MR. GOALEN'S CLASS
Imperialism – Related Events
← Sepoy Rebellion 1857
◦ Who were the Sepoy? – In India, Britain paid, trained, and armed Indian people to work for and protect the British trading posts in India
◦ The Sepoy was the main fighting force that the British had in India, even though they weren’t British
◦ Sepoy Rebellion - Parts of Sepoy religion
◦ The Sepoy were almost all either Hindu or Muslim
◦ Hindus believe that cows are sacred, they should never be killed or eaten
◦ Muslims believe that pigs are forbidden to eat
◦ In 1835, these soldiers were given a new rifle to use called the Enfield Rifle. This rifle was very accurate and advanced for its time
← Sepoy Rebellion - How did this cause Rebellion?
◦ But there was one major problem – FAT
◦ Bullet casings greased with Cow or Pig Fat
← Rebellion! The Sepoy rebelled against the British
◦ Sepoy were crushed. This was good and bad for the Indians: It led to more intense, direct British control. But it also led to Indian people thinking of themselves for the first time, as an India united for the same cause (Nationalism)
← Opium War– Who was Involved?
◦ Before the 1800’s, China was possibly the strongest empire in the world. They refused to accept most trade with Europe because they felt like they didn’t need it.
◦ As Britain industrialized, they needed so much wealth to support their advance that they started growing Opium in India (colony) and selling it in China during the Qing Dynasty illegally.
← Opium War – How did it Happen
◦ The Chinese tried to prevent illegal drug trade in their country
◦ The British felt threatened by this, they did not want to lose out on the massive wealth they were getting
◦ In 1839 the British sent advanced gunboats, artillery, and well trained riflemen to China – Start of the Opium War
◦ The Chinese were horribly obsolete (out of date), and were quickly forced to give Britain whatever they wanted.
← Opium War - Results
◦ Britain got 21 million ounces of silver, got control of Hong Kong, and could now trade as much as they wanted in China. Britain also got extraterritoriality from China.
◦ China remained bitter about this and refused to accept the benefits of European technology and trade
← Boxer Rebellion – Who was Involved?
◦ 1900 – Britain, the United States and other European powers have decided on their own that China should be open to all outsiders for trade and travel.
◦ Although this made Europeans happy, many people in China detested the ever-increasing invasion into their land.
← Boxer Rebellion – How did it Start?
◦ A secret group known as the “Harmonious Fists” were known for their exercise through shadow boxing – boxing without an actual opponent. They believed their swift movements learned in this training would prevent bullets from hitting them
◦ They were especially upset at the intrusion of foreigners into China. Their motto was “Destroy the foreigners.”
◦ The Boxers would travel through the countryside, murdering any Europeans that they encountered. This was given the name Boxer Rebellion.
← Boxer Rebellion - Results
◦ Obviously, this concerned the European and US governments.
◦ 20,000+ troops made up of British, French, German, Russian, American and Japanese armies swiftly entered China under the Qing and destroyed ended the slaughter.
◦ Payments for the troubles caused were forced upon China. In 1911, 11 years later, this and other issues would cause the Qing Dynasty to fall.
◦ China and European Influence by 1914
← Meiji Reforms – Who was Involved?
◦ From the 1600’s to the 1800’s, Japan was controlled by the Tokugawa Shogunate. Just like China, they distrusted and disliked foreigners.
◦ Just like in China, Europe and the United States wanted more access to trade in Japan.
◦ The United States was the country that ended up being successful in coming to an “arrangement” with Japan.
← Meiji Restoration - What was it?
◦ 1853 – USA sends four powerful warships to Japan to “encourage” them to be more open to the rest of the world – both in trade and in travel.
◦ More advanced warships returned that same year, “convincing” Japan to sign a treaty that would allow opening of trade, return of any sailors shipwrecked safely, and permanent residency for a small group of Americans in Japan
◦ This treaty was called the Treaty of Kanagawa
◦ Unlike the Chinese who totally resisted European influence, the Japanese embraced change, realizing that if they did not, they would only become weaker.
← Meiji Reforms - Results
◦ EVERYTHING in Japan changed
◦ Modeled government after US gov’t – voting, 3 branches of government
◦ Rapidly industrialized – railroads, factories, shipbuilding
◦ Acceptance of modern weapons and modern military strategy
◦ Change to American model of education – elementary and secondary schools, and universities
◦ More rights for women
◦ Japan made so many changes, so quickly, that they actually became an Imperial Nation themselves. They went on invade and take land from Russia, symbolizing their new power
← So where is this going to connect next in History?
◦ Countries that were imperialized (Africa, India, etc.) experienced loss and feelings of inferiority
◦ Imperial Powers experienced feelings of competition and great PRIDE in their countries – Nationalism!
◦ An example of Nationalism
- Germany
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