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Lesson Two Fighting for Equality

SS8H11 The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rights movement.

b. Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s; include such events as the founding of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Sibley Commission, admission of Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to the University of Georgia, Albany Movement, March on Washington, Civil Rights Act, the election of Maynard Jackson as mayor of Atlanta, and the role of Lester Maddox.

Essential Questions:

1. Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s.

2. Describe the events that led up to the passing of the Civil Rights and Voting Acts.

3. Rationalize and defend the effectiveness of the March on Washington.

Individual Highlights:

Inside Story 2

Inside Story 3

Inside Story 4

Inside Story 5

Inside Story 6

Inside Story 7

Last Story 8

Special Interest Articles:

❖ Briefly highlight your point of interest here.

❖ Briefly highlight your point of interest here.

❖ Briefly highlight your point of interest here.

❖

August 20, 1955

Emmett Till

Brown vs. Board of Education will set off a whirlwind movement that will fight for every aspect of equality and fair civil rights.

Outcomes:

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________

The tide of outrage at the acquittal swept across America.

People realized that race relations had declined to such a low level, that even children were no longer safe from racist violence. For years, the NAACP had hosted training meetings and discussion groups to find ways to overcome Jim Crow laws, challenged segregation in the courts, and campaigned vigorously against lynching; but the murder of Emmett Till and the release of his killers made it clear that something had to happen.

Emmett Till

Not even our children are free of persecution.

• On August 20, 1955, Emmett Till, a 14 year-old, African-American boy from Chicago, left his home to visit relatives in Money, Mississippi, a tiny cotton gin town on the eastern edge of the Mississippi Delta.

• His dead body would return to Chicago in a coffin less than two weeks later as an example of an active clan that had no reserve even for children.

On Wednesday night of August 24th, Emmett, his cousins, and some local kids were hanging out on the front porch of Bryant's Grocery and Meat Market, playing checkers, listening to music, and telling stories. While talking about life up North, Emmett showed off some photographs and joked that a white girl in one picture was his girlfriend. One of the boys in the group laughed and said, "There's a pretty little white woman in there in the store. Since you Chicago cats know so much about white girls, let's see you go in there and get a date with her."

The boy's challenge stunned the southern kids, because they knew the dangers of a black male talking to a white woman. Asking a white woman on a date was unthinkable! Emmett had no comprehension of the severe penalties inflicted on blacks who broke Jim Crow laws in the South, and he walked into the store while the kids outside crowded against the windows to see what would happen. When he left the store a few minutes later, witnesses reported that Emmett turned, said "Bye, baby," and whistled the two-note 'wolf whistle' at the white woman who worked behind the counter. That night Emmitt was taken from his uncle’s house and brutally murdered. His mother heard the news and demand his body be returned to Chicago. His body was placed in a glass coffin and put on display for Americans to see the power and injustice of those who wanted to remain segregated.

The Civil Rights movement was not about a few isolated events that occurred where African Americans were discriminated against, it was about many events that final fused together to ignite change.

The murder of Emmett Till was the first media event of the Civil Rights Movement. It demonstrated the horrors of racism in an event circulated throughout America and around the world. African Americans clearly understood that ALL African Americans were under attack, that no African-American was safe. The murder of Emmett Louis Till was to African Americans what the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was to Americans in December 1941

“People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired, but that isn't true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. I was forty-two. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.” -Rosa Parks Autobiography

December 1, 1955

Rosa Parks

• During The American Civil Rights Movement many different and unique leaders and groups came to power.

• Some preached violence, some preached peace, some preached protest and some preached resilience.

• Today we celebrate the leaders struggles because it was there work that got us to the point we are at today.

• On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a White man on a bus.

• Parks was arrested and charged with the violation of a segregation law in The Montgomery City Code.

• 50 African American leaders in the community met to discuss what to do about Rosa’s arrest.

Regardless of how African American leaders began to protest against discrimination, every leader had one thing in common they all wanted freedom and they all wanted equality for their race.

Benjamin Mays

• Benjamin Mays was the president of ________________ ___________ from 1940 until his retirement in 1967.

• He was also a significant ______________ to civil rights leader ____________________________. and was among the most articulate and outspoken critics of __________________ before the rise of the modern civil rights movement in the United States.

• Mays also filled a leadership role in several significant national and international organizations, among them the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

In ___________ he became involved in The ___________________. The Boycott was the start to his incredible career as the most famous leader of the Civil Rights movement. He went on to deliver numerous powerful speeches promoting peace and desegregation. During The March On Washington he delivered one of the most famous speeches of 20th century titled, “I Have A Dream” Before he was assassinated in 1968, he won the Nobel Peace Prize.

Martin Luther King Jr.

In 1957 King helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).

A group that used the authority and power of ______________ ________________ to organize _______-_________________ protest to support the Civil Rights Movement. King believed in the philosophy used by Gandhi in India known as _____________________________. He applied this philosophy to protest organized by the SCLC. The civil disobedience led to ______________ ________________ of the daily inequities suffered by Southern Blacks. The___________________ segregation __________________ led to mass public sympathy. The Civil Rights Movement became the most important political topic during the early 60’s.

Quick Facts

• Born in ___________ ______________.

• Graduated __________________ College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology.

• Later, at Boston University, King received a Ph.D. in systematic theology.

• In 1953, at the age of 26, King became pastor at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery Alabama.

• His start as a Civil Rights leader came during the _____________________ __________ ____________________.

Andrew Young

• Inspired by Martin Luther King, Jr., Andrew Young passionately engaged in the historic civil rights campaigns in ____________, ______________ and ________________ as well as the _______ ___________ March on Washington. 

• Young quickly perfected his diplomatic skills, becoming instrumental in organizing ________ ______________ and _________________ campaigns across the South. 

• He developed close relationship with Martin Luther King and rose to _____________ ___________ of the Atlanta-based Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). 

• His memoirs describing the Civil Rights Movement are among the most powerful and inspiring insider accounts of this time in the U.S. history. 

• President John F. Kennedy wrote and introduced two pieces of legislation that would forever change America.

• He advocated for desegregation and spoke out against racial inequality.

1. ___________________ of 1964

▪ In January of 1963, the Civil Rights Bill advocated legislation that would protect basic rights and liberties of African American citizens. It also stated that segregation of public facilities was illegal.

2. __________________ of 1965

▪ The Voting Rights Act would Abolished the literacy test and help more than 1 million African Americans register to vote.

The Civil Rights legislation originated with President John F. Kennedy. During his 1960 campaign for president, he promised new civil rights legislation while gathering 70% of the African American vote.

Civil Rights Act

• Stated that ____________________ in public facilities was ___________________.

• What was the effect of the March on Washington? _____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

• The Civil Rights legislation originated with President ______________________. During his 1960 campaign for president, he promised new __________________________ while gathering _____% of the African American vote. 

In January of ________, the Civil Rights Bill advocated legislation that would _____________ basic _______________ and _______________ of African American citizens.  

This address became a convincing defense of ___________ _____________ and ____________ ____________. One month before it passed John F. Kennedy was shot and killed. Vice-President _______________ will sign the Civil Rights Act into law granting all African Americans ____________ rights.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 put an official end to many forms of discrimination, but it did not stop its practice.

Voting Act Quickly Follows

The Voting Act: ____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Rationalize and defend the effectiveness of the March on Washington.

Write a 53 word statement that defends the effectiveness of the March on Washington.

Begin with: “In my opinion, the March on Washington was effective because…

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