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Gengo Japanese Lesson #23 - Take Charge of the Situation Using Your Japanese

右に 曲がって、左に曲がる...

Migi ni magatte, hidari ni magaru...

"Turn right, and then turn left..."

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In this lesson, you will:

●  Learn how to make and use the te-form of verbs

●  Learn how to ask someone to do something using [te-form of verb] + kudasai (ください)

●  Learn useful phrases for giving directions

●  Learn how to use the set phrase ki o tsukete (気をつけて)

Te-form of Verbs

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The te-form of verbs has many different uses in Japanese. In this lesson, we will focus on the te-form plus kudasai (ください), which enables us to make a polite request.

Class 1

We can sort class 1 verbs into several groups according to the final syllable of their dictionary forms.

 ★ Class 1 verbs that end in -ku, -gu ⇒  ite, ide

|English |Dictionary Form |te-form |

|"to hear" |きく |きいて　 |

| |kiku |kiite |

|"to hurry" |いそぐ |いそいで　 |

| |isogu |isoide |

|*EXCEPTION!" |

|"to go" |いく |いって |

| |iku |itte |

 

★ Class 1 verbs that end in -mu, -bu, -nu, ⇒ nde

|English |Dictionary Form |te-form |

|"to drink" |のむ |のんで |

| |nomu |nonde |

|"to play" |あそぶ　 |あそんで |

| |asobu |asonde |

|"to die" |しぬ |しんで |

| |shinu |shinde |

 

★ Class 1 verbs that end in -u, -tsu, -ru, ⇒ tte

|English |Dictionary Form |te-form |

|"to buy" |かう |かって |

| |kau |katte |

|"to wait" |まつ |まって |

| |matsu |matte |

|"to turn" |まがる |まがって |

| |magaru |magatte |

 

★ Class 1 verbs that end in -su ⇒ shite

|English |Dictionary Form |te-form |

|"to speak" |はなす |はなして |

| |hanasu |hanashite |

Class 2

1. Omit the final -ru sound

2. Add -te

|English |Dictionary Form |te-form |

|"to open" |あける　 |あけて　 |

| |akeru |akete |

|"to close" |しめる　 |しめて |

| |shimeru |shimete |

|"to eat" |たべる |たべて |

| |taberu |tabete |

|"to look, to see" |みる |みて |

| |miru |mite |

|"to show" |みせる |みせて |

| |miseru |misete |

|"to teach" |おしえる |おしえて |

| |oshieru |oshiete |

|"to leave, to appear" |でる |でて |

| |deru |dete |

 

Class 3

|English |Dictionary Form |te-form |

|"to do" |する |して |

| |suru |shite |

|"to come" |くる |きて |

| |kuru |kite |

 

[Te-form of a Verb] + Kudasai (ください)

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Now that we know how to make the te-form of a verb, we can use it to ask something to do something. By adding kudasai (ください) to the te-form of a verb, we create a command.

[te-form of a verb] + kudasai

|Verb (dictionary form) |Te-form of a verb |+ kudasai |"Please _____" |

|いそぐ |→ いそいで |+ ください |"Please hurry." |

|isogu |→ isoide |+ kudasai | |

|まつ |→ まって |+ ください |"Please wait." |

|matsu |→ matte |+ kudasai | |

|曲がる |→ 曲がって |+ ください |"Please turn." |

|magaru |→ magatte |+ kudasai | |

|来る |→ 来て |+ ください |"Please come." |

|kuru |→ kite |+ kudasai | |

 Examples From the Dialogue:

1. 駅員: 中央改札口を出てください。

Eki'in: Chūō kaisatsu guchi o dete kudasai.

Station Attendant: "Go out the Central Exit."

2. 駅員: じゃ、来てください。

Eki'in: Ja, kite kudasai.

Station Attendant: "All right, come with me."

Useful Phrases for Giving Directions

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In the dialogue, Ashley asked the station attendant for directions to Yodobashi Camera. Let's take a look at some expressions that we commonly use when giving directions. These are necessary if you ever plan to travel to Japan!

|左にまがる |hidari ni magaru |"to turn left" |

|右にまがる |migi ni magaru |"to turn right" |

|まっすぐ(に)いく |massugu (ni) iku |"to go straight" |

|(place)を出る |(place) o deru |"to leave (a place)" |

|(place)で降りる |(place) de oriru |"to get off at (place)" |

Te-form commands:

|左にまがって |hidari ni magatte |"Turn left." |

|右にまがって |migi ni magatte |"Turn right." |

|まっすぐ(に)行って |massugu (ni) itte |"Go straight." |

|(place)を出て |(place) o dete |"Leave (place)." |

|(place)で降りて |(place) de orite |"Get off at (place)." |

Examples:

1. 駅員:ここを出て、右に曲がってください。

Eki'in: Koko o dete, migi ni magatte kudasai.

Station Attendant: "Go out here, and turn right."

2. 駅員:それから、左に曲がってください。

Eki'in: Sore kara, hidari ni magatte kudasai.

Station Attendant: "Then, turn left."

3. アシュリー:右に曲がって、左に曲がる・・・

Ashurī: Migi ni magatte, hidari ni magaru...

Ashley: "Turn right, and then turn left..."

Using Ki o Tsukete (気をつけて)

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Ki o tsukete (気をつけて) is a set phrase that we use to mean "take care" or "be careful." We often use it when we are seeing somebody off. In the dialogue, the station attendant says it to Ashley as she leaves. Adding kudasai (ください) to the end of this phrase makes it more polite: ki o tsukete kudasai (気をつけてください).

駅員:じゃ、気をつけて。

Eki'in: Ja, ki o tsukete.

Station Attendant: "Take care."

Vocabulary Building

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Let's take a look at how to say cardinal directions in Japanese.

|Japanese |Romaji |English |

|北 |kita |"North" |

|南 |minami |"South" |

|西 |nishi |"West" |

|東 |higashi |"East" |

We can combine these cardinal directions with the word guchi (口) meaning "exit," to specify certain exits. These words are often used at train stations.

|Japanese |Romaji |English |

|北口 |kita-guchi |"North exit" |

|南口 |minami-guchi |"South exit" |

|西口 |nishi-guchi |"West exit" |

|東口 |higashi-guchi |"East exit" |

|入口 |iriguchi |"entrance" |

|出口 |deguchi |"exit" |

Rush Hour in Japan

In Tokyo and other major Japanese cities, public transport becomes very crowded during the rush hour. With most companies starting work at 9:00 AM and ending at 5:00 PM, rush hour is between roughly 7:45 to 8:45 AM and shortly after 5:00 PM on weekdays. If you ride the train during rush hour and have trouble getting off of the train at your stop, you can use the phrases Ashley used in the dialogue: sumimasen, orimasu (すみません、降ります), which means, "Excuse me, I'm getting off here." Even when it's not rush hour, some train lines in Japan can get quite crowded, so it's a good idea to keep these phrases in mind.

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