AP European History



AP European History

Study Questions

Chapter 17: The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment

The Enlightenment

1. How did Immanuel Kant define the term “Enlightenment?”

2. How was Enlightenment thought influenced by the Scientific Revolution?

3. How did Bernard de Fontenelle popularize scientific thought? What was the title of his major work?

4. Compare and contrast the religious views of the great scientists of the seventeenth century with the Enlightenment thinkers of the eighteenth century.

5. Explain the impact of travel literature on the philosophes.

6. Explain the theory of knowledge as stated by John Locke.

7. Describe a philosophes. Where did they come from?

8. What was the capital of the Enlightenment?

9. How did the philosophes get around state censorship?

10. Describe the significance and the works of each of the following Enlightenment thinkers:

a. Montesquieu

b. Voltaire

c. Diderot

11. Describe what the philosophes meant by the “science of man.”

12. Explain the philosophy of David Hume.

13. Explain the philosophy of the Physiocrats.

14. Describe the significance of Adam Smith and list his major work.

15. Explain the significance of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and list his major work.

16. How did Enlightenment thinkers address the “woman’s question?”

17. Explain the significance of Mary Wollstonecraft and list her major work.

18. What social class benefited the most form Enlightenment thought?

19. Describe the significance of the salon in the Enlightenment.

Culture and Society in the Enlightenment

20. Describe the Rococo style in both art and architecture.

21. Describe the Neoclassical style.

22. Trace the development of movement throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

23. Describe the significance of each of the following musicians:

a. Johann Sebastian Bach

b. George Frederick Handel

c. Franz Joseph Haydn

d. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

24. How did the Enlightenment contribute to the development of the novel and the writing of history?

25. Trace the growth of magazines and newspapers.

26. Describe an ideal Enlightenment education.

27. How did the philosophes view crime and punishment?

28. Describe eighteenth century popular culture.

Religion and the Churches

29. Describe the basic structure of an eighteenth century Christian church.

30. What is meant by the “nationalization” of Catholic Churches?

31. Describe the decline of the Jesuits.

32. How did Joseph II of Austria contribute to religious toleration?

33. How were European Jews treated during the Enlightenment?

34. Describe Pietism.

35. Explain the significance of John Wesley.

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