ES6 - Tutorialspoint

ES6

ES6

About the Tutorial

European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMAScript) or (ES) is a standard for

scripting languages like JavaScript, ActionScript and JScript. It was initially created to

standardize JavaScript, which is the most popular implementation of ECMAScript. This

tutorial adopts a simple and practical approach through JavaScript to describe the new

features in ECMAScript 2015 (ES6), ECMAScript 2016 (ES7), ECMAScript 2017(ES8) and

ECMAScript 2018 (ES9).

Audience

This tutorial is designed for the stemplate oftware programmers who have already worked

with JavaScript and wishes to gain in-depth knowledge about the ECMAScript. The tutorial

will give you enough understanding on the functionalities of ECMAScript and also about

ES6, ES7, ES8 and ES9.

Prerequisites

An understanding of JavaScript programming concepts is necessary to gain maximum

knowledge from this tutorial.

Disclaimer & Copyright

? Copyright 2019 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.

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in this tutorial, please notify us at contact@.

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Table of Contents

About the Tutorial ....................................................................................................................................i

Audience ..................................................................................................................................................i

Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................................i

Disclaimer & Copyright.............................................................................................................................i

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... ii

1.

ES6 ? OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 1

JavaScript ................................................................................................................................................1

ECMAScript Versions ...............................................................................................................................1

2.

ES6 ? ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................... 3

Local Environment Setup.........................................................................................................................3

Installation on Windows .........................................................................................................................3

Installation on Mac OS X .........................................................................................................................4

Installation on Linux ................................................................................................................................5

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Support ..............................................................................5

Visual Studio Code ..................................................................................................................................5

Brackets ..................................................................................................................................................8

3.

ES6 ? SYNTAX .................................................................................................................... 11

Whitespace and Line Breaks .................................................................................................................. 12

Comments in JavaScript ........................................................................................................................ 12

Your First JavaScript Code ..................................................................................................................... 13

Executing the Code................................................................................................................................ 13

Node.js and JS/ES6 ................................................................................................................................ 14

The Strict Mode..................................................................................................................................... 14

ES6 and Hoisting.................................................................................................................................... 15

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4.

ES6 ? VARIABLES ............................................................................................................... 16

Type Syntax ........................................................................................................................................... 16

JavaScript and Dynamic Typing ............................................................................................................. 17

JavaScriptVariable Scope ....................................................................................................................... 17

The Let and Block Scope ........................................................................................................................ 18

let and block level safety ....................................................................................................................... 19

let and multiple blocks .......................................................................................................................... 19

The const............................................................................................................................................... 20

Constants are Immutable ...................................................................................................................... 21

const and arrays .................................................................................................................................... 21

The var keyword ................................................................................................................................... 22

var and hoisting .................................................................................................................................... 22

var and block scope ............................................................................................................................... 23

var and block level safety ...................................................................................................................... 23

5.

ES6 ? OPERATORS ............................................................................................................. 25

Arithmetic Operators ............................................................................................................................ 25

Relational Operators ............................................................................................................................. 27

Logical Operators .................................................................................................................................. 28

Bitwise Operators ................................................................................................................................. 29

Assignment Operators........................................................................................................................... 31

Miscellaneous Operators ...................................................................................................................... 32

6.

ES6 ? DECISION MAKING ................................................................................................... 37

The if Statement.................................................................................................................................... 37

The if¡­else Statement........................................................................................................................... 39

The else¡­if Ladder ................................................................................................................................ 40

The switch¡­case Statement .................................................................................................................. 41

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7.

ES6 ? LOOPS ...................................................................................................................... 45

Definite Loop......................................................................................................................................... 45

Indefinite Loop ...................................................................................................................................... 48

The Loop Control Statements ................................................................................................................ 51

Using Labels to Control the Flow ........................................................................................................... 52

8.

ES6 ? FUNCTIONS .............................................................................................................. 55

Classification of Functions ..................................................................................................................... 55

Rest Parameters .................................................................................................................................... 60

Anonymous Function ............................................................................................................................ 60

The Function Constructor ...................................................................................................................... 61

Recursion and JavaScript Functions ....................................................................................................... 62

Lambda Functions ................................................................................................................................. 63

Function Expression and Function Declaration ...................................................................................... 64

Function Hoisting .................................................................................................................................. 65

Immediately Invoked Function Expression ............................................................................................ 65

Generator Functions ............................................................................................................................. 67

Arrow Functions .................................................................................................................................... 68

Arrow Function Syntax .......................................................................................................................... 69

Array.prototype.map() and arrow function ........................................................................................... 71

Arrow function and ¡°this¡± ..................................................................................................................... 72

9.

ES6 ? EVENTS .................................................................................................................... 74

Event Handlers ...................................................................................................................................... 74

onclick Event Type................................................................................................................................. 74

onsubmitEvent Type ............................................................................................................................. 75

onmouseover and onmouseout ............................................................................................................ 76

HTML 5 Standard Events ....................................................................................................................... 76

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