The TRANSITION from ADOLESCENCE to ADULTHOOD



The TRANSITION from ADOLESCENCE to ADULTHOOD

WHAT it is like in CANADA TODAY – TRENDS & STATISTICS – The Task

Expectations of Teenagers in 2001

Look at the chart on page 62 FIGURE 3-3. Reproduce it on a large scale so that it can be shared with the class. Be prepared to describe and explain the chart to the rest of us. You can condense it a bit or pick and chose things that you think are the most significant such as the highs and lows. Talk about gender differences… are there any and if so what are they? Would any of these answer rates differ today? Which ones?

Life Transitions for Emerging Adults in 2009

Look at the graph on page 63 FIGURE 3-4. Identify who is being depicted by the different bars in the bar graph. Reproduce this graph on a large scale to share with the class. Describe and explain what is being shown here. What tasks are accomplished earliest? Which are complete before leaving home? Why don’t all the tasks happen at the same time? Draw conclusions about the trends or patterns that are emerging.

Percentage of Young Men and Women Attending School 1921-1991

Look at the chart on page 69 FIGURE 3-11. Reproduce it on a larger scale so that it can be shared with the class. Be prepared to explain what is being shown here. Identify any patterns or trends that seem to be emerging. When do you think school leaving ages was raised to 16? When was post-secondary school expanded? Compare and contrast what is happening based on gender and over time.

Percentage of Population 25 to 64 w Post-Secondary Education 2009

Look at the chart or graph on page 75 FIGURE 3-15. Reproduce it on a larger scale so that it can be shared with the class. Be prepared to explain what is being shown here. Identify any patterns or trends that seem to be emerging. Compare and contrast how we are doing compared to the United States and European countries. What gender differences if any do you notice? How do you think we will do in 2016?

Unemployment and Education 1990 – 2007

Look at the chart or graph on page 77 FIGURE 3-16. Reproduce it on a larger scale so that it can be shared with the class. Be prepared to explain what is being shown here. Identify any patterns or trends that seem to be emerging. When were the highest rates of unemployment? Which groups are seeing the highest rates of unemployment? Which seems the most stable? When rates of unemployment are highest, what do you notice? Which groups are seeing theirs declining now. What is the overall picture?

Highest Levels of Education by Demographics 2009

Look at the chart or graph on page 78 FIGURE 3-17. Reproduce it on a larger scale so that it can be shared with the class. Be prepared to explain what is being shown here. Identify any patterns or trends evident. Which group(s) struggle with high school diploma or less being their highest level? Which groups are seeing the highest levels of education? What is the overall picture? What are the possible reasons for the differences?

Average Income by Highest level of Education by Gender 2009

Look at the chart or graph on page 80 FIGURE 3-19. Reproduce it on a larger scale so that it can be shared with the class. Be prepared to explain what is being shown here. Identify any patterns or trends that seem to be emerging for these 26 to 28 year olds. How does the average income for male and female grads compare at each level of education? How does the average income change by education level? How do you think this will look eight years after graduation at each level?

Age Young Adults Left Home 1971 to 2001

Look at the chart or graph on page 85 FIGURE 3-23. Reproduce it on a larger scale so that it can be shared with the class. Be prepared to explain what is being shown here. Identify any patterns or trends. How does the age of leaving differ for males and females? Compare the 1971 figures with 2001 – what do you notice?

Generations Reasons for Leaving Home Depression to Generation Y

Look at the chart or graph on page 86 FIGURE 3-24. Reproduce it on a larger scale so that it can be shared with the class. Be prepared to explain what is being shown here. Identify any patterns or trends. How have the reasons for leaving changed? Do the results mesh with what you know of your parents and grandparents? Your own plans?

The TRANSITION from ADOLESCENCE to ADULTHOOD

WHAT it is like in CANADA TODAY – TRENDS & STATISTICS –Summary

Expectations of Teenagers in 2001

The expectations of teens both male & female seem to be fairly similar regarding future plans (within 1-4% variance for most – except working overtime to get ahead and be involved in community & travel). The stats reflect an optimism and gender similarity that may not have existed in past polls. The vast majority of teens…

• expect to pursue a career (male 93% and female 96%) and 86% expect to get the job they want when they graduate, but only 62% expect to stay in that job.

• 88% plan to get married and stay married for life.

• almost half (males 47% females 43%) expect to at some point stay home and raise their children.

• 96% plan to own their own home, 79% plan to be more comfortable than their parents, yet only 44% expect to work overtime.

Life Transitions for Emerging Adults in 2009

The earliest tasks completed are leaving school and having a full time job across the ages of 18 to 28. The later tasks are being in a relationship and having children – in that order.

• across the ages, having a leaving school and having a full time job rates higher than leaving home.

• fewer than 10% of 18 to 22 year olds have children.

• over 50% of 20 to 28 year olds have left school and have full time jobs.

• 50% are still living at home between 22 and 24.

• this jumps to 75% by 28.

Percentage of Young Men and Women Attending School 1921-1991

| |males attending females attending | males attending females attending |

| |high school high school |post secondary school post secondary school |

|1921 | 23% 27% | 3% 2% |

|1961 | 62% 56% | 12% 5% |

|1991 | 79% 80% | 32% 33% |

More people are getting more education than ever before in Canada. However, more education is needed to get jobs today than was required to get jobs in the past – some say it is needed to compete but not needed to actually do the job.

Percentage of Population 25 to 64 w Post-Secondary Education 2009

The OECD average is 37%. Canada has the top percentage with Post-Secondary education. The differences are striking for 25 to 34 year olds. Americans & Canadians are practically the same for the 45 to 54 years old. The younger generation are outpacing the older generations for every country. Women on average outpace men across the countries.

• 60% female and 48% male Canadians aged 25 to 34 have Post-Secondary education.

• 45% female and 40% male Canadians aged 45 to 54 have Post- Secondary education.

• 43% female and 26% male Americans aged 25 to 34 have Post-Secondary education.

• 40% female and 38% male Americans aged 45 to 54 have Post- Secondary education.

Unemployment and Education 1990 – 2007

The highest rates of unemployment by education are for those who have a high school diploma, followed by certificate or diploma (apprenticeships and college), and then Bachelor Degree (university). This is true for every year except 2003, when Bachelor Degrees surpassed Certificates. We are currently seeing the lowest rates of unemployment across the board.

• 1993 6.5% Bachelor’s Degree, 9.5% Diploma, 11% high school

• 2002 5% Bachelor’s Degree, 6% Diploma, 7.5% high school

• 2007 4% Bachelor’s Degree, 5%, Diploma 2007, 6% high school

Highest Levels of Education by Demographics 2009

The demographic that have the highest levels of education are those who are not Canadian by birth, and visible minorities. The group who has the lowest levels are the First Nations and rural groups.

Immigration policies require the vast majority of immigrants to have professional degrees (excluding a small percentage of refugees and family sponsored individuals). To get ahead as a visible minority in Canada, you may need to have more education than the next person.

Average Income by Highest level of Education by Gender 2009

Across all the levels of education males earn more than females (between 15,000 and 10,000). This gap is the greatest with the least education, and the lowest with university education. This means that the poorest demographic are women with less than high school education (under 28%).

• 38,000 for less than high school,

• 40,000 high school,

• 42,000 college,

• 47,000 other

• 50,000 university

Age Young Adults Left Home 1971 to 2001

Young adults left home at a younger age in 1971 than 2001. Across the ages, women leave earlier than men.

• 1971 80% men and 90% women aged 25 had left home.

• 2001 60% men and 73% women aged 25 have left home.

• 2001 90% men and 96% women aged 34 have left home.

Generations Reasons for Leaving Home Depression to Generation Y

The majority of young adults in the Depression left to get married, as did the baby boomers. This levels out with the second wave boomers & gen Xers start to leave more to be independent and have their own place.

| |War/Depression |1st Wave Boomers |2nd Wave Boomers |Gen X |Gen Y |

|get married |44% |37% |29% |21% |4% |

|job |24% |17% |16% |11% |3% |

|school |12% |17% |17% |24% |11% |

|independence |10% |20% |29% |26% |10% |

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