)
Hecht, Michael L., Mary Jane Collier & Sidney A. Ribeau. (1993). African American Communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Part of a Language Series, this book examines the African American experience, and explores the Self, Identity, Ethnic Identity, and African American Ethnic Identity processes as they affect African American Communication Styles. The authors report a range of identity models and look at how identity formation affects communication style as identified through research in communication and language studies. Particularly helpful is the information about how "Black English" has its roots in African language translations, thus debunking the notions that this form of talk is inappropriate or incorrect use of the English language. They also report research exploring stereotypes and perceptions across ethnic groups. While the information is useful, the vocabulary used is that of language theory and may be a challenge for those who are more familiar with intercultural communication, psychology or other social sciences language. (Donna Stringer)
Henderson, George. (1994). Cultural Diversity in the Workplace: Issues and Strategies. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
This book is an easy-to-read, practical guide to diversity in organizations and why it is necessary. Each chapter covers the laws related to the subject (e.g., women, older workers, disabilities, foreign workers) and ends with a self assessment and/or a list of tips for effectiveness. It also has chapters on organizational communication, conflict issues, and change processes. It would be useful as a beginning reader for those wanting basic information, legal background, and practical tips. (Donna Stringer)
Henderson, George. (1999). Our Souls to Keep. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This book the history of Blacks in the United States as a way of examining how prejudice and discrimination have affected Blacks in schools, educations and communities. He promotes the idea of Blacks and Whites communicating at a deeper level to understand and overcome this history. This book would be particularly helpful as a primer for those beginning to explore racial issues and BlackWhite relationships. (Donna Stringer)
Hess, J. Daniel. (1994). The Whole Guide to Cultural Learning. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill.
In this book hofstede provides the results of his data collected from 53 countries across 5 cultural dimensions) Power Distance, Collectivism bvs. Individualism, maskculinity – femininity, uncertainty avoidance including aggression and the expression of emotions, and long vs. short term orientation). In addition to comparing 53 countries in these dimensions he also contrasts occupational, gender, generation and social classes, identifying where there are measurable difference and where none occurred. The author provides important information regarding his methodology as well as citing other work that has refulting in similar/different findings from his. He does an outstanding job of cautioning readers about the limitations of interpreting research findings – including his own. This is a great foundational book for people working in organizations across national cultures. (Donna Stringer)
Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
A foundation piece in the literature about culture, this research-based book discusses culturally based differences in individualism, power distance, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance. Data are based on 170,000 employees of a multi-national organization and compared with other relevant research data. Critical reading for understanding these four value differences and how they show up in the workplace. (Donna Stringer)
Hofstede, G. (1998) Masculinity and Femininity: The Taboo Dimension of National Cultures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Hofstede, Gert Jan, Paul B. Pedersen & Geert Hofstede. (2002). Exploring Culture: Exercises, Stories and Synthetic Cultures. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
In Part I of this book the authers outline a seriecs of cultural dimensions, after which they provide a series of stories, each demonstrating key cultural dimensions. Each story is followed by an explanation of the cultural dimension featured. Part II provides ten synthetic culture profiles, identifying core values, distinctions, key elements, positive & negative words, and masc./fem for each culture. These synthetic cultures are particularly useful for understanding how cultureal balues translate to expected behaviours. They are followed by a series of exercise that ask the reader to apply the information to cultureal situations. A series of “dialogues” demonstrate how interviews might occur in each of the 10 cultures. And, finally, Section III provides a series of simulations to help groups experience their understanding of the book’s concepts. (Donna Stringer)
Holm, Bill. (1990). Coming Home Crazy. Minneapolis, MN: Milkweed Editions.
A series of short essays regarding the personal experience of the author who spent a year in China followed by a year at home in Minnesota and another six months in China. Informative regarding the process of acculturation, culture shock and marginalization. (Donna Stringer)
Hoopes, David and Paul Ventura. (1979). Intercultural Sourcebook: Cross-Cultural Training Methodologies. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
House, Robert J. et al. , eds., ( 2004) Culture, Leadership, and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
This book reports extensively on the GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) research project which examined the relationship of culture to conceptions of leadership in 951 organizations representing finance, food processing and telecommunication in 62 countries. Data were collected via focused interviews and questionnaires from 17,300 managers. Dimensions explored included Hofstede’s Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance in addition to Future Orientation, Gender Equality, Assertiveness, Humane Orientation, In-group Collectivism, Institutional Collectivism, and Performance Orientation. This is a monumental project with substantial evidence that culture affects both managers’ behaviors and organizational cultures. The book is filled with charts comparing the 62 countries on the dimensions explored. (Donna Stringer)
Howard, Gary R. (1999). We Can’t Teach What We Don’t Know: White Teachers, Multiracial Schools. NY: Columbia University Teachers College.
Beginning with his own story as a white male, the author takes readers through a series of issues (history of white dominance, stereotyping/prejudice, identity theories) in concise, easy to read and understand, format. This is a valuable resource for anyone white working in education. (Donna Stringer)
Ipsaro, Anthony J. (1997). White men, women and minorities. Denver, CO: Meridian Associates.
Purporting to synthesize data on the status and power of American white men, this book really looks at old data on gender and race in the work environment with a focus on how to “sell” diversity to white men and organizations. Very little useful information unless the reader has had little/no experience with this information. (Donna Stringer)
James, Muriel. (1991). The Better Boss in Multi-Cultural Organizations: A Guide to Success Using Transactional Analysis. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Marshall.
This book aims at helping bosses value themselves and their own cultural diversity as well as that of others. It focuses on seven skills managers need and on how to use transactional analysis to increase effectiveness as a boss (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Jamieson, David and Julie O'Mara. (1991). Managing Workforce 2000: Gaining the Diversity Advantage. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Part I of this book outlines demographic and management changes which managers will need to face in the next century and then introduces Flex Management. The next four parts of the book describe, in several chapters each, the four flex-management strategies: matching people and jobs, managing and rewarding performance, informing and involving people, and supporting lifestyle and life needs. Part V outlines five skills for managing Workforce 2000 (empowering others, developing others, valuing others, working for change, and communicating responsibly) in very practical terms. This section then moves to discussion of the six steps in managing change in a flex-management workplace (defining diversity, understanding the organization's values and needs, describing the future, analyzing the present, planning and managing transition, and evaluation), again in very practical terms. The last section is filled with organizations which are resources to employers wishing to gain the diversity advantage. This book is easy to read, and full of readable examples of organizations which are implementing flex-management strategies. It does not provide theoretical or research backgrounds regarding such things as culture, values, culture-specific behaviors, etc. but is a nice way to introduce organizations and managers to diversity concepts. (Donna Stringer)
Jerdee, Thomas H. and Benson Rosen. (1985). Older Employees: New Roles for Valued Resources. Dow Jones-Irwin, Homewood, IL.
Johnson, Allan G. (2000). Privilege, Power and Difference. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
This book looks at privilege and oppression beyond the standard “white privilege” process. The author gives a pretty standard overview of power, capitalism and class but then proceeds to make sense of why the issues are so challenging for many people who have privilege to effectively discuss the issues. The latter part of the book reviews some suggestions for working on equity. (Donna Stringer)
Johnston, William B., and Arnold E. Packer. (1987). Workforce 2000: Work and Workers for the 21st Century. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hudson Institute.
Using census data, this is the landmark study which provides information about the changing workforce into the mid 21st century. (Donna Stringer)
Jung, P., and R. Smith. (1993). Heterosexism. New York, NY: University Press.
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. (1977). Men and Women of the Corporation. Basic Books, Inc., NY.
One of the classics in examining male/female relationships in organizations, this book is a "must" read for anyone exploring the issues of gender differences and how they impact the ability of men and women to effectively work together. The author identifies four roles women plan in organizations, outlines how women are treated as outsiders, and discusses the impacts these issues have for both the individual women experiencing such treatment and for the the corporate world. (Donna Stringer)
Katz, Judith. (1982). White Awareness: Handbook for Anti-Racism Training. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.
This handbook presents a White-on-White systematic training program the overall objectives of which are to help Whites become aware of how racism affects their lives and to help them change racist attitudes and behaviors. The training program has six stages: (1) exploring definitions and inconsistencies of racism; (2) confronting institutional racism; (3) dealing with feelings; (4) exploring cultural racism; (5) exploring individual racism and the meaning of Whiteness; (6) developing action strategies. For each stage, the author provides an introduction and rationale, goals and objectives, exercises, and media recommendations. The introductory chapters explore the dimensions of racism as a White problem; reviews programs to combat racism; and presents an overview of how to use and adapt the training program. The appendix contains additional recommended readings and media for each stage; resources; and a bibliography. The program has been used primarily in educational settings, with formats ranging from 3-hour introductory sessions to 45-hour courses. The majority of exercises focus on Black-White interactions. (Betty Schmitz)
Katz, Phyllis A. and Dalmas A. Taylor. Eliminating Racism. Plenum Publishing, NY, 1988.
Kim, Eun Y. (2001). The Yin and Yang of American Culture: A Paradox Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press, Inc.
Ms. Kim is a Korean immigrant to the United States. In this book she contrasts U.S. values with those of Asia, focusing on Japan, Korea and China. Part I examines what she has labeled the Yang of American culture: the positive energy or male values she experiences in this culture—also exploring the shadow side of each of those characteristics. For example, “you can be anything” but “ know your limits”; everyone is equal but that creates a often-disrespectful lack of formality; individualism that ignores community; business acumen that overlooks relationships. In Part II she outlines what she experiences as U.S. Yin—again, looking at the other side of many of America’s negative values or behaviors. In this section she covers obsession with time and efficiency, which negatively impacts family, health and relationships; expectation of an easy life which creates inability to deal with hardships; focus on rights that contributes to diminishing community; obsession with control; too many choices and wastefulness; materialism; abundance of food and obesity; obsession with independence that affects lack of loyalty and relationships; suing for everything; poor education including lack of foreign language and disrespect for teachers; talking too much; exaggeration and bragging; prejudice; tolerance of violence; contentiousness about religion and arrogance. She closes with a section outlining what she considers to be ten global virtues. This book is easy to read and full of information and examples about both the U.S. and Asian countries. It is based exclusively on the author’s experience and observation so lacks any quantitative data or references. (Donna Stringer)
Kim, Young Yun. (1986). Interethnic Communication: Current Research. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA.
This book contains 12 chapters, each reporting on a piece of interethnic research. Chapters include background literature reviews, communication theory, research methodology, and findings. The work is academic and most of the research reported is laboratory rather than naturalistic. This book will be particularly useful for those who want to understand research issues, theoretical perspectives, and current research strategies in interethnic and intraethnic research. (Donna Stringer)
Kitano, Harry L. and Roger Daniels. (1988). Asian Americans: Emerging Minorities. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
This book focuses on the various Asian ethnic groups, discussing their experiences in America (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Knouse, Stephen B., Paul Rosenfeld, and Amy Cultertson, eds. (1992). Hispanics in the Workplace. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.
A comprehensive exploration of Hispanic employment factors, problems at work, support systems, and Hispanic women and work. Contributors deal with specific topics such as recruiting, training, and language barriers. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Kluckhohn, F. & Strodtbeck, F. (1961). Variation in Value Orientation. Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson & Co.
This is a classic in understanding cultural value orientations. A must-read for those working with cross cultural issues. (Donna Stringer).
Knoll, Tricia. (1982). Becoming Americans. Portland, OR: Coast to Coast Books.
This book traces the history of several Asian immigrant and refugee populations in the order in which they arrived in the United States: Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, Vietnamese, Laotian and Kampuchean. Each chapter helps put the immigration or refugee pattern in historical/political context, provides information about cultural behavior patterns and adjustment issues. This is an outstanding primer. It is packed with basic information and very readable. (Donna Stringer)
Knowles, Louis and Prewitt, Kenneth. (1969). Institutional Racism in America. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
A comprehensive account of the pervasiveness of racism in institutions in this society. An early but important reading. (Donna Stringer)
Kochman, Thomas. (1981). Black and White Styles in Conflict. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Based on an extraordinary amount of research by an author who has become "the expert" in Black/White communication, this book is easy to read and full of critical and useful information. A primary reading tool for anyone working in cross cultural issues. (Donna Stringer)
Kohls, L. Robert. (1981). Developing Intercultural Awareness. Washington, D.C., SIETAR. Second Edition, 1994 with John M. Knight.
This is a learning module complete with lesson plan, content, exercises, and handouts. It is difficult to identify the specific lesson plan, content and handouts but this small book (76 pages) is full of exercises and intercultural case studies. It would be particularly useful to the teacher/trainer who is experienced and merely wants additional exercises to supplement her/his training. (Donna Stringer) The second edition has additional, useful exercises in the area of values. (Donna Stringer)
Kohls, L. Robert & Herbert L. Brussow. (1995). Training Know-How for Cross Cultural and Diversity Trainers. Duncanville, TX, Adult Learning Systems, Inc.
This is an outstanding resource for new trainers or those in training to be trainers. It is a primer of crucial issues including general information about training, specific information regarding diversity training, training philosophy, technology, needs assessments, developing objectives, trainer competencies, training methodologies, stand up skills and logistics of training programs. It could easily be the textbook for training trainers. (Donna Stringer)
Konrad, Alison M. (2006) Cases in Gender and Diversity in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
A collection of case studies covering workplace discrimination, sexual harassment, work-life balance, organizational diversity, cross-cultural diversity (international) and entrepreneurship. Cases are well developed although some are quite long. Probably more relevant to an education than to a training setting. (Donna Stringer)
Koslow, Diane R. and Elizabeth P. Salett. (1989). Crossing Cultures in Mental Health. Washington, D.C., SIETAR, 1989.
The first two chapters of this book present a workshop model for exploring one's own cultural identity and effects of assumptions on cross-cultural communication. This is followed by chapters looking at specific treatment issues related to hispanics, southeast Asians, Argentinans and El Salvadorans, Vietnamese and traumatized refugees. It closes with chapters regarding adjustment of families living abroad and organizational factors in providing cross-cultural counseling. There is little new information in this book and it is less helpful to a practitioner than other books focusing on counseling issues. It could be useful as an introductory overview of specific populations for a new counselors. (Donna Stringer)
Kossek, Ellen Ernst & Sharon A. Lobel, eds. (1996). Managing Diversity: Human Resource Strategies for Transforming the Workplace. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
Approaching diversity issues from the perspective of human resource strategies, this book looks at recruiting and selection, developing and motivating employees, emerging issues in diversity (family, unions, workplace health and safety and disabilities) and finally links diversity to organizational strategy. A nice, academic treatment of specific organizational issues probably most useful for educational settings. (Donna Stringer)
Kras, Eva S. (1989). Management in Two Cultures: Bridging the Gap between U.S. and Mexican Managers. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This book pinpoints the principal differences between Mexican and U.S. cultures and management styles that cause misunderstandings and conflict. Concrete recommendations to both U.S. and Mexican managers for dealing more effectively with each other are given. (Donna Stringer)
Lambert, Jonamay and Myers, Selma. (1995). Customer Relations and the Diversity Challenge: A Trainer’s Guide. Publisher??
Landis, D. & R. Bhagat. (1996). Handbook of intercultural training, 2nd Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
This book collects landmark articles into one place, replacing the earlier edition which was also landmark! Sections include Theory and Method, Contextual Dimensions, and Area Studies.
Laroche, Lionel & Don Rutherford (2007) Recruting, Retaining, and Promoting Cultural Different Employees. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann.
This book is an outstanding resource for planning recruitment, selection, orientation and retention of new employees. It has relevant information on cultural differences presented in an easy-to-read format. Highly recommended for any organization that wants to do a better job of understanding and responding to different employees. (Donna Stringer)
Layton, Marilyn Smith. (1990). Intercultural Journeys Through Reading and Writing. NY: Harper Collins Publishers.
Intended as a textbook for writing classes, this is a collection of short stories and articles from multi-cultural perspectives. Each article is preceded by an exercise and followed by discussion questions. An outstanding collection which could be useful for specific training exercises. (Donna Stringer)
Locke, Don C. (1993). Increasing Multicultural Understanding. Newbury Park, Ca.: Sage Publications.
Following an overview of culture and values, this small book provides culture-specific chapters for African American, Amish, Native Americans, Japanese Americans, Chinese Americans, Vietnamese American, Korean Americans, Mexican Americans and Puerto Rican Americans. Each chapter includes a brief (and generally weak) history, poverty and economic concerns, acculturation issues, language and arts, racism and prejudice, sociopolitical factors, child rearing practices, religious practices, family structure and dynamics, cultural values and attitudes, and implications. The book is targeted at counselors and is adequate for brief thumb-nail sketches of groups. (Donna Stringer)
Loden, Marilyn. (1985). Feminine Leadership or How to Succeed in Business Without Being One of the Boys. Time Books/Random House, New York.
The author compares traditional male management and feminine management styles along a series of issues. She states that traditional organizations are hierarchical and expect leaders to show a competitive style, high levels of control, spend time developing strategies, use an unemotional analytic problem solving style, and negotiate to win. Feminine leadership uses cooperative operating styles. lower levels of control, empathic leadership, collaboration, high performance standards, and intuitive/rational problem solving. Feminine negotiation is intended to produce quality output, not a "win". She offers suggestions for women, men and corporations in improving the effectiveness of today's corporate environment. (Donna Stringer)
Loden, Marilyn. (1996). Implementing Diversity. Homewood, Illinois: Business One Irwin.
This is an outstanding resource for understanding the process of implementing diversity in any organization. Loden provides 14 Implementation Principles supported by examples and key questions. She compares implementing diversity with other organizational change processes, identifying five levels individuals may be at in their response to change. For each level she identifies a profile, change activities which are most effective for persons at that level, and training content/process most helpful for persons at that level. A must read for anyone responsible for managing diversity implementation or helping others to do so. (Donna Stringer)
Loden, Marilyn and Rosener, Judy B. (1991). Workforce America!: Managing Employee Diversity as a Vital Resource. Homewood, Illinois: Business One Irwin.
Part I of this book reviews the new demographic data and how it will affect the workforce. The authors define diversity broadly, examine myths and stereotypes about diverse populations and discuss how assimilation into traditional cultural behaviors affect the organization, the majority employee and the "other" employee. Part II begins with an examination of stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination which is questionable in terms of definitions offered. This chapter does offer a couple of standard training exercises for teaching about stereotypes. Part II also has a nice chapter on group dynamics and collusion and covers culture clashes and establishing common ground. Part III looks at organizational change, contrasts affirmative action and valuing diversity, offers common characteristics of leading edge organizations and the pluralistic leader and outlines three phases to creating a culture of diversity (setting the stage, education and change, and ongoing maintenance). The single concern is the "advocacy" and "non-objective language" of the book. The authors explicitly talk about white males as being the "traditional cultural standard" throughout the book which could lead to defensiveness on the part of white males if it were used as a textbook. Generally reads more like a book aimed at "ism" training and understanding than values based corporations. This is a good resource book for trainers and human resource managers, especially if they are familiar and comfortable with "ism" issues and language. (Donna Stringer)
Longstreet, Wilma. (1978). Aspects of Ethnicity. Understanding Differences in Pluralistic Classrooms. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Written from the perspective of a classroom teacher, this book contains information which was at least a decade ahead of its time. Specifically, the author discusses the invisible aspects of culture (space, time, use of language construction) as being core in cross-cultural misunderstandings and the ways in which teachers treat/mistreat, understand or misunderstand students. A useful resource, especially for those working in educational settings. (Donna Stringer)
Luhman, Reid & Stuart Gilman. (1981). Race and Ethnic Relations: The Social and Political Experience of Minority Groups. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Lustig, Myron W. and J. Koester. (1993). Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication Across Cultures. NY: Harper Collins.
Framing intercultural communication with culture and values, this book would be a very nice introductory textbook. Chapter 4 is labeled “Why Cultures Differ,” but actually discusses How they differ, not why. The book is generously laced with boxed-in “Culture Connections” which give quotes, examples, stories that make the text itself come alive. Worth considering for an introductory reading. (Donna Stringer)
Lynch, James. F. (1989). Multicultural Education: A Global Approach. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
Massey, D. and N. Denton. (1993). America Apartheid. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
McCall, Morgan W. Jr. & George P. Hollenbeck. (2002). The Lessons of International Experience Developing Global Executives. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Using their in-depth interviews with global executives, the authors begin by defining a global leader and seven competencies required for global success. They then use the interviewees’ stories to describe history and experience that lead to interest and success for global executives. Six themes and 27 lessons from global experiences are discussed in detail. And, finally, both personal and organizational strategies for success are explored. This book is full of charts backed by stories. It is easy to read, full of useful information, and will be a useful guide for either individuals or organizations considering global expansion. (Donna Stringer).
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McCreary, D. R. (1986). Japanese-United States Business Negotiations: A Cross-Cultural Study. New York: Praeger.
McLuhan, T. C. (1971). Touch the Earth. NY: Simon & Schuster.
This book gives a recollection of the native American way of life and, in contrast, comments on mainstream American society and values. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
McNaught, Brian (1993) Gay Issues in the Workplace. NY: St. Martin’s Press.
Mindess, Anna. (1999). Reading Between the Signs. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
While this book’s intended audience is American Sign Language interpeters for the deaf, it is a valuable source of information regarding the Deaf culture. Hearing people would benefit greatly from reading this book, both in a greater understanding of Deaf culture as well as general information regarding cultural values and communication styles. (Donna Stringer)
Mohr, Richard. (1994). A More Perfect Union: Why Straight Americans Must Stand Up For Gay Rights. Boston, MA: Beacon.
Moran, Robert T., et al. (1994). International Business Case Studies for the Multicultural Marketplace. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company.
A collection of 36 case studies covering strategic alliances, globalization, negotiations, marketing, international management, managing diversity, and service excellence. The case studies are engaging and based on real events. These could be used to stimulate discussion and problem solving although there are no discussion questions or suggested solutions included. (Donna Stringer)
Moricol, Keith and Benhong Tsai. Adapting training for other cultures. (1992, April). Training and Development Magazine. April 1992.
Morrison, Ann. (1987). Breaking the Glass Ceiling. California: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Based on surveys with 76 women in twenty-five Fortune 100 companies which she compares with a previous study using 79 males, the author says there are three pressures women executives face: the job, their pioneering role, and the strain on their family. She identifies primary success factors for executives: help from above, history of achievements, a desire to succeed, ability to manage subordinates, willingness to take risks and the ability to be tough, decisive and demanding. She found the band of acceptable behavior for women is very narrow. For example: while women must take risks they also must be consistently outstanding; they must be tough but not macho; they must be ambitious but not expect equal treatment, and they must take responsibility but take advice from others. (Donna Stringer)
Morrison, Ann M. (1992) The New Leaders: Guidelines on Leadership Diversity in America. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
This book reports one of the earliest and most accepted studies about diversity. Interviewing 146 people from 16 organizations (12 private corporations; 4 government agencies), the GOLD project (Guidelines on Leadership Diversity) was conducted by the the author and a team from the Center for Creative Leadership. While the book is dated, having been published in 1992, what is most remarkable about it is that the project identified the same barriers and solutions that organizations are recognizing today. The book contains several tables of information about the specific barriers and solutions found through the interview process as well as recommendations from the interviewees and project interviewers. (Donna Stringer)
Morrison, Terri, et al. (1994). Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands: How to do Business in Sixty Countries. Adams Media Corporation.
Myers, Selma & Barbara Filner. (1997). Conflict Resolution Across Cultures: From Talking it Out to Third Party Mediation. Amherst, MA: Amherst Educational Publishing.
This book explores conflict issues across cultures from an intercultural perspective with focus on values and communication styles that may create mis-perceptions and conflicts. Includes case studies and information about mediation models. (Donna Stringer)
Nichols, Nancy A. (1993). Reach for the Top. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
A collection of articles from the Harvard Business Review focusing on women in the workplace. (Donna Stringer)
Nydell, Margaret K. (1987). Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Westerners. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This readable cross-cultural handbook gives a concise and insightful look at Arab culture. It dispels common Western misconceptions regarding Arab behavior, and explains the values, beliefs, and practices of Arabs particularly in terms of their impact on interactions with Europeans and North Americans. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Odenwald, Sylvia. (1993). Global training: How to Design a Program for a Multinational Corporation. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin Professional Publishing.
O’Hara-Devereaux, Mary and Robert Johansen. (1994). Global Work: Bridging Distance, Culture and Time. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
O’Mara, Julie. (1995). Diversity Activities and Training Designs. San Diego, Pfeiffer & Co.
This is an outstanding resource for diversity training. It contains (in 3-ring binder format) 25 separate agendas ranging from ½ day to 2 day sessions for employees, managers, and diversity committees. There are 36 activities, some highly creative and some more standard, 9 lecturettes with superb information, and a good bibliography. (Donna Stringer)
Olver, K. & Baurgh, S. (2006). Leveraging Diversity at Work: How to Retain and Inspire a Diverse Workforce for Peak Performance and Profit. Country Club Hills, IL: Inside Out Press.
“The purpose of this book is to challenge you to recognize how little you know, and to encourage you to commit to a lifelong learning process about similarities & differences between cultures & People.” (p. 7) The initial chapter on culture is nicely done and easily understood. Several chapters on stereotypes, myths, discrimination & identity are easy to read but simplistic and occasionally preachy. Later in the book cultural information given in a clean and cursory manner. The authors use themselves as examples throughout. This could be a good read for someone just beginning to explore U.S. culture diversity. No tools or practical techniques – just simplistic suggestions, eg. Appreciate the differences.
Orbe, Mark P., & Harris, Tina. (2001). Interracial Communication: Theory into Practice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
This book explores how interracial communication has been impacted by the history of race and racism in the United States. It then provides ideas and stories about improving interracial communication in a range of contexts (e.g., business, friendships, etc.). It is a good resource for anyone wanting to work specifically on communication within the context of racism. (Donna Stringer)
Padilla, Amado and Susan Keefe. (1987). Chicano Ethnicity. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.
Page, Scott. (2007) The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools and Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Scott Page has written an outstanding book that examines the effect of cognitive diversity on problem solving. He provides data and models to demonstrate the value of diversity and demonstrates how diversity is more important than individual excellence. This is not an easy read. It is full of mathematical formulas and models that most readers would find tedious, if not difficult. It is a good resource, however, for an academic audience who find formulas and models important to persuasion about the value of diversity. (Donna Stringer)
Paige, Michael. (1986). Cross-Cultural Orientation: New Conceptions And Applications. New York. University Press of America.
Paige, R. Michael. (1993). Education for the Intercultural Experience. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
An outstanding resource for those designing intercultural training or education programs. Chapter 1 covers intensity and risk issues for intercultural learners; Chapter 2 is Bennett's intercultural sensitivity model; Chapter 3 presents a four-step model of adjustment with six training types and three kinds of learning, identifying when each is most effective in reducing culture shock and intensity; Chapter 4 is Janet Bennett's marginality article examining developmental models, training issues and the challenge process; Chapter 5 covers culture shock; Chapter 6 is Paige's trainer competency chapter with nine ethical questions, 32 cognitive and 32 behavioral competencies for trainers; Chapter 7 examines client centered training with five theories about culture shock and identifies effective training approaches for each; Chapter 8 explores unintended outcomes and how to address them rather than simply design for desired outcomes; Chapter 9 links predeparture and re-entry orientations and Chapter 10 explores cultural assimilators. (Donna Stringer)
Payne, Ruby K. (1998). A Framework for Understanding Poverty. Highlands, TX, RFT Publishing.
This book outlines the many relationships between social class and learning, relating ways to improve learning for people who grew up in poverty. (Donna Stringer)
Pedersen, P. (1985). Handbook Of Cross-Cultural Counseling And Therapy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Pedersen, P. (1988). A Handbook For Developing Multicultural Awareness. Alexandria, VA: American Association for Counseling and Development.
Focusing on counselor training, this book assumes three states of multicultural development: awareness of culturally learned attitudes, opinions and judgments; knowledge about multicultural counseling; and skills used in multicultural counseling. The first section of the books focuses on awareness (how to ask the right questions), revolving around 10 cultural assumptions which get in the way of effective cross cultural counseling. The middle section looks at knowledge (how to find the right answers), discussing culture shock, minority developmental models, and two major models (Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck and the Cultural Grid) for interpreting cultural systems. The last segment of the book outlines the Triad Model of training and provides specific ways to use the model to train four multicultural skills for counselors: articulating the problem from the client's perspective; recognizing resistance from a culturally different client in specific rather than general terms; being less defensive in culturally ambiguous relationships; and learning recovery skills when making cultural errors in counseling. The book includes self assessment questions, APA guidelines and bibliography as appendices. (Donna Stringer)
Pedersen, P. (2004) 110 Experiences for Multicultural Learning. Washington, D.C., American Psychological Association.
Intended as a series of exercise for use in educational settings, the author has divided the activities into brief 30 minute warm-up experiences, one hour experiences, two hour experiences and homework. The book is well organized, and each exercise provides an objective, time required, risk level, number of participants required, procedures and debriefing considerations. Although this is intended for use in educational settings, many of the exercises would be quite useful in corporate, public or non-profit settings as well. (Donna Stringer)
Pederson, Paul B. & Allen Ivey. (1993). Culture-centered Counseling & Interviewing Skills: A practical guide. Praeger Publishers.
Pedersen, Paul, Juris Draguns, Walter Lonner, and Joseph Trimble. (1989). Counseling Across Cultures, 3rd Ed. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
This book is a collection of articles focused on diversity issues in counseling practice. The first two sections look at general issues including context, racism, psychotherapy, and ethics. Section 3 looks at specific theoretical and application issues in various ethnic groups, and the last section examines research and measurement issues in cross-cultural counseling (Donna Stringer)
Pickens, Judy E., ed. (1982). Without Bias: A Guidebook for non-discriminatory communication. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Designed for all "communicators" in business, government, education, nonprofit organizations, and the public media, this guide presents concrete examples and suggestions for how to identify and eliminate conscious or unconscious biases based on race, sex, age (both old and young), and disability. Part One (Avoiding Specific Types of Bias) points out common stereotypes for each of the four areas and offers alternatives. Part Two (Applying Bias-Free Principles) gives more concrete examples of avoiding sexism in writing and in the media. Chapter 7 on eliminating bias from meetings is particularly useful and contains a "meeting code" that organizations could adopt. Part Three (Translating Principles into Practice) gives three case studies of organizational change to adopt bias-free communication. Part Four contains a guide to equal employment opportunity laws in the U.S. and Canada and references for further reading. The guide is well-indexed and easy to use; it contains many "real life" examples, anecdotes, case studies that are useful for training. Chapters have different authors so there are some inconsistencies in recommended usage and some variation in quality. (Betty Schmitz)
Pierce, Carol, David Wagner & Bill Page. (1995). A Male/Female Continuum: Paths to Colleagueship. Laconia, NH: New Dynamics Publications.
This book outlines and discusses three major stages of male/female relationships: Collusion of dominance and subordinance, Transition, and Colleagueship. The graphic model is quite useful, the narrative book less so. (Donna Stringer)
Pollock, David C. and Ruth E. Van Reken. (1999). The Third Culture Kid Experience. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This book defines Third Culture Kids (TCKs), discusses the experiences of TCKs with generous—and useful—stories and quotes from TCKs, profiles TCKs and discusses how to maximizes the benefits of TCK experiences. (Donna Stringer).
Ponterotto, J.G., et al. Handbook of Muticultural Counseling. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1995.
Ponterotto, Joseph G. and Paul B. Pedersen. (1993). Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors and Educators. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
This book includes an extremely helpful overview of ethnic identity theories, including white identity development. Also exercises for use in both prejudice prevention and undoing racism at several academic levels. (Donna Stringer)
Powell, Gary N. (1994). Gender and Diversity in the Workplace: Learning Activities and Exercises. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
This collection of 33 exercises can be used as either a classroom supplement to Women and Men in Management or as a stand alone set of exercises for gender training. While many of these exercises are not as creative as other resources, there are a few useful options. (Donna Stringer)
Powell, Gary N. (1988). Women and Men in Management. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publishers.
Heavily documented with research and citations, this book reviews historical data regarding women's involvement in work, socialization and its impact on women in management, attitudes about both women and men toward women in management, gender differences in management styles and success, and barriers women face in successfully managing. A wealth of information although a bit difficult for an introductory reader because of the heavy research emphasis. (Donna Stringer)
Prosser, M. H. (1978). The cultural dialogue. An introduction to intercultural communication. Washington, D.C.: SIETAR International.
Written from a communication theory perspective, this book outlines fundamental issues in intercultural communication including similarities and differences, conflict and control, and the impact of technology on cultural stability and change. Communication components are discussed (message, participants, language, nonverbal & media). After a brief discussion of cultural definitions and theory, values and individual orientations there is an extensive "diary" of a nine-day Japanese-American intercultural workshop. Perhaps the most useful aspect of the book is a comparison of American Filipino cultural values using the 25 values identified by Condon and Yousef (an expansion of the 5 orientations considered by the Kluckhohns. (Donna Stringer)
Pusch, M., editor. (1981). Multicultural Education. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Designed for use by faculty in teaching educational programs, this book will be useful to multicultural trainers as well. Chapter 2 by David Hoopes lays a particularly good foundation regarding intercultural concepts including perception and communication. He speaks to U.S. diversity with clarity and sensitivity. Chapter 3 provides superb information regarding the accommodation of cultural pluralism through language, providing outstanding information about multi-lingual values in other society's educational systems. Chapter 4 begins with a powerful and useful quote by Kurt Vonnegut and then outlines approaches to multicultural curricula in math, science and technology, language and literature, social studies and new courses. Chapter 5 describes qualities of effective multicultural teachers including personality, affective skills and pedagogical skills. It also covers how multicultural teachers should relate to target student populations as well as desired student competencies from multicultural education. The chapter closes with goals specific to cross cultural training and discussion of three cross cultural training approaches. Chapter 6 provides a large series of experiential exercises and Chapter 7 reviews evaluation techniques. This is an outstanding resource for both educators and trainers. (Donna Stringer)
Rasi, R., and C. Rodriguez-Nogues. (1995). Out in the Workplace. Los Angeles, CA: Alyson.
Rasmussen, Tina. (1996). The ASTD Trainer’s Sourcebook: Diversity. NY: McGraw/Hill.
The manual for trainers includes customizable training designs, reproducible workshop materials, overhead masters, participant handouts and group activities. The training designs are highly detailed including time frames, lecturette scripts, discussion questions/answers, and checklists of materials needed. Suggestions for training do not identify the diversity of participant learning needs; rather, she suggests that adults learn better in an interactive setting which is not true for all adults. The author demonstrates a general understanding of diversity and classroom issues but does not include discussions of cautions or ethics which trainers should consider in conducting diversity classes. In the hands of an experienced diversity trainer, this book can be helpful although the materials are not unusually new or creative. In the hands of an experienced trainer who wants to expand to diversity training, this book could make diversity training appear dangerously simple. (Donna Stringer)
Rich, Andrea L. (1974). Interracial Communication. NY: Harper & Row.
This book, although two decades old, provides an outstanding communication model which allows for inclusion of a wide range of ethnic groups as well as socio-economic classes. The author then proceeds to look at how perception, prejudice, stereotypes, role, culture, beliefs, attitudes, values, language and nonverbal behaviors all affect interracial communication. The book is easy to read, providing theory, research examples, and ending with a practical outline for an interracial communication class. As a foundation reading, it is valuable; for the communication model it is invaluable. (Donna Stringer)
Richmond, Yale. (1992). From Nyet to Da: Understanding the Russians. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This succinctly written book is a cross-cultural guide for dealing with Russians. The author outlines ways of responding most effectively to Russians on a personal as well as business level. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Richmond,Yale and Phyllis Gestrin. (1998). Into Africa: Intercultural Insights. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
Covering the entire African continent, this volume in the Intercultural Insights series is extremely helpful in understanding broad issues, values, behaviors one might expect to find in Africa. There is also a chapter covering specific regions and one covering business protocol. A useful book for anyone planning to spend time in several African nations. (Donna Stringer)
Ridley, Charles R. (1995). Overcoming Unintentional Racism in Counseling and Therapy. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Rogin, Michael. (1996). Black Face, White Noise. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of CA Press.
Romano, Dugan. (1988). Intercultural Marriage: Promises and Pitfalls. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
This book is divided into three sections: the first outlines what types of people enter intercultural marriages (outcasts, rebels, mavericks, compensators, adventurers, escapists, and unstable) in a tone which was, for this reader, value-laden and primarily negative. The second section discusses pitfalls for inter- cultural marriages: values, food and drink, sex, male-female roles, time, place of residence, politics, friends, finances, in-laws, social class, religion, raising children, language/communication, dealing with stress, illness and suffering, ethnocentrism. And the final section provides some ideas for preparing for such a marriage in a way that will help success; this section is brief and has less "meat" that I would have liked to see. the term intercultural is used almost exclusively to discuss marriages between people from different countries. (Donna Stringer)
Root, M.P. (1993). Mixed People in America. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Root, M.P. (1996). The Multiracial Experience. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
A collection of articles including personal reports and both qualitative and quantitative research covering general human rights, identity, blending and flexibility, gender and sexual identity, multicultural education and future issues of multiracial people. (Donna Stringer)
Rosen, Robert, Patricia Digh, Marshall Singer, and Carl Phillips (2000) Global Literacies: Lessons on Business Leadership and National Cultures. NY: Simon & Schuster.
An outstanding resource for global competencies in managing differences. (Donna Stringer)
Rosinski, Philippe. (2003). Coaching Across Cultures: New Tools for Leveraging National, Corporate & Professional Differences. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
This is an outstanding resource for any cultural dimension (ethnicity, gender, age, occupation organization, etc.). The author uses the intercultural sensitivity model of Milton Bennett and the cultural orientations framework of behavior/values differences to provide coaches with ways of identifying cultural issues that will affect successful conversations with coaches. He provides a framework for identifying any differences between an individual’s skills and orientations that will be helpful in targeting dissonant areas for caching improvements. And finally, he proceeds to offer real-life story examples and provides specific exercises to help coachees through each of 18 cultural dimensions. (Donna Stringer)
Rossman, Marlene L. (1994). Multicultural Marketing: Selling to a Diverse America. STATE: Amacom.
This is an outstanding primer on marketing to diverse audiences. In addition to overview information about changing demographics and the need for targeted marketing, the author includes specific information about the history, spending power, and general marketing ideas for Hispanic, Asian, African-American, Native Americans, Lesbian and Gay, and Jewish markets. (Donna Stringer)
Ruben, Brent and Richard Budd. (1975). Human Communication Handbook: Simulations and Games. Rochelle Park, NJ: Hayden.
Ruderman, Marian N., M. W. Hughes-James and S.E. Jackson. (1996). Selected Research on Work Team Diversity. LOCATION American Psychological Association & Center for Creative Leadership.
This book is a collection of research articles including issues related to managing diverse teams, the impact of group composition and how diversity affects the dynamics of group process.
Ryan, William. (1981). Equality. New York: Pantheon Books.
Using the two theoretical positions of Fair Play (everyone has the chance to play the game and win or fail) and Fair Shares (most resources in society should be commonly shared so that everyone has an opportunity for equality), Ryan analyzes how American culture institutionalizes and promotes inequality--often in the name of equality or fairness. This book is full of anecdotes, historical examples, research data, and "hard" data which persuasively support his premise that the doctrine of individualism denies genuine equality in American society. Specific chapters are devoted to public policy, education, racism and classicism. An outstanding source of data, history, anecdotes and theoretical perspectives on inequality. (Donna Stringer)
Samover, Larry A, Richard E. Porter & Lisa A. Stefani. (1998). Communication Between Cultures. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Thi s is perhaps the best potential intercultural communication textbook published yet. It takes the intercultural perspective, provides an outstanding overview of culture (Chapter 2), perception and values (Chapter 3) and nonverbal behavior (Chapter 6). Application of the information is discussed in chapters 7-9 focusing on business, education and health respectively. It is readable and while it reports research it is not so theoretical that it cannot serve as a text for both undergraduate and graduate classes. (Donna Stringer)
Samovar, Larry A. and Richard Porter. (2003). Intercultural Communication: A Reader (10th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
Focusing solely on communication, this book has four sections: Introduction to intercultural communication which covers broad philosophical and value issues; Socio-Cultural background which includes chapters on specific cultural groups including Japanese, Chinese, American Subcultures (Black, Aging, Disabilities, Gender and Gay); Intercultural Interaction which examines both verbal and nonverbal differences; and Becoming More Effective including stumbling blocks, prejudice, acculturation and ethical considerations. The theoretical and overview pieces are quite strong; the book is revised approximately every two years and each edition has valuable new information. (Donna Stringer)
Saphiere, Dianne Hofner, Barbara Kappler Mikk & Basma Ibrahim Devries. (2005) Communication Highwire: Leveraging the Power of Diverse Communication Style. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
This book is easy to read and particularly useful for an introduction to communication styles. It is filled with examples and suggested activities. Perhaps the most useful element of the book is the authors’ distinctions between Discernible Descriptors (behaviors that are observable), Discoverable Descriptors (requiring some interpretation), and Functional Descriptors (requiring identifying the intended meaning of communication in the context of the interaction). (Donna Stringer)
Sargent, Alice G. (1983). The Androgynous Manager. AMACOM/American Management Associations, New York.
Provides data about successful leadership/management styles which makes an effective argument for both men and women using androgynous styles to succeed in today's business world. Probably good for a mixed audience. (Donna Stringer)
Sargent, Alice, G. (1985). Beyond Sex Roles. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company, St. Paul.
This is a very nice book of readings and exercises which can be very helpful for training in gender issues. (Donna Stringer)
Schein, E. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Schmitz, Joerg. (2003). Cultural Orientations Guide. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Training Press.
This book is intended to accompany the Cultural Orientation Inventory as a study guide. In itself, however, it is a fine review of 10 cultural value orientations and how to identify them and work with them. It has very nice national contrast charts on those 10 values for North America, Asian, Latin American, Eastern European, Western European, and African countries. (Donna Stringer)
Schuman, Howard, Charlette Steen and Lawrence Bobo. (1985). Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Scott, Susan. (2002). Fierce Conversations. New York, NY: Viking Penguin.
Seelye, H. Ned. (1993). Teaching Culture: Strategies for Intercultural Communication. Lincolnwood, Ill.: National Textbook Co.
This book is written for teachers of intercultural communication. Topics include communication context, definition of culture, a framework for understanding cultural data, culture shock, role assignments in predicting and understanding behaviors, situational contexts, meaning of words. Each chapter includes suggested activities, discussion questions and references. Special chapters are dedicated to simulations, setting performance objectives, testing attitudes and understandings, issues for bicultural students and additional resources. Elementary but potentially useful for new teachers or those beginning to integrate intercultural issues into communication classes. (Donna Stringer)
Seelye, H. Ned and Alan Seelye-James. (1995). Culture Clash: Managing in a Multicultural World. Chicago, Ill.: NTC Book Publishers.
Aimed at consultants working primarily in international markets, this book examines those issues which can cause culture clashes (language, silent “codes”, communication styles, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, protocols, negotiation styles). Each chapter is filled with case studies and ends with a “Toolbox” to check the reader’s own orientation and tips for effectiveness. (Donna Stringer)
Shames, Germaine W. (1997). Transcultural Odysseys: The evolving Global Consciousness. Yarmouth, Maine: Publisher???.
This book uses a series of personal stories about international living and working experiences to demonstrate issues travelers might experience including adaptation, changing world views, language, family pressures, fatigue, career management and re-entry. Strategies for success are embedded in the stories which are analyzed by multicultural consultants. A good bibliography and short list of resource organizations conclude the book. (Donna Stringer)
Shusta, Robert M., Deena R. Levine, Philip R. Harris & Herbert Z. Wong. (1995). Multicultural Law Enforcement. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
An outstanding resource for anyone training law enforcement. The book provides good examples, information relevant to police work, and training outlines for police depts..
(Donna Stringer)
Sikkema, Mildred & Agnes Niyekawa. (1987). Design for Cross-Cultural Learning. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This book outlines a three-part program for foreign learning experiences: Pre-Field Seminar, Field Experience and Post-Field Experience. It begins with a very nice overview of the theoretical foundations of a learning experience with blends cognitive and affective components. Also includes a nice reading list. (Donna Stringer)
Silberman, Charles. Crises in Black and White.
Simons, George F. (1991). The Questions of Diversity. Location ??? ODT, Inc..
Simons, George F. (1989). Working Together. Location??? Crisp Publications.
Simons, George F., Carmen Vazquez & Phillip R. Harris. (1993). Transcultural Leadership. Houston, TX: Gulf Publications.
Beginning with demographic changes this book provides both reasons and tools for organizations becoming more multi-cultural. Chapters include examples of culture clashes, effective communication, motivating, managing, feedback, organizational change, gender issues and empowerment. Using More Tightly Woven (high context) and More Loosely Knit (low context) labels, they provide comparisons across MTW and MLK cultures for 21 questions, giving several specific and helpful examples in each area. An easy to read, practical book. (Donna Stringer)
Simons, George F. & G. Deborah Weissman. (1990). Men and Women: Partners at Work. Location??: Crisp Publications.
A small workbook outlining agendas and exercises (both written and classroom) for gender workshops. Most useful as an individual participant study guide. (Donna Stringer)
Singer, M. R. (1998). Perception & Identity in Intercultural Communication. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
The author examines how culture creates a way of seeing the world (perception) that is core to the individual’s own individual and group identities. (Donna Stringer)
Smith, Lillian. Killers of the Dream. New York: W.W. Norton, 1949, revised 1961.
Written in 1948, this is a ground-breaking book in which Lillian Smith, a Southern white woman, analyzes her privileged upbringing and the way she was educated and socialized into racism and classism. She looks at the construction of gender, race and class in the South in a cultural rather than economic context. She analyzes how wealthy white men used the white woman and poor whites to maintain control over Blacks; and the complexity of sexual relationships within the system of domination and exploitation. She also looks at the role of religion in the maintenance of prejudice. The book is dated in its anti-communism and homophobia, but is worthwhile as an examination of the cultural complexities of racism in the South. (Betty Schmitz)
Sollors, Werner. (1986). Beyond Ethnicity: Consent and Descent in America Culture. Ny, NY: Oxford University Press.
Sowell, Thomas. (1981). Ethnic America: A History. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
Steinberg, Stephen. (1981). The Ethnic Myth: Race, Ethnicity and Class in America. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Stewart, Edward C. (1972). American Cultural Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Chicago, IL: Intercultural Press, Inc .
This book is a primary reader for anyone working in cultural diversity. Stewart provides a foundation of understanding reading both culture and the cultural patterns found among groups in American society. (Donna Stringer)
Stewart, Edward C. and Milton J. Bennett. (1991). American Cultural Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, Revised. Yarmouth, Maine, 1991: Intercultural Press, Inc.
Storti, Craig. (1989). The Art of Crossing Cultures. Yarmouth, MN: Intercultural Press, Inc.,.
Aimed at the international sojourner, this book discusses the many ways in which culture shock demonstrates itself, gives suggestions for how to avoid the temptation to withdraw and how to adjust behavioral expectations to fit the culture, thus making appropriate adjustments. Uses quotes from literature as demonstrations. Includes a reading list of relevant novels. An easy to read book for someone preparing for international living.
(Donna Stringer)
Storti, Craig. (1997). The Art of Coming Home. Yarmouth, MN: Intercultural Press, Inc.
This short book (216 pages) helps readers through the re-entry process, defining the four stages and providing helpful ideas for successful repatriation. An outstanding resource. (Donna Stringer).
Storti, Craig. (1999). Figuring Foreigners Out. Yarmouth, MN: Intercultural Press, Inc.
Taking a cultural-general approach, Storti provides a series of self-instructional exercises to help people figure out how to identify effective behaviors in new cultures. Useful, practical, and easy to use. Another great resource. (Donna Stringer)
Sue, D. W. and D. Sue. (1999). Counseling the culturally different. Theory and practice. , 3rd Edition. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
The value of this book extends well beyond the practice of cross-cultural counseling. The authors do an extraordinary job of educating the reader about cultural differences including history, values, family systems, and communication styles. They cover identity development models, contrast western and nonwestern therapeutic strategies and conclude with chapters specific to counseling and therapy with African Americans, Asian Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Hispanic Americans, gays and lesbians, women, elderly and people with disabilities. Case studies throughout are helpful in moving from theory to application. (Donna Stringer)
Summerfield, Ellen. (1993). Crossing Cultures Through Film. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
The author identifies how to use film as a teaching tool and includes reviews of over 50 films including training as well as popular films. (Donna Stringer)
Swierczek, Frederic. (1988, November). Culture and Training: How do They Play Away from Home? Training and Development Journal. Vol. 42, 11.
Takaki, Ronald. (1992). A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America. NY: Little, Brown & Company.
Re-visions our nation's history, forcing an examination of the traditional Anglo-centric view of the development of our country's past. Looks at a range of populations including Native American, African, Irish, Mexican and Asians and how they weave into American history but have been left out. Makes use of stories in a very readable style. (Donna Stringer).
Tanenbaum, Joe. (1989). Male & Female Realities: Understanding the Opposite Sex. Sugar Land, TX: Candle Publishing Company.
Based on the premise that men and women are different and communicate differently, and that "difference" is not "bad" but just difference. The author proceeds to say we cannot ignore these differences but must talk about them in order to more effectively live and work with the other gender. He covers how biology affects behavior, including left/right brain processing, perception, objective and subjective reality, control, communication, emotion, and working together. The book is easy to read and is full of practical examples and information which is supported by research data. The primary weakness is that the research data is not effectively cited or footnoted so the reader who wants such validation is left to her/his own familiarity with the data or with searching for it in the book's short bibliography. (Donna Stringer)
Tannen, Deborah. (1990). You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. NY: William Morrow.
This book does an outstanding job of defining, in easy to understand terms, some of the major gender differences in communication. Beginning with socialization differences, she discusses how men and women apply different meanings to the same words, how power affects communication between genders, and how women talk "rapport talk" while men use "report talk", how men avoid while women see intimacy in communication, and specific style differences in content, tone and pacing. Full of anecdotes and easy to read. (Donna Stringer)
Tannen, Deborah. (1994). Gender and Discourse. NY: Oxford University Press.
This is a book of five reprinted articles on power and dominance between the genders, interpreting interruption, conversational coherence, conversational strategy and ethnic style in male-female interaction. The chapters on power and interruption are particularly helpful. (Donna Stringer)
Tannen, Deborah. (1994). Talking from 9 to 5. NY: William Morrow & Co.
This book reviews male/female communication to explain how men and women mis-perceive each other in the workplace and how these mis-perceptions affect both relationships and effectiveness at work. An outstanding resource, easy to read and full of practical, work-related examples. She includes gender as well as other cultural communication style differences. (Donna Stringer)
Tatum, Berly Daniel. (1997). Why are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? NY: Basic Books.
This book examines the development of racial identity in both Blacks and Whites, through which she helps the reader understand identity issues for both groups of young people and how these issues affect behavior during adolescence. Easy reading as a primer for those who are not deeply grounded in issues related to racism and/or identity development. (Donna Stringer)
Terry, Robert W. (1975). For Whites Only. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Identifying whites as culturally racist, the author challenges whites to develop a "New White Consciousness" which will include the need to become change agents, seek ethical clarity, identify forms of white racism, develop strategies for change, determine appropriate tactics and test and refine new personal styles. This book is a good reading for whites who want to do anti-racism work and/or who think they understand racism. (Donna Stringer)
Thiederman, Sondra. (1991). Bridging Cultural Barriers for Corporate Success. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
This book is easy to read and fully of practical information and advice to managers on improving their effectiveness with a multi-cultural workforce. The six chapters cover confronting the challenges of diversity (definitions of culture, stereotypes and ideas for bridging the differences); language differences; values; etiquette in a range of cultures; motivation strategies and cross cultural training techniques and pitfalls. Appendices include foreign language phrases, tips for interviewing, criticism and coaching, diffusing conflicts, training immigrants and ethnic workers, cultural contrasts and four sample exercises for training. A particularly useful book for the individual manager seeking new information and skills or for the human resource professional developing training programs. (Donna Stringer)
Thiederman, Sondra, PH. D. (2003). Making Diversity Work. Chicago, Il: Dearborn Trade Publishing.
This book offers seven steps to identifying & reducing personal biases that can impact work relationships & therefore be costly to organizations. Recognizing that everyone has biases, many of them hidden, the author offers real life stories of both the persona& business costs of bias and examples of successfully changing biases. This book is particularly useful for someone just beginning the journey of cross cultural effectiveness. (Donna Stringer)
Thiederman, Sondra (1991). Profiting in America’s Multicultural Marketplace. NY: Lexington Books.
This book is a very nice introduction for anyone who is just beginning their thinking about diversity or multicultural issues. The introduction provides background on culture and stereotypes, the second chapter is an outstanding examination of second language challenges, nonverbals are covered in chapter three while chapter four reviews the importance of values and gives outstanding examples of cultural value differences and their implications in the workplace. This book is well written, easy to read, full of exercises, dialogues with multiple choices and explanations of each, and culture tips. It is one of the most useful basic books available. (Donna Stringer)
Thomas, Roosevelt R. (1996). Redefining Diversity. NY, NY: AMACOM.
This book identifies diversity as broader than visible differences, lists eight responses to diversity, and five phases of business. Thomas looks at how issues of external realities, opportunities for learning, time perspectives, and processes for managing change will look as each of the eight responses are applied. The book examines how organizational complexity can lead to bias, especially if people have a limited ability to deal with complexity. He applies the diversity paradigm to managers, minorities and white males. The book separates affirmative action, understanding differences and managing diversity. Part II provides several case studies and ends with a series of best practices (Donna Stringer)
Thomas, Roosevelt R. (1999). Building a House for Diversity. NY,NY: AMACOM.
Using a fable about giraffes and elephants, this book looks at how organizations can create an inclusive environment for employees. The author first defines the mature diversity individual as someone who accepts responsibility, demonstates contextual knowledge, are clear about requiremenets, cope with diversity complexity and tension. Core diversity skills are identified as the ability to identify diversity mixtures and their related tensions, the ability to analyze the mixtures and related tensions, and the ability to select an appropriate response. Using these characteristics and skills, the book continues with a long series of case studies demonstrating how individuals have applied the skills in organizations. (Donna Stringer)
Thomas, Roosevelt R. (1981). Beyond Race and Gender: Unleashing the Power of Your Total Work Force by Managing Diversity. NY, NY: AMACOM.
The author distinguishes between affirmative action, valuing diversity and managing diversity and then focuses his attention on long term processes involved in managing diversity which he defines as requiring organizational culture changes. He gives three organizational examples: one of an "ideal" organization beginning with a cultural audit and proceeding to recommendations and one through five year progress. The second example examines a research industry's efforts to improve their management of diversity including a research project of individual manager needs. The final example is Avon which includes the development and implementation of a five year plan focused on two levels of managers and human resource strategies. This is a good resource for organizations attempting to understand the long term commitment required to manage diversity and providing real-life examples of organizations which are doing the work. (Donna Stringer)
Thomas, R. Roosevelt, Tracy Irving Gray and Marjorie Woodruff. (1992). Differences Do Make a Difference. Atlanta, Georgia: The American Institute for Managing Diversity.
This books begins with brief information regarding assimilation required in organizations and the cost of assimilation to women, minorities and corporations. The authors then use a series of personal biographies to demonstrate how difference can have an effect on employees within organizations. (Donna Stringer)
Tingley, Judith C. (1994). Genderflex: Men & Women Speaking Each Other’s Language at Work. NY: AMACOM.
An easy-to-read, but not-much-substance gender communication book. Could be a starter reading for someone wanting to understand gender communication issues at work. (Donna Stringer)
Ting-Toomey, Stella. (1994). The Challenge of Facework: Cross-Cultural and Interpersonal Issues. NY: State University of NY Press.
A collection of 11 articles regarding face work research. Of particular usefulness to cross cultural trainers are the chapters on Face Parameters in East West Discourse, Gender Perspectives on Facework and Facework in Interpersonal Relationships. While the remaining chapters are interesting from a researcher’s perspective, they have less practical application for training. Donna Stringer.
Ting-Toomey, Stella and Felipe Korzenny, eds. (1991). Cross-Cultural Interpersonal Communication. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.
This collection of articles is a source of information about current research and theories in cross-cultural communication. (Lee Gardenswartz & Anita Rowe)
Ting-Toomey, Stella and Felipe Korzenny.(1989). Language, Communication and Culture: Current Directions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
This is an edited volume of research articles regarding communication. The book is divided into three sections: context and cognition, cross-cultural styles and intergroup communication. Most articles are quite technical and of most interest to communication researchers rather than educators or trainers. (Donna Stringer)
Training Management Corporation. (1995). Doing Business Internationally…the cross-cultural challenges. NJ: Princeton Training Press.
This book has both some outstanding cultural general information as well as 2-4 page culture specific information on approximately 100 cultures. A great resource for quick preparation to visit any specific country. (Donna Stringer)
Triandis, Harry C. (1994). Culture and Social Behavior. NY: McGraw-Hill.
This is an outstanding social psychology resource. It is chocked full of research, focusing primarily on individualism vs. collectivism cultural values. Very academic in tone, it is not an easy read, but an invaluable resource for trainers or educators wanting a deeper level of understanding regarding cultural values. (Donna Stringer)
Trompenaars, Fons. (1998). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business. NY, NY: Irwin Publishing, 2nd Edition.
This is an outstanding resource regarding cultural differences and their effect both within and between business cultures. Defining culture as the way people solve problems, the author proceeds to identify three primary effects on cultural problem solving and cross-cultural misunderstandings: (a) relationships with people (subdivided into universalism vs. particularism, individualism vs. collectivisim, neutral vs. emotional, specific vs. diffuse and achievement vs. ascription), (b) attitudes toward time, and (c) attitudes toward the environment. He then proceeds to offer a chapter on each of these cultural values followed by one which discusses general cultural assumptions in four types of organizations examining hierarchies, relationships, goals and structures in each. And finally he considers how managers can prepare organizations for the internationalization through specific interventions. He clearly states that there is no one best way and at the end of each chapter provides tips for recognizing differences in that chapter's cultural values and tips for doing business with and managing each of the values. This book is a must read for anyone working within organizations shifting from mono- to multi-cultural. (Donna Stringer)
Turkewych, Christine & Helen Guerreiro-Klinowski. (1992). Intercultural Interviewing. Location International Briefing Associates.
Tyler, V. L. (1997). Intercultural Interacting. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University.
A small (95 pages) handbook for people preparing to work or travel internationally, provides information regarding both exit and re-entry culture shock and questions to prepare for encountering other cultures. There are multiple-choice examples of situations one might expect in another culture and a nice checklist for exploring effective responses to communication issues. This booklet gives superb questions and checklists for the cross-cultural traveler without providing answers so the end result is a way of thinking and approaching situations. (Donna Stringer)
University of Wisconsin. (1988). Achieving Faculty Diversity: A Sourcebook of Ideas and Success Stories. The University of Wisconsin System, Office of Equal Opportunity Programs and Policy Studies, 1802 Van Hise Hall, 1220 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
A 50 page handbook with outstanding sections on faculty issues, challenging attitudes and myths, the role of leadership, creative searches, program structures for success, expanding the pool and quality of life. Filled with success stories, examples and practical suggestions. (Donna Stringer)
Varner, Iris and Beamer, Linda. (1995). Intercultural Communication in the Global Workplace. Boston, MA: Irwin/McGraw Hill.
This is an outstanding resource for either business or educational settings. Using an intercultural communication perspective, the book defines culture, discusses cultural differences in five values, considers a range of business communication, nonverbal behavior, cross-cultural negotiation, and the role of government and law and business structure in intercultural business communication. The book is well written, well organized, and full of relevant examples that make it applicable to business readers. (Donna Stringer)
Walker, Danielle, Thomas Walker & Joerg Schmitz. (2003). Doing Business Internationally. NY: McGraw Hill. 2nd Edition.
Using the best intercultural models available, this book explores ten dimensions of culture as they play out in the work environment that has diverse employees. Dimensions include the environment, time, action, communication, space, power, individualism, competitiveness, structure, and thinking. Each dimension is defined with a range of behaviors, strengths, and challenges, including several sub-divisions of the dimension. A very length chapter explores the cultural patterns of behavior in several geographic regions of the world including the Middle East & North Africa, Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America and Latin America. Another chapter focuses on how these dimensions affect marketing and sales, and the final chapter examines multicultural teamwork and collaboration. This book is the foundation for the Cultural Orientation Inventory, an on-line self-assessment that provides a lengthy and valuable feedback to the individual and, if arranged, to the organization. This will be a particularly valuable tool for individuals who want to increase their self awareness and identify specific cultural dimensions for being more effective with targeted populations. The book is easy to read, the accompanying survey is easy to complete, and the feedback from the survey is extremely useful both as an individual development tool and as a team building tool. (Donna Stringer)
Walton, Sally J. (1994). Cultural Diversity in the Workplace. Burr Ridge, Illinois: Irwin Professional Publishing.
This is a very short (10 chapters, 72 pages, bulleted, short answer) self learning booklet. While the general topics covered in the ten chapters are valuable, the author frequently uses very simplistic explanations and asks the reader to respond to questions before providing definitions or information which would allow the reader to learn or develop personal insight. Because the format is so simple, the reader is likely to simply validate what s/he already thought. (Donna Stringer)
Waxler-Morrison, Nancy, Joan M. Anderson, and Elizabeth Richardson, eds. (1990). Cross-Cultural Caring: A Handbook for Health Professionals. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press.
Weeks, William H., Paul Pedersen and Richard Brislin, Editors. (1977). A Manual of Structured Experiences for Cross-Cultural Learning. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
This book has 89 structured experiences for cross-cultural learning. Each exercise has clear objectives and easy instruction. They take from 20 minutes to over 2 hours. The book is divided into sections depending on the type of issue the exercise is intended to cover and includes initial group experience, communication, values, roles, group process, feelings and attitudes, community interaction, brainstorming, and multiple objectives. A useful tool for trainers and educators. (Donna Stringer)
Wederspahn, Gary M. (2000). Intercultural Services: A worldwide buyer’s Guide and Sourcebook. Houston, TX.: Gulf Publishing.
This book is far more than a “buyer’s guide.” It educates the potential buyer of intercultural resources regarding key intercultural concepts and global issues before listing serfices, products, service providers, suppliers, and outstanding bibliographies on many related topics. (Donna Stringer)
Weisbord, M. (1987). Productive Workplaces: Organizing and Managing for Dignity, Meaning and Community. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Wenzhong, Hu and Cornelius L. Grove. (1991). Encountering the Chinese: A guide for Americans. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This useful book goes beyond description to explain Chinese behavior in terms of values, communication styles and non-verbal behaviors. It provides many useful suggestions for Westerners to improve effectiveness when interacting with the Chinese (Donna Stringer)
Whitmore, J. (2002). Coaching for Performance: GROWing People, Performance, and Purpose. Third Edition. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
Using a number of acronyms, e.g., SMART, PURE and CLEAR, this book is a quick easy reading, guide to coaching specifically for improved performance.
Wilson, Meena S., Michael H. Hoppe, & Leonard R. Sales. (2002). Managing Across Cultures: A Learning Framework. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
This is a small monograph that relies on the traditional cultural anthropology values continuum to identify seven orientations (Individual-Collective; Tough-Tender; Equal-Unequal; Dynamic-Stable; Active-Reflective; Time as Scarce-Plentiful and Doing-Being that might be seen in a diverse work environment. Each of the seven areas of explained with several criteria given. An outstanding resource. (Donna Stringer)
Wilson, Trevor. (1996). Diversity at Work: The business Case for Equity. NY: John Wiley & sons.
This book provides demographic data, legal history, business case and best practices for both Canadian and US companies. Mr. Wilson is Canadian so the book is particularly useful for its added information about Canada. He also has a model for five states of organizational development which is useful. Particularly helpful elements in the book include how to do an executive briefing (page102), components of an effective communication plan (pages 110-116), questions for needs assessments (pages 130-31), historical movement from inequality to equality to equity, checklists for conducting policy reviews (pages 143-159) and best practices in each of the five organizational stages (chapter 10). (Donna Stringer)
Winfield, Liz and Susan Spielman. (1995). Straight Talk About Gays in the Workplace. NY: American Management Assn.
This is an outstanding resource, full of information regarding lesbians and gays in the work environment. It covers facts about sexual orientation, strategies for inclusive workplaces, designing and delivering sexual orientation training, legal and financial information regarding domestic partnership benefits and HIV/AIDS. Perhaps the best book yet on workplace issues regarding sexual orientation. (Donna Stringer)
Wiseman, Richard L., and Jolene Koester, eds. Intercultural Communication Competence. International and Intercultural Communication Annual, #17. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1993.
Wishik, Heather and Carol Pierce. (1995). Sexual Orientation and Identity. Laconia, NH: New Dynamics Publishing.
This book outlines and discusses three major stages of sexual orientation and relationships: TheDominance and Subordinance of Compulsory Heterosexuality, Transition, and Diversity of Relationships and Sexualities. The graphic model is quite useful, the narrative book less so, although the personal stories could be very helpful as examples in training. (Donna Stringer)
Wu, Frank H. (2002). Yellow: Race in America Beyond Black and White. New York: Basic Books.
The author provides outstanding documentation of the absence of Asians from U.S. civil rights actions and discussions. The “model minority” burden is discussed followed by outstanding chapters covering affirmative action, and racial profiling. Wu applies critical thinking to both historical and current data in a way that is thought provoking. This is not, however an “objective” study; the author’s language is that of an advocate for recognizing Asians and for consistency in both policies and practices related to diversity in every possible arena. (Donna Stringer)
Wurzel, Jaime S. (1988). Toward Multiculturalism. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.
This small book of readings is divided into a section on Human Conditions (ethnocentrism, prejudice, conformity) and one on Cultural Variations (Socialization, value orientations, verbal and nonverbal communication, and culture and thought). At the end of each theme, there are a series of questions for discussions. This would be a particularly helpful book for discussions in cultural anthropology, psychology, language, sociology classes. It would not serve as a main text. (Donna Stringer)
Zemke, Ron, and Chip Bell. (2003). Service Magic: The Art of Amazing Your Customers. Chicago, IL: Dearborn Trade Company.
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