Murrieta Valley Unified School District / Overview



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There are two kinds of letters: Consonants and Vowels

The consonants are: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z

The vowels are: a e i o u y w (y and w can be both consonants and vowels)

Consonants have no voice. (No sustained sound) If you talked only using consonants, you would sound like an alien. [pic] Try it! (Note: When you say your consonant sounds, do not add short u or short a sounds to the end of them. That’s giving them a voice they don’t have!)

Vowels are SUPERHERO letters. They have special powers that:

1. Give them voice. (Sustained sound) Try it. Sing them!

2. This means every word must have at least one!

3. They have the power to say more than one sound.

4. They have the power to change the sound of other letters.

Long Vowel sounds are the letter names: A E I O U. A straight line over a vowel is the symbol we use to show a long vowel sound.

Short Vowel sounds are the sounds you here in this silly sentence: At Ed’s It’s Odd Up (there). A smiley mouth over a vowel is the symbol we use to show a short vowel sound. Say the sentence with words and then only say the short vowel sounds. Say them over and over again until you can say them quickly, easily, and clearly.

Our language is made up of letters, sounds, and rules. This is called phonics. Learn the letters, sounds, and rules and you’ll be a wonderful reader and writer!

Let’s learn and practice the phonetic alphabet and we’ll learn the rules as we read and study together.

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

a k e g i o kw s u y

a s e j i o z u i

u aw e

u

How fast can you say the phonetic alphabet?

Let’s take a closer look at the short vowel sounds. Remember vowels are short unless there’s a reason they’re long. Short vowel sounds are found in the following spelling patterns. (C = consonant, V = vowel, CB = consonant blend) CVC = cat, CBVC = spit, CVCB = dish, CBVCB = flash

Let’s play a game! Help me make a list of words for each short vowel sound using the spelling patterns above. It’s easy. Try it with me. (Think about rhyming!)

|a |e |i |o |u |

|hat |set |pig |top |tub |

|bat |met |wig |hop |rub |

|cat |pet |big |shop |stub |

|flat |petting |bigger |shopper |mud |

|flash |pen |pin |shot |muddle |

|sap |men |spin |hot |puddle |

|map |mend |spinners |hotter |hut |

|strap |mender |milk |otter |mutt |

|trap |unmended |silk |potter |shut |

|trap |end |tilt |pot |shutter |

|trapper |send |retilt |spot |clutter |

|ash |sender |split |stop |butter |

|mash |lending |splint |drop |dust |

|trash |pen |lint |dropper |must |

|trashed |pencil |lit |hopper |crust |

|sad |stencil |litter |flop |crush |

|lad |bent |splitter |lock |brush |

|ladder |tent |sick |sock |bun |

|hatch |dent |lick |stock |sun |

|hatched |dented |kick |clock |stun |

|match |undented |rekick |clocker |stunning |

|rematch |undenting |kicker |dock |stump |

[pic] [pic]

We’ve learned that a vowel is short unless there’s a reason it’s long. Here are the reasons a vowel is long.

1. In very short, one syllable words, ending in a vowel the vowel’s long. 2. In a short, one syllable word, a vowel can be long for no reason

3. Magic E, Magic I, and Magic Y

4. Vowel pairs

5. In longer words, a vowel on a clap is usually long

Let’s take a closer look at each rule: [pic]

1. When a very short, one syllable word ends in a vowel, the vowel is long. Let’s develop a list so you have a good understanding of this rule.

|we |be |my |buy |I |

|me |so |fly |why | |

|he |no |shy |try | |

|she |go |cry |fry | |

2. In short, one syllable words, a vowel can be long for no reason. There are not many words that fall into this rule, but let’s develop a list for better understanding.

|haste |sigh |hold |sold |most |

|paste |old |fold |gold |ghost |

|waste |told |bold |toll |truth |

|taste |mold |cold |knoll |sign |

|mind |find |kind |blind |blinds |

|poll |roll | | | |

3. There are many words that have long vowel sounds thanks to the Magic E, Magic I, and Magic Y. These letters can jump over one vowel sound, spread their magic dust, and make a vowel say its name. There are so many of them, I thought we could develop lists by long vowel sounds. Let’s start with the

Long A – Magic E, Magic I, Magic Y

|bake |shaker |gate |shaver |lady |

|cake |shaking |gated |shaved |ladies |

|lake |shaked |graze |shaving |hazy |

|Lakers |case |grazes |pave |hazier |

|take |place |grazing |paves |made |

|taking |placed |grazed |pavers |name |

|wake |base |grazer |paving |named |

|waking |lace |lazy |paved |same |

|make |chase |lazier |shade |plane |

|maker |chaser |wave |shady |flame |

|making |chased |wavier |shadier |flamed |

|rake |chasing |tame |baby |flaming |

|raking |race |tamer |babies |shame |

|raked |racer |tamed |babied |shamed |

|rakes |racing |taming |crazy |shaming |

|shake |raced |shave |crazier |wade |

|shakes |ate |shaves |crazed |wader |

[pic]

We are on a roll. You love doing this and you’re good at it!!!! Let’s go right onto building Long E vowel words using the Magic E, Magic I, or Magic Y rule.

Long E - Magic E, Magic I, Magic Y

|even |elect |complete |eve |

|fever |these |athlete |evening |

|meter |concrete |gene |competing |

Let’s do more! [pic]

Long I - Magic E, Magic I, Magic Y

|nice |bites |timed |hikes |prize |

|nicer |biter |timing |hiker |prized |

|mice |biting |grime |hikers |surprise |

|lice |white |grimy |hiked |surprised |

|splice |whiter |bike |hiking |tiny |

|slice |whites |bikes |vine |shine |

|sliced |dime |biking |vines |shined |

|slices |dimes |biked |line |shiny |

|slicing |time |bikers |lines |fine |

|mine |timer |hike |liner |finer |

|miner |glide |kite |tide |stride |

|miners |glider |kites |tides |strides |

|bite |gliding |kiting |tidy |striding |

This Magic stuff is a [pic]

Let’s brainstorm words having the Long O sound using the Magic E, Magic I, and Magic Y rule!

Long O - Magic E, Magic I, Magic Y

|nose |holed |joking |broken |roped |

|nosy |holes |home |stone |hope |

|rose |mole |homes |stones |hopes |

|rosy |moles |robe |stoned |hoped |

|bone |throne |robes |globe |hoping |

|bony |thrones |note |globes |slope |

|hose |joke |notes |rope |slopes |

|hoses |jokes |noted |ropes |spoke |

|hosed |joker |noting |roper |shone |

|hole |joked |close |roping |cone |

|smoke |vote |closer |pony |zone |

|smokes |votes |closely |ponies |zoned |

|smoked |voted |dove |drove |zoning |

|smoking |voting |broke |woke |atone |

We’re almost done with this rule. Let’s finish strong with words having the Long U sound using the Magic E, Magic I, or Magic Y rule!!!!

Long U - Magic E, Magic I, Magic Y

|tune |cute |use |flutes |rule |

|tuner |cuter |useful |include |ruler |

|tuning |puny |ruby |included |ruled |

|tuned |punier |rubies |includes |mixture |

|super |puniest |flute |including |mixtures |

[pic] You did it! That was amazing. As much as I love playing and building words using the Magic E, Magic I, and Magic Y rule, I like the next rule even more. Here is the 4th rule that makes vowels say their long sound!

4. While reading, have you ever noticed vowels that like to hang out with each other? They are friends and we call them vowel pairs. Vowel pairs are the next rule that make a vowel long. I used to tell kids, the first vowel does the talking and the second vowel does the walking. Then, I realized kids didn’t understand what this means. Simply speaking, in a vowel pair, the first vowel says its name while the second vowel is silent. Once again, there are so many vowel pair words, I’d like us to develop lists of understanding for each long vowel sound. Come on and help me!

[pic]

AY = Long A

(Notice the Y is acting like a vowel by changing the short a to a long a!)

|day |hay |gray |daydream |plays |

|say |way |stay |yesterday |player |

|bay |tray |pay |birthday |played |

|clay |lay |crayon |Wednesday |playing |

|may |layer |payment |play |players |

AI = Long A

|raid |pails |snails |gain |contain |

|raider |sail |tail |pain |container |

|raiding |sails |tails |pained |containers |

|paid |sailor |tailor |aim |raise |

|maid |sailing |rain |aiming |afraid |

|maids |hail |rained |chair |paint |

|pail |snail |raining |hair |painter |

[pic] You might as well learn, right away, that letters make bad choices and misbehave just like people do. As we develop these lists that help us understand vowel pairs and the long vowel sounds they make, I’m also going to introduce you to some “Jail Vowel Pairs”. Look for the “jailed” picture to identify these “Jail Vowel Pair” lists.

[pic] EI = Long A

|neighbor |neighbors |weigh |weight |weighted |

[pic] EA = Long A

|break |breaker |breaking |steak |steaks |

[pic] You’re doing a wonderful job! Now let’s move onto the Long E Vowel Pair spellings.

EE = Long E

|cheese |greener |bee |sneezing |tweet |

|cheeses |knee |bees |free |sheep |

|cheer |knees |tree |meet |sheets |

|cheers |seek |trees |meeting |flee |

|cheered |seeks |week |seed |flees |

|cheek |eel |seem |feed |fleece |

|cheeks |eels |sleep |feeding |deer |

|freeze |needle |sleeper |peek |speed |

|freezer |seeking |weeks |creep |speeds |

|freezing |see |sneeze |creeps |speedy |

|green |sees |sneezes |creeper |speedier |

EA = Long E

|cheap |meat |each |beaming |dear |

|cheaper |read |sea |bean |seam |

|seal |treat |seas |beans |dream |

|neat |treated |teach |jeans |dreamy |

|neater |treating |teaches |pea |cream |

|tea |ear |teacher |peas |creamy |

|seat |real |teaching |heat |eat |

|seated |wheat |mean |heater |tweak |

|flea |peach |meaner |heating |steam |

|fleas |peaches |beam |heats |steamer |

|please |scream |beneath |beat |beach |

|pleases |screamer |peanut |beating |beaches |

EY = Long E

(Notice the Y is acting like a vowel by changing the short e to a long e!)

|donkey |chimney |money | | |

|monkey |honey |turkey | | |

[pic] IE = Long E

|chief |thief |brief |field |piece |

|chiefs |thieves |briefs |fields |pieces |

EI = Long E

|either |neither | | | |

[pic] Take a bow, you’re doing great. Let’s move onto the Long I Vowel Pair words. Help me, please.

IE = Long I

|pie |pies |skies |cries |fries |

|tie |ties |tied |cried |fried |

|die |dies |died |tries |spies |

|lie |lies |lied |tried |spied |

|fly |flies | | | |

| | | | | |

*sky skies *try tries *dry dries * fry fries *spy spies * fly flies

[pic]That was easy! Now let’s climb another mountain and learn through a list of Long O Vowel Pair words……..

OA = Long O

|soap |goat |float |coat |road |

|soaping |boat |floating |throat |cloak |

|toast |boater |coast |groan |cloaks |

|toasted |coat |boast |groaning |toad |

OE = Long O

|toe |goes |hoe |oboe | |

| | | | | |

[pic]You’re going for gold!

OW = Long O

|bow |blower |tomorrow |bowling |glowed |

|bowed |blowing |grow |bowled |flow |

|tow |mow |grower |crow |flows |

|towed |mower |slow |crowing |owner |

|towing |yellow |slower |crowed |elbow |

|show |window |slowly |stow |shadow |

|showed |low |slowing |stowed |pillow |

|showing |lower |bowl |glow |follow |

|blow |lowered |bowler |glowing |shallow |

[pic]That leaves only Vowel Pair words with the Long U sound. I have found that students sometimes don’t here a Long U sound because it often doesn’t have the “y” sound in the word but rather the OOOOOOOOOO sound. If you are having doubts, just say the word with the Long U (letter name) sound and see if it’s a pretty close match.

UE = Long U

|blue |clue |statue |argued |barbecue |

|glue |clues |value |arguing |continue |

|glued |cue |valuing |rescue |cruel |

|gluing |cues |valued |rescued |due |

|true |hue |argue |rescuing |fuel |

[pic]

[pic] EW = Long U

|new |stew |chew |pews |crew |

|newer |stewed |chewed |grew |crewed |

|few |brew |chewing |flew |drew |

|fewer |brewing |pew |blew |dew |

[pic] OO = Long U

|moo |hoop |groom |sooner |scoop |

|mooed |hoops |room |noon |scooper |

|mooing |food |moose |stool |stoop |

|zoo |brood |boot |stools |stooped |

|zoos |mood |booted |loop |gloom |

|too |doodle |boom |goose |gloomy |

|boo |doodling |boomed |choose |school |

|boos |noodle |booming |baboon |booth |

|troop |noodles |spoon |bloom |balloon |

|troops |moon |soon |blooming |cocoon |

|foolish |roof |choose |hooray |droop |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

[pic]

UI = Long U

|suit |suited | | | |

|suits |unsuited | | | |

That was a lot of long vowel pair words!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [pic]

5. Finally, the last rule that makes short vowels long is this: A vowel on a clap is usually long. As we divide longer words into chunks, find words within words, root words, prefixes, suffixes, common endings, and familiar spellings we will also look for vowels that fall on a “clap” or syllable. These vowels are usually long. Let’s develop more lists of understanding by long vowel sound. (A slash in a word tell us where the “clap” or breaks are in each word. Look for the long vowels on the clap!)

Long A

|pa/per |sta/plers |ta/ble |

|ta/per |cra/dle |ba/sic |

|tor/na/do |cra/dles |pa/sty |

|ra/di/o |a/wake |ha/sty |

|a/corn |la/bor |ma/ple |

|a/ble |la/bel |ta/ble |

|sta/ple |wa/vy |cra/dle |

[pic]This rule is very important as you learn to read longer, multi-syllabic words (many claps). Knowing when to keep a vowel short or when to pronounce its long sound is the key to reading fluency and understanding.

[pic]

[pic] Let’s go right into the Long E vowel sound when the vowel is on a clap!

Long E

|pre/tend |ze/bra |e/lev/en |de/cide |

|be/fore |be/low |e/ven |re/lo/cate |

|pre/pare |fe/male |fe/ver |le/gal |

|pre/soak |re/frig/er/a/tor |me/ter |re/act |

|pre/school |re/mem/ber |re/gal |be/neath |

|pre/fer |ze/ro |e/lect |he/ro |

|pre/read |de/code |be/hind |ce/ment |

[pic]Step right up to listing words that have a Long I sound because the vowel is on a clap!

Long I

|pi/per |ti/ger |pi/lot |vi/o/lin |ti/ny |

|li/on |ti/tle |gi/ant |vi/ta/min | |

|li/bra/ry |spi/der |si/lent |dri/ver | |

[pic] You’re a star!!!!

[pic] OK….. let’s find and list words that have the Long O vowel sound because the vowel is on a clap.

|pro/gram |ro/bot |pro/tect |go/ing |pro/pel |

|so/fa |go/pher |o/pen |pro/duce |pro/gram/er |

|to/fu |yo/del |o/boe |pro/duc/er |pro/nounce |

[pic]We’ve almost reached another finish line. Let’s finish with words that have a long vowel sounds because the vowel is on a clap listening for the Long U sound.

|stu/pid |mu/sic |bu/gle |mu/se/um |

|su/per |fu/el |cu/cum/ber |por/cu/pine |

|hu/man |u/nit |men/u |tu/na |

|stu/dent |u/ten/sil |ar/gu/ment |hu/mor |

[pic]You did it! Now you know that vowels are short unless there’s a reason they’re long. There are no more secrets because now you even know the five reasons they are long!!!! I’m proud of you.

[pic] Do you remember when we said vowels were SUPERHERO letters and one of the powers they had was “voice”? It’s because vowels have voice that we need a vowel in each word. Actually, it’s more than that. We need a vowel in each syllable or clap. Let’s develop a list of two, three, four, and five syllable words to prove that each syllable (clap) has at least one vowel sound whether it’s long or short! [pic]

|2 Syllables |be/low |po/ta/to |

|pre/pare |u/nit |to/ma/to |

|pro/gram |pu/pil |peace/ful/ly |

|post/er |vel/vet |qui/et/ly |

|hun/gry |back/pack |de/ci/ded |

|hap/py |pic/nic |ter/ri/ble |

|par/ty |o/bey |lum/ber/ed |

|sup/er |twink/le |Sat/ur/day |

|sup/per |mar/ble |ra/di/o |

|blan/ket |rab/bit |4 Syllables |

|pep/per |pic/kle |tri/um/phant/ly |

|ap/ple |may/be |mis/un/der/stand |

|sweet/ly |3 Syllables |hap/haz/ard/ly |

|tor/toise |art/ful/ly |in/ad/ver/tent |

|doc/tor |hap/pi/ness |5 Syllables |

|tip/toe |help/ful/ly |mis/un/der/stand/ing |

|mush/room |hon/est/ly |in/ad/ver/tent/ly |

|cab/bage |tri/um/phant | |

|pan/cake |el/e/phant | |

|bath/room |fan/tas/tic | |

|car/pet |lol/li/pop | |

|plas/tic |u/su/al | |

[pic] Now, I’d like to introduce you to the Bossy R. The Bossy R is bossy. He wants to silence all the vowels so he can shout rrrrrrrrrrrrrr! A is the most powerful vowel and she fights back as hard as she can but she still can’t say her short or long sound. Instead, we hear RRRRRR as in star! Unfortunately, the E, I, O, and U vowels try their best but the Bossy R overpowers them and we hear rrrrrrrrrrrrr! It’s really quit sad. We will talk about the naughty O in a minute.

|AR |AR |ER |IR |UR |

|far |yard |summer |wire |turn |

|star |harm |perch |sir |curl |

|car |quartz |finger |dirt |hamburger |

|park |scarf |sister |dirty |turnip |

|mark |arms |her |twirl |hurt |

|bark |cartoon |zinger |whirl |fur |

|heart |carton |singer |inquire |turtle |

|argument |party |zipper |tire |church |

|carve |charm |mermaid |fire |surround |

|armor |charming |marker |bird |urgent |

|quart |farm |person |shirt |burst |

|garden |bar |water |stir |purse |

|dark |marker |person |girl |nurse |

|tart |marble |water |first | |

|kangaroo |tart |cover |thirsty | |

|barn |jar |butter |whirling | |

|scar |garbage |opera |twirling | |

|shark |guard |under |squirm | |

|art |cart |funeral |squirmed | |

|start |card |patter |squirming | |

|stark |farmer |silver | | |

|hard | |liberty | | |

|yarn | |jerk | | |

[pic]The O is very mischievous. It likes to pair up with the Bossy R and it makes the sound or = ore as in short and shore. Let’s make a final Bossy R list.

[pic]

|shore |score |horn |store |torn |

|short |color |corn |for |born |

|fort |horse |gorilla |before |story |

|explore |worn |fork |bore |stories |

|oral |forest |more |tore |sport |

[pic]Before we begin reading in earnest, I’d like to review just a few more phonics rules that will help make decoding quick and easy. This will be our…”Did you know?” section!!!!

[pic]Did you know that c followed by and e, i, or y says SSSSSSSSS? We can call it a Copy Cat letter! Please don’t beg, of course we can make another list!

|Ce |spice |race |decide |

|center |lice |palace |scissors |

|police |nice |twice |pencil |

|saucer |price |grace |circus |

|mace |rice |trace |circle |

|place |ace |juice |cinder |

|trace |pace |fence |cinch |

|voice |space |centipede |citrus |

|licorice |fleece |cement |cinnamon |

|mice |cell |lettuce |Cy |

|cent |excellent |Ci |cycle |

|century |brace |city |juicy |

[pic]Did you also know that g followed by an e, i, or y says J? Yes, this is another Copy Cat letter.

|Ge |genie |garbage |Gi |gym |

|cabbage |vegetable |rage |giant |gymnastics |

|gerble |huge |cage |ginger | |

|large |age |germ |magic | |

|fudge |average |gem |giraffe | |

|badge |page |gentle |engine | |

|badger |stage |cottage |Gy | |

[pic]Do you know what an untouchable is? An untouchable is basically a consonant blend with a twist. Consonant blends are simply consonants that like to hang out together so much that we say their blended sound automatically. These are consonant blends like str, sp, and spr. Untouchables are just a little different. They are two or three consonants blended together but together their sound is much different than if the letters were blended together one at a time. Here are the untouchables.

|sh |ch |wh |Hard th |Soft th |

|shed |church |whale |these |thick |

|shot |munch |whistle |thus |thin |

|shin |munches |whip |that |moth |

|shine |chin |when |this |cloth |

|fresh |chest |where |there |clothing |

|fish |chill |why |them |think |

|push |chiller |whir | |thinker |

|shop |checked |which | |thumb |

|shut |chatting | | |thread |

|shell |chimp | | |thoughts |

|crash |champ | | |together |

|lash |rich | | |thud |

|dish |search | | |bath |

|smash |perch | | |thanks |

[pic]Did you know s surrounded by vowels says ZZZZZZZZ? This is another Cody Cat letter. Boy, letters sure do like to copy!

|nose |used |tease |raise |visit |

|rose |usual |amuse |noise |fuse |

|use |unusual |music |muse |museum |

[pic]Did you know ink can be blended with other consonants to make words that have the strange “ink” sound? It’s hard to hear the short i sound because many people say it like it’s a Long E sound.

|ink |fink |linked |blink |rink |

|stink |link |linking |blinked |stinking |

[pic]Did you know that the d is in love with ge? It’s true. Any time that the d can hang out with the ge, he is very happy. That’s why we have a number of words that sound like j spelled not only ge but dge.

|smudge |ledge |fridge |nudge |judge |

|budge |hedge |grudge |ridge |judged |

|edge |fudge |badge |bridge |nudged |

[pic]Did you know that the t is in love with ch? It’s true too. Any time that the t can hang out with the ch, she is very happy. That’s why we have a number of words that sound like ch spelled tch.

|match |watch |etch |pitch |ditch |

|catch |scratch |stitch |pitching |fetch |

|hatch |batch |stitched |pitcher |itch |

[pic]Did you know the “U” is in love with the “G” and is too shy to speak in these words?

|guest |guess |guerrilla | |

[pic]Did you know the “h” is also in love with the “G” and is too shy to speak in these words?

|ghost |ghostly |ghastly | |

[pic]Did you know that the i is in love with gh? It’s true too. Any time that the i can hang out with the gh, she is very happy. That’s why we have a number of words that sound like Long I but they are spelled igh.

|high |fight |frighten |tightening |brightly |

|sigh |tight |mighty |lightly |brightest |

|right |sight |tighter |tightrope |lightest |

|light |bright |tighten |daylight |might |

[pic]Did you know that some students have trouble saying and spelling the ng blend? Ng can be paired with any vowel sound, but the ng sound is a bit strange. Let’s make a short list for understanding.

|sing |ring |song |swung |king |

|thing |rang |sang |string | |

|wing |gong |clang |bring | |

[pic]Did you know that f loves to play jokes on readers? That’s why f lets ph copy his sound in the following words:

|photo |telephone |gopher |photograph |nephew |

|phase |elephant |dolphin |geography | |

|phrase |alphabet |nephew |cellophane | |

|graph |trophy |saxophone |pharmacy | |

[pic]Did you know that “sy” are so mean the “p” they don’t let him speak!

|psychologist |psychiatrist |psychosomatic |

[pic]Did you know that q is almost always followed by u. The sound they say together is KW. Totally weird, huh?

|quiet |quart |squirrel |squirmed |quay |

|queen |quarter |squad |quiz |quit |

|quick |quill |squint |squid |quip |

|quack |squirt |squirm |quartz | |

[pic]Did you know we have a few letters that are so shy, they can’t say a thing when written? They are the silent k, w, and b!

|knife |wreck |comb |

|knowledge |wrap |tomb |

|know |write |bomb |

|known |writing |lamb |

|knack |writer |limb |

|knee |writes |thumb |

|knob |wrote | |

|knit |wrong | |

|knock |wrist | |

|kneel |wrench | |

|knuckle |wrestle | |

|knew |wreath | |

|knight |wrinkle | |

|knot |wring | |

|unknown |whole | |

|doorknob |wholesale | |

|acknowledge |who | |

|knead |whose | |

[pic]Did you know, from your study of the phonetic alphabet, that “y” can sound like Long E? There are many words that follow this pattern so let’s make a list.

|lady |happy |happily |try |shy |

|shady |lovely |sweetly |dry |my |

|baby |puppy |softly |fry | |

|pretty |softly |cry |by | |

[pic]Did you know that when you hear the “k” sound in a word that has a short vowel sound, the “k” will be spelled “ck”? We call this the short vowel double kick rule!

|tick |jack |picker |luckier |kick |

|stick |pack |picking |luckiest |lock |

|sticker |packing |rocket |buckle |clock |

|flick |tack |speck |track |heck |

|flicker |sacked |duck |tracker |tock |

|flicking |peck |puck |black |dock |

|track |deck |muck |lack |suck |

|stack |wreck |stuck |slick |stock |

|stacked |wrecker |pickle |trick |flock |

|knack |tickle |rack |click |jock |

|back |pick |lucky |sick |hock |

[pic]Did you know when an “r” is near a “ch” it says “k”?

|chrome |chromium |chronic | | |

[pic]Did you know words that end in “a” sound like Short U?

|China |tuba |Carla | | |

[pic]Did you know words that end in “ia” sound like “ee-uh”? Words like…

|India |Claudia |Philadelphia | | |

[pic]Did you know that “sion” and “tion” sound like “shun”? Also, “cial” has a similar sound of “shul”. These are [pic]!

|tion |sion |cial |

|station |television |social |

|invention |vision |partial |

|vacation | | |

|motion | | |

|attention | | |

|reservation | | |

|solution | | |

|lotion | | |

|nation | | |

|construction | | |

|action | | |

|caution | | |

[pic]Do you know how to stop the magic? The Magic E, Magic I, and Magic Y rules work so well that we have to be careful to stop the magic when we write a root word in another word form. What does this mean? For example, to turn hop into hopping we MUST double the consonant p or we would have a Magic I and the word would be hoping!!!!! We need to develop a long list for understanding on this one.

|crabby |hopped |patter |supper |rubber |

|sitter |hopping |putter |batter |happen |

|sitting |stopped |puttering |batted |happening |

|napped |stopper |puttered |batting |runner |

|napping |stopping |slipped |tunnel |running |

|buggy |winner |slipping |better |silly |

[pic]Did you know in many words you must drop the e or the y before adding an ending?

|body |bodies | | |

|crab |crabby |crabbier |crabbiest |

|happy |happier |happiest | |

|lazy |lazier |laziest | |

|race |racy |racier |raciest |

|fry |fried |fryer (jail) | |

|dry |dried |drier | |

|try |tried |trying (jail) | |

|cry |cried |crying (jail) |crier |

|penny |pennies | | |

|hurry |hurried | | |

|study |studier | | |

|family |families | | |

We’re nearing [pic] !!!!! This next section addresses a few Jail Breakers that happen often enough that we should talk about them and prepare for them. We need to get ready for a break out and not let them hijack our reading speed or understanding. These following lists are jail spellings and sounds or their simply [pic]!

[pic] EW often says the Long U sound (few, blew…) but can also break the rules to say Long O in the following words!

|sew |sewer |sewing |sewed | |

[pic] OO can say the Long U sound as in tooth and smooth but OO can also say the Short U sound as in foot and shook. Let’s develop another list of understanding for OO = Short U.

|foot |hood |good |cook |looker |

|shook |stood |crooked |cookie | |

|wool |wood |nook |flood | |

[pic] Two more rule breakers or Jail Vowel Pairs are WO, OU. On occasion they can say the Long U Vowel sound.

|two |soup |troupe | | |

[pic] EA is a Vowel Pair that says Long E (treat) but it can also say Short E!

|feather |head |meadow |ready |dead |

|weather |read |spread |pleasant |breath |

|bread |instead |treasure |breakfast | |

[pic]

[pic] The following Odd Ball spellings have similar sounds: alk, all, aw, au, ough, and augh. Can you hear the sound? It’s that sound everyone makes when they are disappointed! (

|alk |all |aw |au |ough |augh |

|walk |all |crawl |cause |cough |caught |

|talk |call |crawler |because |rough |daughter |

|chalk |caller |crawling |auto |bought |taught |

|stalk |calling |brawl |maul |brought | |

|balk |fall |brawler |fault |thought | |

| |tall |fawn |applaud |sought | |

| |taller |fawns |August |fought | |

| |ball |law |saucer |enough | |

| |stall |saw |pause |tough | |

| |stalling |draw |flaunt |ought | |

| |mall |claw |astronaut | | |

| |shall |awful |laundry | | |

| |install |shawl |haul | | |

| | |lawn |daughter | | |

| | |dawn | | | |

| | |awning | | | |

| | |straw | | | |

[pic] Another odd ball spelling is “ould” that sounds like Short U.

|would |could |should | |

[pic] Perhaps the most naughty Jail Vowel Pairs are IO and OY. They make the strange sound found in the following words….

|OI |OY |

|point |toy |

|moist |boy |

|oil |joy |

|soil |coy |

|toil |employ |

|foil |employer |

|spoil |employed |

|boil |enjoy |

|broil |enjoyed |

|join |enjoying |

|coin |oyster |

|voice | |

|noise | |

[pic] Another odd spelling happens when we double the consonant at the end of some words found in the following list.

|stuff |fuzz |buzz |muff | |

|jazz |cuff |puff |moss | |

|press |boss |toss |brass | |

|off |pass |fuss | | |

[pic]

[pic] This next list is extremely odd. Let’s list the many different ways to spell the sound “air”.

|air |ere |are |ear |eir |

|air |there |share |bear |their |

|fair |where |stare |pear |heir |

|stair | |care |tear | |

|flair | |square |wear | |

|hair | |rare | | |

| | |hare | | |

| | |careful | | |

| | |dare | | |

| | |mare | | |

[pic] Look! We can use some of the Odd Ball spellings from above only this time they say “ear”. Who thought of this stuff? (

|ear |ere |

|hear |here |

|year |mere |

|clear | |

|beard | |

|shear | |

|near | |

|dear | |

|ear | |

|fear | |

|gear | |

|tear | |

|years | |

|speared | |

[pic] OW and OU can say Long O but they also break the rules and say OW like you hurt yourself!

|OW |OU |OU |OU |

|cow |counter |hour |abound |

|how |ground |hours |astound |

|now |grounded |sour |astounded |

|plow |grounding |flour |astounding |

|down |bounce |couch |hound |

|clown |bouncer |couched |blouse |

|crowd |bounced |pouch |louse |

|crowded |bouncing |house |foul |

|crowding |bound |housed |cloud |

|growl |rebound |mouse |scout |

|chowder |proud |loud |scouted |

|shower |grouch |louder |scouting |

|flower |grouchy |loudest |surround |

|power |grouchier |sound |surrounded |

|town |grouchiest |sounding |surrounding |

|brown |out |playground | |

|crown |outer |outside | |

|owl |pout |mountain | |

|towel |pouter |count | |

|gown |shout |counter | |

|nightgown |shouted |counting | |

|fowl |shouting |round | |

|allow |about |rounded | |

|allowance |our |rounding | |

[pic]

[pic] “ED” places an action in the past. [pic]Did you know “ed” can say three sounds? They are ed, t, and d.

|ed |t |d |

|bedded |marked |tried |

|wedded |walked |shoveled |

|headed |parked |leveled |

[pic] Here is a list of one-of-a kind words to memorize.

|friend |answer |says |have |you |

|does |colonel |the |said |one |

|laugh |of |gone |lieutenant | |

[pic] Here are a few odd words where the “a” sounds like short e!

|anytime |any |many | | |

[pic] In this odd list, “a” sounds like a Short O

|mama |father | | | |

[pic] When an O is near a “th” the O sounds like a Short U in these words.

|smother |mother |other |brother | |

[pic] When an “O” is patterned with a Magic E, it can sound like Short U.

|come |none |something |done | |

[pic] Now that you’re dividing words into syllables to help you identify vowels sounds, counting vowel sounds, looking for familiar spellings, and for words within words, chunks, root words, prefixes, suffixes, familiar endings….. I’d like for us to make a list of compound words. Compound words are nothing more than two words tossed together to make up something entirely new. They are also a great way to learn to “chunk” words into familiar words and spelling patterns. Let’s make a quick list!

|rainbow |playground |seashore |postcard |bedroom |

|bedbugs |downtown |daydreamer |fireplace |bedtime |

|barnyard |groundhog |mailman |tightrope |tiptoe |

|backpack |knapsack |moonlight |daylight |bookmark |

|lipstick |flashlight |afternoon |haircut |cardboard |

|zigzag |quicksand |cookbook |newspaper |something |

|afternoon |handshake |chalkboard |peanut |nightmare |

|bluebirds |cupcake |doorknob |ladybug |friendship |

|nightgown |rainstorm |butterfly |eyelids |backbone |

|lifetime |anybody |railroad |schoolhouse |nowhere |

|sunflower |without |inside |fireflies |baseball |

|basketball |football |earthquake |upstream |because |

|another |today |themselves |himself |somewhat |

|somewhere |nowhere |everything |keyboard |backstage |

|anymore |anyplace |somehow |bookend |teenager |

|supermen |waterfall |anytime |supersensitive |repairman |

|anyplace |bookstore |bookshelf |forgive |update |

|backhand |bookmark |superstar |lifeboat |firefighter |

|backstage |honeybee |someone |underachieve |watermelon |

|bookworm |keyword |anyway |grandparent |waterproof |

|forklift |lifelike |backpack |grandson |firecracker |

|lifeguard |supernatural |noisemaker |caveman |sidewalk |

[pic] One more tiny item….What’s a contraction? A contraction is a way to write dialogue closer to the way we really speak. They sound less formal. Let’s develop one last contraction list!

| |

| |

|BE |

|WILL |

|WOULD |

|HAVE |

|HAD |

| |

|I |

|I'm |

|I am |

|I'll |

|I will |

|I'd |

|I would |

|I've |

|I have |

|I'd |

|I had |

| |

|you |

|you're |

|you are |

|you'll |

|you will |

|you'd |

|you would |

|you've |

|you have |

|you'd |

|you had |

| |

|he |

|he's |

|he is |

|he'll |

|he will |

|he'd |

|he would |

|he's |

|he has |

|he'd |

|he had |

| |

|she |

|she's |

|she is |

|she'll |

|she will |

|she'd |

|she would |

|she's |

|she has |

|she'd |

|she had |

| |

|it |

|it's (or 'tis) |

|it is |

|it'll |

|it will |

|it'd |

|it would |

|it's |

|it has |

|it'd |

|it had |

| |

|we |

|we're |

|we are |

|we'll |

|we will |

|we'd |

|we would |

|we've |

|we have |

|we'd |

|we had |

| |

|they |

|they're |

|they are |

|they'll |

|they will |

|they'd |

|they would |

|they've |

|they have |

|they'd |

|they had |

| |

|that |

|that's |

|that is |

|that'll |

|that will |

|that'd |

|that would |

|that's |

|that has |

|that'd |

|that had |

| |

|who |

|who's |

|who is |

|who'll |

|who will |

|who'd |

|who would |

|who's |

|who has |

|who'd |

|who had |

| |

|what |

|what's/what're |

|what is/what are |

|what'll |

|what will |

|what'd |

|what would |

|what's |

|what has |

|what'd |

|what had |

| |

|where |

|where's |

|where is |

|where'll |

|where will |

|where'd |

|where would |

|where's |

|where has |

|where'd |

|where had |

| |

|when |

|when's |

|when is |

|when'll |

|when will |

|when'd |

|when would |

|when's |

|when has |

|when'd |

|when had |

| |

|why |

|why's |

|why is |

|why'll |

|why will |

|why'd |

|why would |

|why's |

|why has |

|why'd |

|why had |

| |

|how |

|how's |

|how is |

|how'll |

|how will |

|how'd |

|how would |

|how's |

|how has |

|how'd |

|how had |

| |

|WORDS (negating a verb) |CONTRACTION |

|is not |isn't |

|are not |aren't |

|was not |wasn't |

|were not |weren't |

|have not |haven't |

|has not |hasn't |

|had not |hadn't |

|will not |won't |

|would not |wouldn't |

|do not |don't |

|does not |doesn't |

|did not |didn't |

|cannot |can't |

|could not |couldn't |

|should not |shouldn't |

|might not |mightn't |

|must not |mustn't |

|WORDS (woulda-shoulda-coulda) |CONTRACTION |

|would have |would've |

|should have |should've |

|could have |could've |

|might have |might've |

|must have |must've |

[pic] Now get out there and read!

[pic]

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