Government Quiz



Government Quiz B

1. Which theory of the origins of government was supported by John Locke?

A. The Evolution Theory

B. The Divine Rights Theory

C. The Social Contract Theory

D. The Force Theory

2.  According to John Locke, natural rights include the right to

A. a free education.

B. taxation

C. vote

D. private property.

3. This theory of elites believes that the “people behind the scenes” in the government really run the government. This is the:

A. Marxist Theory

B. Power Elites Theory

C. Bureaucrats Theory

D. Pluralists Theory

4. Which political principle would John Locke have rejected?

A. The King should rule as God's representative on earth.

B. The people possess natural rights which government must protect.

C. Liberty is a natural right.

D. Violation of the social contract by the government justifies revolution.

5. The man who said "Man is born free but today is everywhere in chains" is

A. Locke

B. Voltaire.

C. Rousseau.

D. Montesquieu.

6. According to John Locke, the chief role of government was to

A. protect rights

B. fight wars

C. redistribute the wealth of citizens

D. ensure equality

7. The theory of laissez-faire capitalism advocates

A. government control of the economy

B. noninvolvement of the government in the economy

C. government regulation of big business

D. government sponsorship of labor unions

8.  The writings of Baron de Montesquieu and John Locke were similar in that each supported the principles of

A. a military dictatorship

B. an autocracy

C. a theocratic society

D. a democratic republic

9. “…Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good….”

— Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789

Which principle of the Enlightenment philosophers is expressed in this quotation from the French Revolution?

A. natural law

B. nationalism

C. free trade

D. socialism

10.  Which idea became a central belief of the Enlightenment?

A. The use of reason would lead to human progress.

B. The Bible could be used to solve all human problems.

C. The ancient Greeks had the best form of government.

D. natural rights should be given up so as to be better protected

11. Which form of government did Rousseau prefer?

A. Dictatorship

B. Direct Democracy

C. Republic

D. Absolute Monarchy

12. “When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates [government officials], there can be no liberty; because apprehensions [fears] may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws to execute them in a tyrannical manner… .”

– Baron de Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws

Which solution would Baron de Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws?

A. granting freedom of speech

B. reinstating absolute monarchies

C. separating the branches of government

D. limiting natural laws

13.  

|Speaker A:  |"Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual only if the|

| |interests of the individual are the same as those of the nation." |

| |  |

|Speaker B: |"The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect |

| |given to a king is religious in nature." |

| |  |

|Speaker C: |"All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to|

| |protect these natural rights of its citizens." |

| |  |

|Speaker D: |"Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be|

| |successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war." |

Which speaker’s statement best reflects the ideas of the Enlightenment?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

14. Which characteristic is most essential to a democratic society?

A. a respect for individual rights

B. a federal structure of government

C. a strong two-party system

D. a written constitution

15.  Adam Smith taught that for the economy to succeed, each individual had to

A. share equally in the profits.

B. produce the best profit at the lowest cost.

C. submit to government regulations on wages and prices.

D. Pay tariffs to protect domestic industry.

16. Adam Smith wrote The Wealth of Nations in which he stated that

A. government must control business.

B. economic activity would be guided by an unseen hand, and the best producer would make the best product for the lowest possible price if competition were permitted.

C. economic activity would soon perish unless the government restricted competition among producers of goods who put each other out of business.

D. foreign goods should be kept out of the country

17.  "Government should promote, protect, and defend the dignity of the individual."

Which of the following quotations is implied by the statement above?

A. "Conflict between those who own property and those who do not is inevitable."

B. "Governments exist to protect the governed."

C. "That government is best that governs least."

D. "Government is man's greatest creation."

18. Jean Jacque Rousseau ideas of government would contrast with those of

A. Thomas Hobbes.

B. Charles Montesquieu.

C. John Locke's

D. Adam Smith.

19. John Locke's Two Treatises on Government set forth the fundamental idea that

A. the King ruled by divine right.

B. people must be subject to the state.

C. revolutions are legal but useless.

D. government should be based on the consent of the people.

20. The belief that governments came about from the conquest and domination of one group over another is the ___________ Theory

A. Evolution

B. Force

C. Divine Rights

D. Social Contract

21.  The purpose of limiting the powers of the three branches of the United States Federal Government is to

A. make the government more efficient

B. prevent the development of tyranny

C. give the states equal power with the Federal Government

D. allow the states to nullify Federal laws they do not favor

22.  European political thinkers who supported the Enlightenment believed that

A. religious tolerance is a dangerous concept

B. an absolute monarchy is the most effective government

C. governments should protect the rights of the people

D. civil liberties should be given as rewards for political loyalty

23.  The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed that government decisions should be based on

A. fundamental religious beliefs

B. the concept of divine right of kings

C. laws of nature and reason

D. traditional values

24.  Base your answer on the passage and on your knowledge of social studies.

[When] the legislature shall … grasp [for] themselves, or put into the hands of any other, an absolute power over their lives, liberties, and estates of the people, … they forfeit the power the people had put into their hands for quite contrary ends, and it [passes] to the people, who have a right to resume their original liberty….

— John Locke, Two Treatises on Civil Government

Which idea is expressed in this passage?

A. The people should give up their liberty to create an orderly society.

B. People have the right to rebel if their natural rights are denied.

C. Governments should be obeyed regardless of their actions.

D. Liberty can only be guaranteed in a direct democracy.

25. The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of

A. socialism

B. imperialism

C. the natural rights of man

D. the divine right monarchies

26. Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that society could best be improved by

A. relying on faith and divine right

B. borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome

C. applying reason and the laws of nature

D. studying the practices of successful leaders

27.  The expression “due process of law” refers to the

A. right of the Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of laws

B. power of the police to arrest anyone who looks suspicious

C. procedure in Congress by which a bill becomes a law

D. protection given citizens against unfair actions by the government

28. What would govern a civilization in Rousseau’s ideal world?

A. an enlightened despot

B. the general will

C. The Church

D. the invisible hand

29.  

|Speaker A:  |"Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual only if the|

| |interests of the individual are the same as those of the nation." |

| |  |

|Speaker B: |"The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect |

| |given to a king is religious in nature." |

| |  |

|Speaker C: |"All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to|

| |protect these natural rights of its citizens." |

| |  |

|Speaker D: |"Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be|

| |successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war." |

Which speaker’s statement expresses the idea of divine right?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

30. “If man in the state of nature is free, if he is absolute lord of his own person and possessions, why will he give up his freedom? Why will he put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve his life, liberty, and property.”

— John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690

This statement provides support for the

A. elimination of laissez-faire capitalism

B. formation of government based on a social contract

C. continuation of absolute monarchy

D. rejection of the natural rights philosophy

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