MR. GOALEN'S CLASS



Imperialism – Related Events

← Sepoy Rebellion 1857

◦ Who were the Sepoy? – In India, Britain paid, trained, and armed Indian people to work for and protect the British trading posts in India

◦ The Sepoy was the main fighting force that the British had in India, even though they weren’t British

◦ Sepoy Rebellion - Parts of Sepoy religion

◦ The Sepoy were almost all either Hindu or Muslim

◦ Hindus believe that cows are sacred, they should never be killed or eaten

◦ Muslims believe that pigs are forbidden to eat

◦ In 1835, these soldiers were given a new rifle to use called the Enfield Rifle. This rifle was very accurate and advanced for its time

← Sepoy Rebellion - How did this cause Rebellion?

◦ But there was one major problem – FAT

◦ Bullet casings greased with Cow or Pig Fat

← Rebellion! The Sepoy rebelled against the British

◦ Sepoy were crushed. This was good and bad for the Indians: It led to more intense, direct British control. But it also led to Indian people thinking of themselves for the first time, as an India united for the same cause (Nationalism)

← Opium War– Who was Involved?

◦ Before the 1800’s, China was possibly the strongest empire in the world. They refused to accept most trade with Europe because they felt like they didn’t need it.

◦ As Britain industrialized, they needed so much wealth to support their advance that they started growing Opium in India (colony) and selling it in China during the Qing Dynasty illegally.

← Opium War – How did it Happen

◦ The Chinese tried to prevent illegal drug trade in their country

◦ The British felt threatened by this, they did not want to lose out on the massive wealth they were getting

◦ In 1839 the British sent advanced gunboats, artillery, and well trained riflemen to China – Start of the Opium War

◦ The Chinese were horribly obsolete (out of date), and were quickly forced to give Britain whatever they wanted.

← Opium War - Results

◦ Britain got 21 million ounces of silver, got control of Hong Kong, and could now trade as much as they wanted in China. Britain also got extraterritoriality from China.

◦ China remained bitter about this and refused to accept the benefits of European technology and trade

← Boxer Rebellion – Who was Involved?

◦ 1900 – Britain, the United States and other European powers have decided on their own that China should be open to all outsiders for trade and travel.

◦ Although this made Europeans happy, many people in China detested the ever-increasing invasion into their land.

← Boxer Rebellion – How did it Start?

◦ A secret group known as the “Harmonious Fists” were known for their exercise through shadow boxing – boxing without an actual opponent. They believed their swift movements learned in this training would prevent bullets from hitting them

◦ They were especially upset at the intrusion of foreigners into China. Their motto was “Destroy the foreigners.”

◦ The Boxers would travel through the countryside, murdering any Europeans that they encountered. This was given the name Boxer Rebellion.

← Boxer Rebellion - Results

◦ Obviously, this concerned the European and US governments.

◦ 20,000+ troops made up of British, French, German, Russian, American and Japanese armies swiftly entered China under the Qing and destroyed ended the slaughter.

◦ Payments for the troubles caused were forced upon China. In 1911, 11 years later, this and other issues would cause the Qing Dynasty to fall.

◦ China and European Influence by 1914

← Meiji Reforms – Who was Involved?

◦ From the 1600’s to the 1800’s, Japan was controlled by the Tokugawa Shogunate. Just like China, they distrusted and disliked foreigners.

◦ Just like in China, Europe and the United States wanted more access to trade in Japan.

◦ The United States was the country that ended up being successful in coming to an “arrangement” with Japan.

← Meiji Restoration - What was it?

◦ 1853 – USA sends four powerful warships to Japan to “encourage” them to be more open to the rest of the world – both in trade and in travel.

◦ More advanced warships returned that same year, “convincing” Japan to sign a treaty that would allow opening of trade, return of any sailors shipwrecked safely, and permanent residency for a small group of Americans in Japan

◦ This treaty was called the Treaty of Kanagawa

◦ Unlike the Chinese who totally resisted European influence, the Japanese embraced change, realizing that if they did not, they would only become weaker.

← Meiji Reforms - Results

◦ EVERYTHING in Japan changed

◦ Modeled government after US gov’t – voting, 3 branches of government

◦ Rapidly industrialized – railroads, factories, shipbuilding

◦ Acceptance of modern weapons and modern military strategy

◦ Change to American model of education – elementary and secondary schools, and universities

◦ More rights for women

◦ Japan made so many changes, so quickly, that they actually became an Imperial Nation themselves. They went on invade and take land from Russia, symbolizing their new power

← So where is this going to connect next in History?

◦ Countries that were imperialized (Africa, India, etc.) experienced loss and feelings of inferiority

◦ Imperial Powers experienced feelings of competition and great PRIDE in their countries – Nationalism!

◦ An example of Nationalism

- Germany

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