White Plains Public Schools / Overview



A Time to Review – Imperialism As Well As Woodrow Wilson and World War I

US History/Napp Name: ________________

|The Roosevelt Corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine proclaimed the |Which title best completes the partial outline below? |

|right of the United States to | |

|(1) intervene in the internal affairs of Latin |I. __________________________________ |

|American nations |A. No government without consent of the governed |

|(2) impose trade restrictions on European imports |B. High cost of defending territories outside the United States |

|(3) promote democracy in Africa |C. United States tradition of noninvolvement |

|(4) determine the border between Alaska and Canada | |

| |(1) America’s New Immigration Policy |

|During World War I, what was President Woodrow Wilson’s purpose in |(2) Reasons for Overseas Expansion |

|outlining the Fourteen Points? |(3) Causes of the Spanish-American War |

|(1) asking Congress for additional funding for the war effort |(4) Arguments Opposing Imperialism |

|(2) suggesting a peace plan to prevent future wars | |

|(3) proposing war crimes trials for leaders of enemy nations |After World War I, one way in which the Red Scare, the passing of the |

|(4) calling for military alliances against aggressor nations |Quota Acts, and the growth of the Ku Klux Klan were similar is that |

| |they all |

|In the early 1900s, the United States proposed the Open Door policy to|(1) exploited fears about people who were |

|(1) gain new colonies in the Pacific |considered un-American |

|(2) win support for building the Panama Canal |(2) encouraged the assimilation of new immigrants |

|(3) improve relations with Europe |into American society |

|(4) secure access to markets in China |(3) supported the goals of the suffrage movement |

| |(4) exhibited prejudice against African Americans |

|The Federal Reserve System was created in 1913 to | |

|(1) authorize Congress to set interest rates |The explosion of the USS Maine and the practice of yellow journalism |

|(2) regulate the nation’s money supply |played a significant role in the |

|(3) allow the government to own the nation’s |(1) public’s support for the Spanish-American War |

|banks |(2) creation of the Open Door policy |

|(4) take over the responsibility of printing money |(3) acquisition of Florida |

| |(4) purchase of Alaska |

| | |

| | |

|8. The United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles| |

|after World War I because many senators believed | |

|(1) President Woodrow Wilson was too ill to sign the treaty |12. The Federal Reserve System was created in 1913 to |

|(2) most Americans had sympathized with |(1) regulate the money supply |

|Germany during the war |(2) operate mints to coin money |

|(3) the treaty would not require reparations from Germany |(3) collect tax revenues |

|(4) the League of Nations could draw the United States into future |(4) protect deposits in savings banks |

|wars | |

| |13. During World War I, President Woodrow Wilson used his wartime |

|9. President Theodore Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine |powers to |

|primarily affected Latin America by |(1) win passage of quota acts |

|(1) guaranteeing human rights throughout the Western Hemisphere |(2) grant all women the right to vote |

|(2) supporting independence movements in |(3) expand freedom of the press |

|many countries |(4) increase government control of the economy |

|(3) encouraging immigration to the United States | |

|(4) increasing United States intervention in the region |14. The Senate’s opposition to United States |

| |membership in the League of Nations was based mainly on the |

|10. One way in which the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the |(1) cost of membership dues |

|Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907) are similar is that they |(2) failure to give the United States veto power |

|(1) reflected nativist attitudes in the United |(3) fear of being drawn into future wars |

|States |(4) concern that United States businesses would be damaged |

|(2) encouraged a policy of popular sovereignty | |

|(3) led to an increase in Asian immigration |15. In the 1890s, the main goal of those who |

|(4) eased requirements for citizenship |supported United States imperialism was to |

| |(1) bring self-government to areas under United States control |

|11. Which headline related to the Spanish-American War is an example |(2) obtain overseas markets and naval bases |

|of yellow journalism? |(3) defend against attacks by enemy nations |

|(1) “President McKinley Asks Congress for War Declaration Against |(4) spread democracy to Africa and Latin |

|Spain” |America |

|(2) “United States Mobilizes for War with Spain” | |

|(3) “United States Demands Response to Spanish Actions” |16. Henry Cabot Lodge and other senators opposed ratification of the |

|(4) “Spanish Troops Slaughter Innocent Cuban Citizens” |Treaty of Versailles (1919) because they believed the treaty |

| |(1) failed to punish Germany for its involvement in World War I |

|17. “We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted |(2) excluded reparations for European allies |

|submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the |(3) could draw the United States into future |

|United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding,|conflicts |

|we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war|(4) placed blame for World War I on all the |

|together, make peace together, generous financial support and an |warring countries |

|understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost |20. Which action was a result of the other three? |

|territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail |(1) Germany’s policy of unrestricted submarine warfare |

|is left to you…” |(2) United States entry into World War I |

|~ Telegram of January 19, 1917 |(3) interception of the Zimmermann Note |

| |(4) United States loans to Allied nations |

|This telegram was part of an effort to | |

|(1) form an alliance between Germany and the United States |21. The vote by the United States Senate on the Treaty of Versailles |

|(2) convince several western states to secede |(1919) demonstrated |

|from the United States |(1) an unwillingness to join the League of |

|(3) bring Mexico into World War I on the side of Great Britain and |Nations |

|France |(2) a commitment to collective security |

|(4) enlist Mexican support for Germany if the United States declared |(3) a belief that the nation required a stronger military |

|war |(4) a rejection of colonialism |

| | |

|18. Publication of this telegram in United States newspapers helped to|22. Yellow journalism contributed to the start of the Spanish-American|

|(1) reelect Woodrow Wilson as president |War (1898) by |

|(2) convince the American public to support |(1) portraying William McKinley as a pro-war president |

|entrance into World War I |(2) inciting public outrage over conditions in |

|(3) encourage Congress to pass neutrality |Cuba |

|legislation |(3) showing the need to acquire colonies in the Pacific |

|(4) grant statehood to Arizona and New Mexico |(4) demanding the repeal of the Gentlemen’s |

| |Agreement |

|19. What was the primary reason many African Americans migrated to the| |

|North both during and after World War I? |23. The United States tried to avoid involvement in World War I by |

|(1) More economic opportunities existed in the North. |following a policy of |

|(2) Few chances to gain political office were available in the South. |(1) neutrality |

|(3) Racism and discrimination had been eliminated in the North. |(2) collective security |

|(4) Southern cities were overcrowded. |(3) economic boycotts |

| |(4) military preparedness |

| | |

|25. Which event most influenced President Woodrow Wilson’s decision to|24. The main reason for increased migration of African Americans out |

|enter World War I? |of the rural South during and following World War I was the |

|(1) defeat of Russia by Germany |(1) availability of farmland in the West |

|(2) assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |(2) opportunity for factory jobs in the North |

|(3) raids by Mexico on the southwestern United States |(3) chance to escape racial segregation by joining the military |

|(4) renewal of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany |(4) elimination of the Ku Klux Klan in the northern States |

| |30. The “clear and present danger” doctrine |

|26. A major reason the United States entered World War I was to |established in Schenck v. United States (1919) concerned the issue of |

|(1) maintain freedom of the seas |(1) freedom of speech |

|(2) stop impressment of United States sailors |(2) the right to bear arms |

|(3) protect United States cities from foreign |(3) the right to an attorney |

|attacks |(4) separation of church and state |

|(4) counter a German invasion of Latin America | |

| |31. Yellow journalists created support for the Spanish-American War by|

|27. Isolationists in the Senate objected to the United States joining |writing articles about the |

|the League of Nations because they opposed |(1) political popularity of William Jennings Bryan |

|(1) creation of the Security Council |(2) efforts of the United States to control Mexico |

|(2) colonialism in Africa and Asia |(3) destruction of United States sugar plantations by Hawaiians |

|(3) membership in the League by Germany |(4) sinking of the United States battleship Maine in Havana Harbor |

|(4) involvement in future foreign wars | |

| |32. Many United States senators refused to support membership in the |

|28. Which factor is most closely associated with the decision of the |League of Nations because they believed that it would |

|United States to declare war on Spain in 1898? |(1) endanger United States economic growth |

|(1) isolationist policy |(2) force the United States to give up its colonies |

|(2) labor union pressure |(3) grant the president the power to annex new territory |

|(3) yellow journalism |(4) involve the United States in future foreign conflicts |

|(4) unrestricted submarine warfare | |

| |33. News organizations were engaging in yellow journalism before the |

|29. A major purpose of President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points |Spanish-American War when |

|(1918) was to |(1) publishers tried to prevent the war |

|(1) ask Congress to enter World War I |(2) articles about Cuba were fair and balanced |

|(2) set goals for achieving peace after World War I |(3) editors exaggerated events to build support for war |

|(3) provide an aid program for rebuilding |(4) writers ignored the situation in Cuba |

|war-torn nations | |

|(4) retaliate for the sinking of the Lusitania | |

| | |

| | |

|34. “…There’s no chance of progress and reform in an administration in| |

|which war plays the principal part…” | |

|~ President-elect Woodrow Wilson, 1913 |38. Today, the Federal Reserve System attempts to stabilize the |

|In this statement, President-elect Wilson was expressing the belief |economy of the United States by |

|that |(1) requiring federal budgets be prepared and presented to Congress |

|(1) the United States should enter World War I immediately |(2) levying and collecting income taxes |

|(2) reform movements are strengthened by war |(3) regulating interest rates and the money |

|(3) the nation will require a change in leadership if it goes to war |supply |

|(4) the Progressive movement would be best |(4) backing all currency with silver and gold |

|served by continued peace | |

| |39. What was a major reason the United States entered World War I |

|35. In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court decided that|(1917)? |

|a “clear and present danger” to the country allowed the federal |(1) The Japanese had occupied Manchuria. |

|government to |(2) Foreign troops had landed on American soil. |

|(1) establish a peacetime draft |(3) The Austro-Hungarian Empire had invaded Belgium. |

|(2) restrict first amendment rights |(4) Germany had resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. |

|(3) suspend habeas corpus | |

|(4) limit minority voting rights |40. What was one effect of the Bolshevik Revolution (October 1917) on |

| |the United States? |

|36. One reason the United States Senate refused to approve the Treaty |(1) Nativism increased, leading to the Red Scare. |

|of Versailles after World War I was that many senators |(2) Federal courts banned anti-immigrant groups. |

|(1) were concerned about future United States obligations in foreign |(3) The Allied powers needed fewer United |

|affairs |States troops. |

|(2) rejected United States colonial practices in Asia |(4) Immigration laws were changed to allow refugees from Russia. |

|(3) wanted immediate repayment of war debts from France | |

|(4) supported increased foreign aid to Germany |41. What was the effect of the “clear and present danger” ruling |

| |established in Schenck v. United States (1919)? |

|37. The United States issued the Open Door policy (1899–1900) |(1) placing limits on constitutional freedoms |

|primarily to |(2) decreasing the president’s powers during |

|(1) bring democratic government to the Chinese people |wartime |

|(2) secure equal trade opportunities in China |(3) limiting the hours women could work in |

|(3) force China to change its immigration |industry |

|policies |(4) upholding the right of states to regulate child labor |

|(4) use China as a stepping stone to trade with Japan | |

|42. “Hawaiian Planters Urge American Annexation” | |

|“U.S. and Germany Negotiate for Control of the Samoan Islands” | |

|“U.S. Gains Control of Wake Island and Guam” | |

|Which conclusion can best be drawn from these headlines? |46. After World War I, the United States Senate refused to approve the|

|(1) The Anti-Imperialist League strongly influenced Congress. |Treaty of Versailles. This action reflected the Senate’s intention to |

|(2) Respect for native cultures motivated United States foreign |(1) provide support for the League of Nations |

|policy. |(2) punish the nations that began the war |

|(3) United States territorial expansion increased in the Pacific |(3) return to a policy of isolationism |

|Ocean. |(4) maintain United States leadership in world affairs |

|(4) Construction of a railroad to Alaska was a major policy goal. | |

| |47. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the United States |

|43. The Federal Reserve System was created in 1913 to |became involved in Latin America primarily to |

|(1) protect endangered species |(1) establish new colonies |

|(2) reduce tariff rates |(2) protect economic and security interests |

|(3) collect income taxes |(3) raise the living standards of Latin Americans |

|(4) regulate the nation’s money supply |(4) stop the flow of illegal drugs into the United States |

| | |

|44. President Woodrow Wilson’s policy of strict neutrality during the |48. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was intended to |

|early years of World War I was challenged by |(1) create a national parks system |

|(1) German violations of freedom of the seas |(2) regulate the stock market |

|(2) British disrespect for the Roosevelt corollary |(3) control the nation’s money supply |

|(3) attacks by Mexicans on United States border towns |(4) establish homelands for Native American |

|(4) the refusal of the League of Nations to supply peacekeepers |Indians |

| | |

|45. The United States promoted its economic |49. Which geographic feature most influenced the ability of the United|

|interest in China by |States to protect its mainland from attack during World War I? |

|(1) intervening in the Sino-Japanese War |(1) Gulf of Mexico (3) Pacific Ocean |

|(2) passing the Chinese Exclusion Act |(2) Great Lakes (4) Atlantic Ocean |

|(3) encouraging the Boxer Rebellion | |

|(4) adopting the Open Door policy |50. Which argument was used by the Supreme Court in reaching its |

| |“clear and present danger” ruling in Schenck v. United States (1919)? |

| |(1) The military is under civilian control. |

| |(2) Powers are separated between the federal and state governments. |

| |(3) Constitutional rights are not absolute. |

| |(4) The Constitution provides for equal protection under the laws |

|51. A major purpose of both the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the |55. Which two geographic features most influenced United States |

|Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan (1907) was to |foreign policy throughout the 19th century? |

|(1) limit immigration of certain ethnic groups |(1) Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean |

|(2) enrich America’s cultural diversity |(2) Gulf of Mexico and Missouri River |

|(3) treat all Asian and European immigrants |(3) Great Lakes and Hudson River |

|equally |(4) Appalachian Mountains and Rocky |

|(4) relocate Asians displaced by war |Mountains |

| | |

|52. President Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy is most closely |56. Prior to entering World War I, the United States protested |

|associated with |Germany’s use of submarine warfare primarily because it |

|(1) friendly relations with China after the Boxer Rebellion |(1) violated the Monroe Doctrine |

|(2) conservation of natural resources |(2) discouraged immigration to the United States |

|(3) court actions to support business monopolies |(3) posed a direct threat to American cities |

|(4) intervention in Latin American affairs |(4) violated the principle of freedom of the seas |

| | |

|53. As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States saw the|57. What was a primary reason for the great migration of African |

|need to build the Panama Canal because |Americans to northern cities during World War I? |

|(1) new colonies had been acquired in Africa |(1) Job opportunities were available in northern factories. |

|(2) Spanish opposition to the canal had ended |(2) Jim Crow laws in the South had been repealed. |

|(3) the United States navy could then move more quickly between oceans|(3) Voting rights laws had been passed in northern states. |

|(4) United States railroads could not transport enough manufactured |(4) The federal government had guaranteed an end to discrimination. |

|goods | |

| |58. The Spanish-American War (1898) marked a turning point in United |

|54. The United States found it difficult to remain neutral during the |States foreign policy because the United States |

|first three years of World War I because of its desire to |(1) developed a plan for peaceful coexistence |

|(1) expand its interests in the Caribbean |(2) emerged as a major world power |

|(2) control the Suez Canal |(3) pledged neutrality in future European |

|(3) maintain freedom of the seas for trade with European nations |conflicts |

|(4) obtain migrant workers for American farms |(4) refused to become a colonial power |

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|59. A primary reason for the establishment of the Open Door policy |64. In the years before the United States entered World War I, |

|(1899) was to |President Woodrow Wilson violated his position of strict neutrality by|

|(1) protect United States trade in the Far East |(1) secretly sending troops to fight for the |

|(2) gain control of the Panama Canal Zone |democratic nations |

|(3) encourage Chinese immigration to the |(2) openly encouraging Mexico to send troops to support the Allies |

|United States |(3) supporting economic policies that favored the Allied nations |

|(4) improve relations with Russia |(4) using United States warships to attack |

| |German submarines |

|60. The Federal Reserve System helps to regulate | |

|(1) the annual federal budget |65. In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court upheld the |

|(2) state sales tax rates |right of government to protect national security during wartime by |

|(3) Social Security payments |(1) nationalizing important industries that |

|(4) the nation’s money supply |supported the war effort |

| |(2) limiting speech that presented a clear and present danger to the |

|61. Which issue was the focus of the Supreme Court decision in Schenck|nation |

|v. United States (1919)? |(3) suspending the writ of habeas corpus for |

|(1) freedom of speech for war protesters |illegal aliens |

|(2) relocation of ethnic minority groups |(4) expelling enemy aliens who had favored the Central Powers |

|(3) use of detention camps for enemy aliens | |

|(4) integration of military forces |66. The main reason the United States implemented the Open Door policy|

| |in China was to |

|62. By proclaiming the Open Door policy in 1899, the United States was|(1) promote immigration |

|attempting to |(2) expand democratic reforms |

|(1) keep Japan from attacking and colonizing China |(3) encourage religious freedom |

|(2) increase trade between Russia and the |(4) guarantee access to markets |

|United States | |

|(3) ensure equal trading opportunities in China |67. Which United States policy is most closely associated with the |

|(4) prevent European countries from colonizing the Western Hemisphere |annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines? |

| |(1) neutrality |

|63. President Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy was used by the |(2) isolationism |

|United States to |(3) imperialism |

|(1) police the Western Hemisphere |(4) international cooperation |

|(2) expand its colonial empire in Africa | |

|(3) isolate itself from European conflicts | |

|(4) settle dispute between Russia and Japan | |

| | |

| | |

| |72. When the Federal Reserve Board lowers interest rates, it is most |

| |likely attempting to |

| |(1) stimulate consumer spending |

|68. The Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States (1919) |(2) lower prices |

|stated that |(3) encourage saving |

|(1) immigrants have limited rights |(4) reduce investment |

|(2) freedom of speech is not absolute | |

|(3) rights of the accused may not be limited | |

|(4) women should be granted suffrage | |

| | |

|69. President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were proposed during |73. I.____________________________________ |

|World War I primarily to |A. Sea power is the key to national greatness. |

|(1) define postwar objectives for the United |B. United States missionaries spread |

|States |Christian principles. |

|(2) outline military strategies for the United |C. The Anglo-Saxon civilization is the best in the world. |

|States |D. Sugar plantations in Hawaii were developed by Americans. |

|(3) convince other democratic nations to join the United Nations | |

|(4) strengthen the United States policy of |(1) Reasons to Declare War on Spain |

|Isolationism |(2) Justification for American Imperialism |

| |(3) Theodore Roosevelt’s Political Platform |

|70. To improve distribution of money and guarantee an adequate money |(4) Yellow Journalism in Newspapers |

|supply, President Woodrow | |

|Wilson asked Congress to |74. Which title best completes the partial outline below? |

|(1) eliminate the gold standard | |

|(2) limit foreign investment |I.____________________________________ |

|(3) provide insurance for bank deposits |A. Sea power is the key to national greatness. |

|(4) establish the Federal Reserve System |B. United States missionaries spread |

| |Christian principles. |

|71. The clear-and-present danger doctrine established in Schenck v. |C. The Anglo-Saxon civilization is the best in the world. |

|United States (1919) permits the government to |D. Sugar plantations in Hawaii were developed by Americans. |

|(1) declare war on any nation that attacks the United States | |

|(2) limit speech that threatens the security of the nation |(1) Reasons to Declare War on Spain |

|(3) break up monopolies that limit business |(2) Justification for American Imperialism |

|competition |(3) Theodore Roosevelt’s Political Platform |

|(4) outlaw organizations that threaten the civil rights of others |(4) Yellow Journalism in Newspapers |

| | |

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| | |

| |79. Which factor contributed most to the growth of nativist attitudes |

| |in the United States in the years immediately following World War I? |

| |(1) the establishment of national Prohibition |

| |(2) a decline of organized religions |

|75. A goal of President Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy and |(3) the increase in the number of settlement |

|President William Howard Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy policy toward Latin |houses |

|America was to |(4) the large numbers of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe |

|(1) join Western Hemisphere nations in a | |

|military alliance |80. The Federal Reserve System was created to |

|(2) protect American economic and political |(1) maintain a national petroleum supply |

|interests |(2) provide military support for the armed forces |

|(3) encourage foreign nations to establish |(3) protect consumers from fraud |

|colonies |(4) manage the nation’s supply of currency and interest rates |

|(4) raise Latin America’s standard of living | |

| |81. One goal for a lasting peace that President Woodrow Wilson |

|76. A major reason the United States entered World War I was to |included in his Fourteen Points was |

|(1) gain additional colonial possessions |(1) establishing a League of Nations |

|(2) react to the bombing of Pearl Harbor |(2) maintaining a permanent military force in Europe |

|(3) safeguard freedom of the seas for United States ships |(3) returning the United States to a policy of |

|(4) honor prewar commitments to its military allies |isolationism |

| |(4) blaming Germany for causing World War I |

|77. Why was there increased interest in building a canal across | |

|Central America in the late 1800s? |82. The Open Door policy of 1899 was originally adopted so that the |

|(1) The United States had acquired colonies in the Pacific region. |United States could |

|(2) Tariffs on Chinese and Japanese products had ended. |(1) restrict Chinese immigration |

|(3) The main source of immigration had shifted from northern Europe to|(2) stop Japan from colonizing China |

|southern Europe. |(3) gain equal trading rights in China |

|(4) Transcontinental railroads had not yet been completed. |(4) encourage the development of democracy in China |

| | |

|78. One result of the Spanish-American War of 1898 was that the United| |

|States was | |

|(1) recognized as a world power | |

|(2) committed to isolationism | |

|(3) drawn into World War II | |

|(4) forced into an economic depression | |

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[pic]

83. The United States government published these World War I posters to encourage Americans to

(1) Increase military enlistments

(2) Reduce the use of consumer goods

(3) Invest in the war effort

(4) Conserve scarce resources for the military

84. “United States Senate Criticized as ‘Millionaire’s Club’”

Which action addressed the problem suggested by this Progressive Era headline?

(1) Instituting the direct election of senators

(2) Increasing the number of senators from each state

(3) Decreasing the length of term of office for a senator

(4) Establishing voting rights for eighteen-year old Citizens

85. Which statement best expresses a common belief among nativists in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

(1) “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses.”

(2) “The streets are paved with gold.”

(3) “All immigrants strengthen America.”

(4) “America is for Americans.”

86. An important result of the Spanish-American War of 1898 was that the United States

(1) Acquired territories in Africa

(2) Became a world power with an overseas empire

(3) Improved its relations with Germany

(4) Lost interest in Latin American affairs

[pic]

87. This poster was used during the administration of President Woodrow Wilson to

(1) Convince men to enlist in the military services

(2) Help finance the war effort

(3) Support membership in the League of Nations

(4) Emphasize the goals of the Fourteen Points

88. Which movement’s primary goal was the ratification of a constitutional amendment authorizing Prohibition?

(1) Abolitionist (3) temperance

(2) Populist (4) settlement house

[pic]

89. Which conclusion is most clearly supported by information on the map?

(1) The United States respected the sovereignty of Latin American nations.

(2) United States military action was used to protect American interests.

(3) The United States rarely used its armed forces in Latin America before World War II.

(4) United States military action in Latin America supported European colonies.

90. Which United States foreign policy was most often used to carry out the actions shown on the map?

(1) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

(2) Wilson’s Fourteen Points

(3) Kellogg-Briand Pact

(4) Open Door

91. The migration of African Americans to the North during and following World War I was mainly a result of the

(1) Success of military desegregation

(2) Efforts of the civil rights movement

(3) Availability of new factory jobs

(4) Impact of affirmative action programs

92. “…In other words, our demand is that big business give the people a square deal and that the people give a square deal to any man engaged in big business who honestly endeavors to do what is right and proper.…”

~ Theodore Roosevelt, “A Charter for Democracy,” February 21, 1912

This statement reflects President Theodore Roosevelt’s position that the federal government should

(1) Leave regulation of big business to the states

(2) Cease regulation of business activities

(3) Regulate abusive business practices

(4) Seize control of all trusts

[pic]

93. The cartoon illustrates the actions of President Theodore Roosevelt in

(1) Securing the land to build the Panama Canal

(2) Leading troops in the Spanish-American War

(3) Ending the war between Russia and Japan

(4) Improving diplomatic relations with Latin American nations

94. Critics of the actions shown in this cartoon claimed President Theodore Roosevelt was

(1) Causing environmental damage (3) Following a policy of imperialism

(2) Requiring massive tax increases (4) Producing major trade deficits with China

95. Henry Ford’s use of the assembly line in the production of automobiles led directly to

(1) A decrease in the number of automobiles available

(2) A decrease in the cost of automobiles

(3) An increase in the unemployment rate

(4) An increase in the time needed to produce a single automobile

96. Speaker A: Nature should be left as it is found. All unsettled land should be off limits to future settlement or development.

Speaker B: Natural resources should be controlled by big business to ensure the economic strength of the United States. Our abundance of land gives us a great advantage for competing in world markets.

Speaker C: The natural resources of the United States should be used wisely. We must conserve them for future generations while also using them to serve the people of today.

Speaker D: No man or institution owns the land. It is to be shared by everyone and everything in the best interest of all who depend upon its offerings.

Which speaker best expresses the environmental views of President Theodore Roosevelt?

(1) A (3) C

(2) B (4) D

97. The statement of Speaker D is most like views expressed by

(1) Native American Indians

(2) Western farmers

(3) Railroad companies

(4) European immigrants

98. Following World War I, the United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles primarily because the treaty

(1) Failed to include most of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points

(2) Did not punish Germany for starting the war

(3) Contained provisions that might lead the United States into foreign conflicts

(4) Made no provision for reduction of military weapons

99. During his reelection campaign in 1916, President Woodrow Wilson used the slogan, “He kept us out of war.” In April of 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. What helped bring about this change?

(1) Bolshevik forces increased their strength in Germany and Italy.

(2) Britain was invaded by nations of the Central Powers.

(3) Russia signed a treaty of alliance with the Central Powers.

(4) Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.

100.

[pic]

The headlines in this newspaper are an example of

(1) Yellow journalism (3) muckraking literature

(2) Investigative reporting (4) government censorship

101. Publication of this and similar news stories encouraged Congress to

(1) Declare war on Spain (3) pass antiterrorist legislation

(2) Improve naval safety (4) conduct a criminal investigation

102. “…Whether they will or no, Americans must now begin to look outward. The growing production of the country demands it. An increasing volume of public sentiment demands it…” ~ Alfred T. Mahan, The Atlantic Monthly, December 1890

This statement encouraged popular support among Americans for

(1) Isolationism (3) neutrality

(2) Protectionism (4) imperialism

103. Supporters of Mahan’s ideas most likely favored a foreign policy that would

(1) Limit the military arms race

(2) Acquire foreign markets

(3) Abandon the Monroe Doctrine

(4) Establish an international peace organization

Word Bank: Maine, Dollar Diplomacy, Chinese Exclusion Act, Yellow Journalism, Imperialism, Isolationism, Fourteen Points, Zimmerman Telegram, Open Door Policy, Big Stick, Schenck v. U.S. (1919)

1- The __________ was a statement of principles initiated by the United States (1899, 1900) for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China. While many Western European nations had gained spheres of influence in China, the United States wanted to make certain that it could trade with China. The principle stated that all nations should have equal access to any of the ports open to trade in China.

2- An insurrection against Spanish rule began in Cuba in the early 1890s. The treatment of the rebels by the Spanish seemed intolerable to the United States. After United States protests, Spain made concessions, but the United States press whipped up sentiment against Spain, and with the sinking of the battleship _________ in the harbor of Havana in February 1898, matters reached a crisis. Demand for war seemed to sweep the United States and President McKinley in April 1898 asked Congress for permission to use “forcible intervention” in Cuba.

3- The Spanish-American War lasted eight months. United States naval superiority had been assured when the country began building a steel fleet in the 1880s. The United States won the war, and in the process occupied Wake Island and annexed Hawaii, both of which provided good harbors for fleet. The Treaty that ended the war stated that Spain would free Cuba and cede Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States. Spain also agreed to cede the Philippines to the United States in return for $20 million. The outcome of the war led to U.S. ___________.

4- ____________ is the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the World and the Journal. The Spanish-American War is often referred to as the first “media war.” During the 1890s, journalism that sensationalized – and sometimes even manufactured – dramatic events was a powerful force that helped propel the United States into war with Spain.

5- In the late 1800s, the first acts restricting immigration were passed. The ___________ (1882) was passed to pacify anti-Chinese feelings in California against the flood of Chinese workers: all Chinese immigration was banned. In the Gentleman’s Agreement (1907), the Japanese government promised to limit future Japanese immigration. Restrictions on immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe were introduced in the 1920s.

6- Theodore Roosevelt cited his fondness for a West African proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” The phrase was also used later by Roosevelt to explain his relations with domestic political leaders and his foreign policy especially in Latin America and the Caribbean. Roosevelt’s _________ Policy asserted U.S. domination when such dominance was considered the moral imperative.

7- President Taft’s policy of encouraging economic development in Central America and also in Asia has been called ___________. As United States investments grew in the Americas, any threat to them would bring in the United States Marines to protect business interests.

8- The United States became involved in the First World War due to several factors. Americans were shocked at the German invasion of neutral Belgium. Americans were also shocked when the ___________, a secret message from a high German official promised to return territories to Mexico if Mexico helped Germany against the United States. American public opinion was outraged when the telegram was printed in the newspapers. However, the main reason for American entry into World War I was unrestricted German submarine warfare. In 1915, a German submarine sank the British passenger ship Lusitania, killing over 1,000 passengers, including 128 Americans.

9- During the war, civil liberties were curtailed. In ___________, the Supreme Court upheld restrictions on freedom of speech if such speech caused a “clear and present danger” to the nation. In June 1917, shortly after U.S. entry into World War I, Congress passed the Espionage Act, which made it illegal during wartime to interfere with the recruiting of troops or the disclosure of information dealing with national defense.

10- President Wilson’s opponents believed the League of Nations might drag Americans into unnecessary warfare overseas. Although Wilson needed the Senate to ratify the Versailles Treaty, he rejected any compromises proposed by the Senators. Wilson failed to gauge the feelings of most Americans, who were disillusioned with involvement in world affairs. The Senate rejected the treaty, and the United States never joined the League of Nations. This move marked a return to a policy of __________ – refusing to become involved in other countries’ conflicts.

11- American troops broke the deadlock in Europe, causing Germany to enter into an armistice (an agreement to stop fighting) in 1918. U.S. President Wilson had already announced America’s war aims in the ___________ – calling for freedom of the seas, reduced armaments, and an end to secret diplomacy as well as self-determination or governments determined by the people of the land.

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