Creating the Crosswalk between the DCA and Policy Agendas …



Dynamics of Collective Action, 1960-1995Procedures for Mapping a Policy Agenda Project Code Onto Each Protest Event from DACFebruary 25, 2010Candy Ku, Pat Rafail & Dan WangIntroductionThe “crosswalk” generated claims codes for the Dynamics of Collective Action (DCA) data that are comparable with Baumgartner and Jones’ Policy Agendas Project (PAP) topic codes, which is called AGENDA_CODE in the dataset. Two major procedures were used: first, the majority of the cases were recoded based on a similar substantive topic grouping for both the DCA and PAP. Second, a total of 3,294 cases were examined individually and given appropriate PAP codes. These cases either had DCA values 1350 (Not In My Backyard), 1400 (Other Claims), and 1713 (Historical Grievances, Anti-Land Seizures), or had impossible values due to minor errors in data entry. Please note: only CLAIM1 was used in the crosswalk procedure. Some events do not have PAP codes that are compatible with their claim (CLAIM1). For these events, the PAP code of 99 (“Other, Miscellaneous, and Human Interest”) was assigned. DCA claims codes (CLAIM1) for these events tend to also be 1350, 1400, and 1713 (See Table A2 for some examples of these events). Users should also bear in mind that the PAP codes do not always align perfectly with the DCA codes. A prime example is the DCA code of 2517 (“Racial/Ethnic Conflicts, Riots, Melees, Confrontations”), which has the PAP code of 201 (“Racial Discrimination”). Another prime example is the DCA code of 2503 (“Anti-Semitism”), which has the PAP code of 207 (“Freedom of Speech and Religion”). Other examples have implications on the scope of analysis: for instance, for events with the DCA code of 711 (“Anti-Vietnam War”) with the PAP code of 1619 (“Direct war-related issues”), the DCA code is arguably more specific than the PAP code. And, there are examples that have implications for the level of analysis. For example, many local events in the DCA database do not, by definition, have a PAP code, which tend to be more federally derived (see Table A2 below for concrete examples). Thus, users should consult the complete list of DCA and PAP codes (see Table A1 below) and consider the codes that best match their research needs when working with the data. It is important to note that only the ‘CLAIM1’ variable in the DCA was used to construct the crosswalk. A full listing of the PAP codes we used is available at: (accessed 11/02/2009). Generating the Crosswalk in DetailTo construct the claim-based recoding, two research assistants involved with the Policy Agendas project independently created a list of plausible values using the full listing of the DCA CLAIM1 values as a baseline. Upon completion, the results were compared, and any disagreements were discussed until a consensus emerged. During this process, it became apparent that certain claims codes (i.e., 1350, 1400, and 1713) could not be reliably coded using the CLAIM1 values alone. These were added to a list of cases that had either impossible or missing values for CLAIM1. A complete listing of the DCA codes and the corresponding PAP values is appended as Table A1.For the cases that were examined individually, a group of research assistants on the PAP project developed two central steps to assure comparability. First, the original article for each event was located in the New York Times Historical Archive and read in its entirety. Second, codes from the PAP were selected that corresponded to the values in the claims-based recoding. Any particularly difficult cases were sent to a senior research assistant on the PAP for final review. Table A1: Crosswalk between the Dynamics of Collective Action and Policy Agendas Project codes DCA CodeCLAIM1CLAIM1 DescriptionPAP CodeAGENDA_CODEPolicy Agendas Code Description200Anti-Nuclear (Power) Movement801Nuclear energy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission300Anti-Immigrant, Anti-Foreigner, Anti-Asylum Movement530Immigration and Refugee issues400Small or Family Farmers or Organic Movement (Not Farmworkers)499Agricultural/other500Anti-“Transnational Union” Movements504Employee Relations and Labor Unions501Anti-NAFTA1802Trade negotiations, disputes, agreements502Anti-UN1926IOs other than finance503Anti-NATO1602U.S. and Other Defense Alliances, U.S Security Assistance600Women's Civil Rights, general202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination603Federal/state funding for women’s initiatives202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination604Anti-Violence against women202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination606Equal Pay/Comparable worth202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination607Gender quotas/Affirmative Action202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination608Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination609More positive media depictions, more202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination610Anti-Discrimination in Employment201Ethnic and minority discrimination611Equality in Education600Education/combination700Peace, pacifism, general1619Manpower, military personnel, and dependents702Disarmament, general1605Arms Control and Nuclear nonproliferation703Anti-Atomic testing1605Arms Control and Nuclear nonproliferation704Anti-Atomic weapons (construction, purchase, distribution, storage)1605Arms Control and Nuclear nonproliferation705Anti-Biological/chemical weapons 1605Arms Control and Nuclear nonproliferation708Anti-Afghanistan War1619Direct war-related issues709Anti-Gulf War1619Direct war-related issues710Anti-Yugoslavia War1619Direct war-related issues711Anti-Vietnam War1619Direct war-related issues712Anti-Military maneuvers1614713Anti-Military infrastructure 1611Military installations, construction, Land transfers721Anti-Export of conventional weapons1605Arms Control and Nuclear nonproliferationDCA CodeCLAIM1CLAIM1 DescriptionPAP CodeAGENDA_CODEPolicy Agendas Code Description722Anti-Conventional weapons (construction, purchase, distribution, storage)1209Police, fire, and weapons Control723Anti-Draft1619Manpower, military personnel, and dependents726Anti-Korean War1619Direct war-related issues727Anti-US Military Involvement in Cuba1914Latin America728Anti-ROTC, Military/CIA recruitment1619Manpower, military personnel, and dependents729Anti- US Involvement in non-US Wars1619Direct war-related issues740Pro- Retrieving or Recovering POW/MIAs1619Manpower, military personnel, and dependents741Anti-US Involvement in Central Amer.1914Latin America1000International Human and Civil Rights/Democratization1925Human rights1006Anti-Apartheid/Pro-University or Corporate Divestment1912Ethnic and minority discrimination1100Environment, general700Environment/general1103Soil protection711Land and water conservation1106Landscape protection (plants, trees)709species and forest protection1107Reducing noise pollution705Air pollution, global warming, noise pollution1108Air quality protection705Air pollution, global warming, noise pollution1109Anti-Current Method of Solid Waste disposal703Waste disposal1110Limiting waste/recycle707Recycling1111Restriction of Pharmaceutical/chemicals704Hazardous waste and Toxic Chemical Regulation, Treatment, and disposal1113Water quality protection701Drinking water safety1114Rainforest Preservation709species and forest protection1115Ozone Protection to prevent Global Warming, etc.705Air pollution, global warming, noise pollution1116Zero Population Growth, as environmental issue799Environment - Other1300Miscellaneous Social Issues1300Social welfare/general1302Legalization of Illegal Substances1203Illegal Drug Production, Trafficking, and Control1305Increasing prices, general101Inflation, Prices, and Interest Rates1306Tax Increases107Taxation, tax policy, tax reform1311Plight of Homeless1409Housing assistance for homeless and homeless issues1318Tenants' Rights Movement1401Housing and Community Development1323Social Security Benefits1303Poverty and assistance for low-income familiesDCA CodeCLAIM1CLAIM1 DescriptionPAP CodeAGENDA_CODEPolicy Agendas Code Description1324Medicaid/Medicare Benefits301Comprehensive healthcare reform1325AFDC/ADC (“Welfare”) or Unemployment Benefits1302Employee benefits1326Drug Control1203Illegal Drug Production, Trafficking, and Control1327Gun Control1209Police, fire, and weapons Control1328Drunk Driving342Alcohol Abuse and Treatment1329Healthy Nutrition/School Lunches1301Food stamps and nutrition monitoring programs1330Consumer Protection1525Consumer safety and consumer fraud1331Housing Issues Other1400Community Development and Housing Issues/General1333Poverty/hunger, general1302Poverty and assistance for low-income families1334Government surveillance/Prosecution of Protesters209Anti-government activities1335Child abuse, sexual crimes1207child abuse and child pornography1336Political figure2099Government Operations/Other1337Anti-Crime Movement1211Riots and Crime Prevention1338Government policy, n.e.c.2000Government Operations/General1340Freedom of Speech/Assembly207Freedom of speech & religion1341Veteran’s Issues (not incl. POW)1609VA issues1342Education600Education/combination1343Victims’ Rights1211Riots and Crime Prevention1344Prisoners’ Rights1205Prisons1345Death Penalty1210Criminal and Civil code1351Misc. Religious Claims3100Religion/General1352Anti-Pornography207Freedom of speech and religion1353AIDS/HIV Prevention, HIV/AIDS Victims’ Rights331Prevention, communicable diseases & health promotion1500African American Civil Rights, general201Ethnic and minority discrimination1501Any Desegregation Claim as applied to African Americans201Ethnic and minority discrimination1502Pro-Voting Rights/Political Power206Voting rights and issues1505Anti-Discrimination in Housing or Employment201Ethnic and minority discrimination1506Affirmative Action, as applied solely to African Americans201Ethnic and minority discrimination1509Black Pride, entrepreneurship, separatist201Ethnic and minority discriminationDCA CodeCLAIM1CLAIM1 DescriptionPAP CodeAGENDA_CODEPolicy Agendas Code Description1517Reduction of Black Poverty1302Poverty and assistance for low-income families1518Anti-Police Brutality/Harassment201Ethnic and minority discrimination1519More positive media depictions201Ethnic and minority discrimination1520Anti- Environmental Racism 201Ethnic and minority discrimination1600Gay and Lesbian Rights, general202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination1602Gay rights (males)202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination1603Lesbian rights (female)202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination1604Pro-Cohabitation/Domestic Partners 202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination1605Pro-Same Sex Marriage202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination1606Anti-Discrimination in Housing or Employment202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination1608Increased Funding for AIDS/HIV Research331Prevention, communicable diseases, and prevention1609Anti-FDA Bureaucracy which slows down the approval of AIDS Medication331Prevention, communicable diseases, and prevention1610More positive media depictions202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination1611Anti-Police Brutality/Harassment202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination1612Anti-Political Under-representation202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination1700Native Am. Civil Rights, general201Ethnic and minority discrimination1705Anti-Environmental Racism201Ethnic and minority discrimination1708Anti-Police Brutality/Harassment201Ethnic and minority discrimination1709Anti-Discrimination in Housing or Employment201Ethnic and minority discrimination1711More positive media depictions201Ethnic and minority discrimination1712Anti-Political Under-representation201Ethnic and minority discrimination1800Mexican Am. Civil Rights, general201Ethnic and minority discrimination1803Anti-Environmental Racism201Ethnic and minority discrimination1804Pro-Bicultural/Bilingual education602Elementary and Secondary Education1805Anti-Discrimination in Housing or Employment201Ethnic and minority discrimination1807More Positive Media Depictions201Ethnic and minority discrimination1808Anti-Police Brutality/Harassment201Ethnic and minority discrimination1809Anti-Political Under-representation201Ethnic and minority discrimination1810Affirmative Action, as applied to Mexican Americans201Ethnic and minority discriminationDCA CodeCLAIM1CLAIM1 DescriptionPAP CodeAGENDA_CODEPolicy Agendas Code Description1900Asian Am. Civil Rights, general201Ethnic and minority discrimination1902Compensation for WWII Internment of Japanese Americans 201Ethnic and minority discrimination1903Anti-Discrimination in Housing or Employment201Ethnic and minority discrimination1907Anti-Environmental Racism201Ethnic and minority discrimination1908More Positive Media Depictions, more 201Ethnic and minority discrimination1912Anti-Police Brutality/Harassment201Ethnic and minority discrimination2000Pan Latino Civil Rights, general201Ethnic and minority discrimination2001Pro-Bicultural/Bilingual education602Elementary and Secondary Education2002Anti-Environmental Racism201Ethnic and minority discrimination2003More Positive Media Depictions201Ethnic and minority discrimination2004Anti-Discrimination in Housing or Employment201Ethnic and minority discrimination2006Anti-Police Brutality/Harassment201Ethnic and minority discrimination2007Affirmative Action, as applied to all or several Latino groups201Ethnic and minority discrimination2020Anti-Castro/Cuba1914Latin America2021Puerto Rican Nationalism2105U.S. Dependencies and Territorial Issues2022Other movement on behalf of non-Latino group201Ethnic and minority discrimination2100Disabled Civil Rights, general205Handicap or disease discrimination2101Access for Disabled 205Handicap or disease discrimination2102Anti-Discrimination in Housing or Employment or Schools205Handicap or disease discrimination2104More Positive Media Depictions, more depictions, fewer negative depictions205Handicap or disease discrimination2105Provision of more humane medical treatment for disabled334Long-term care, home health, terminally ill, and rehabilitation services2106Increase funding for disabled programs, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, etc.334Long-term care, home health, terminally ill,and rehabilitation services2200Civil Rights--Farm Workers/Migrant 603Migrant and Seasonal workers, Farm Labor issues2300Civil Rights -- Undifferentiated Minority Group201Ethnic and minority discrimination2400 Abortion208Right to privacyDCA CodeCLAIM1CLAIM1 DescriptionPAP CodeAGENDA_CODEPolicy Agendas Code Description2500Anti-Ethnic Attacks/Hate or Bias Crimes201Ethnic and minority discrimination2502White Supremacy, generally201Ethnic and minority discrimination2503Anti-Semitism207Freedom of speech & religion2504Anti-Black201Ethnic and minority discrimination2505Anti-Latino201Ethnic and minority discrimination2506Anti-Native American201Ethnic and minority discrimination2508Anti-Asian201Ethnic and minority discrimination2517Racial/Ethnic Conflicts, Riots, Melees, Confrontations201Ethnic and minority discrimination2525Anti-Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual202Gender and sexual orientation discrimination2600Animal Rights709species and forest protection2900Civil Rights - Senior Citizens204Age discriminationNote: Dynamics of Collective Action codes are based on ‘CLAIM1’ values. A remaining 3,294 cases were examined and coded individually.Table A2. Some examples of events with PAP codes of 99.DCA CLAIM1 codeEvent’s article titleBrief Description of the Event13503-town garbage plan draws protestsProtest against a waste disposal plant constructionResidents Block Brooklyn RoadsProtest against traffic due to new shopping centerSuit Lost by West Siders to Close HotelSuit against hotel claimed to be used by prostitutesJersey Site is Chosen after 400 Mountaineers RiotComplaints about a strange camp in the mountainsViolence Breaks Up Meeting to DiscussResidents angry at promoters of a music festival140014 are Arrested in Princeton RiotStudents rioted; no reason given.Brown to Discipline StudentsMass student demonstration; no reason given.4000 Teenagers Brawl at ConeyYouth riot; no reason given.Police Break Up Sit-In on CoastStudent protest at SFSU; no reason given.Passengers Sit In As SubwayCommuters refused to leave train; no reason given.1713Indian Hunting Rights Ignite a WisconsinDispute over right to hunt and fish in the region95 ‘Star Wars’ Protesters ChargedProtesters against program seen as step towards third world war ................
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