BIBLIOG-RAPHY
THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW
INTRODUCTORY CLASS
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R. EDWARD GEISELMAN, PHD
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
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CO-DEVELOPER OF THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW PROTOCOL
FOR INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING
UCLA PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY 40 YEARS
SERVING LAW ENFORCEMENT 30 YEARS
THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW INTRODUCTORY CLASS
Information is the lifeblood of investigations and it is the ability of investigators to obtain useful and accurate information from eyewitnesses that is most crucial. Yet full and accurate memory recall is difficult to achieve. This proficiency course will familiarize investigators with the Cognitive Interview (CI) technique. The CI is a systematic approach to interviewing witnesses toward increasing the amount of relevant information obtained without compromising the rate of accuracy. The CI is based on scientifically derived principles of memory and communication theory as well as extensive analyses of law-enforcement interviews. The CI has been found in scientific studies to produce significantly more information than standard Q&A questioning. The CI is legally acceptable to the courts.
Attendees will learn about the nature of memory retrieval and how to conduct investigative interviews more effectively while avoiding the worst mistakes. This class also includes a segment on techniques for detecting deception. Research shows that the reliability of red-flag indicators can be maximized through effective interview practices which comprise the CI for suspects (CIS).
Hosting this class is cost effective; trainers are left with everything needed to carry on the training of the CI/CIS once the class is over (PP slide shows, videos, handout materials).
GEISELMAN BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
R. Edward Geiselman is the co-developer of the Cognitive Interview technique. He has been a Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles, for 34 years. He earned his Bachelors degree from Purdue University in 1972 where he studied engineering and psychology. Subsequently, he earned both Masters and PhD degrees from Ohio University in experimental psychology. Since joining the faculty at UCLA, he has published over 100 research papers in social-science and police-science journals. He is the author of five books including The Psychology of Murder, Intersections of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Law (Volumes 1, 2, & 3), Eyewitness Expert Testimony, and Memory Enhancing Techniques for Investigative Interviewing: The Cognitive Interview. Professor Geiselman has conducted training and offered other consulting services for numerous investigative agencies including the FBI, Homeland Security, US Secret Service, US State Department, Los Angeles Police Department, Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department, Singapore Police Force, Health and Human Services, NTSB, Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority, U.S. Marine Corps, Walter-Reed Army Hospital, Black Hat, Force Science Institute, and Hong Kong’s Independent Commission Against Corruption. He also conducts investigative interviews for local police departments in ongoing cold-case investigations. Dr. Geiselman was awarded the Mary-Ellen McCormick award by the LASD in 2013 for his career contributions to the investigation of child abuse cases.
R. Edward Geiselman, PhD
Professor Emeritus, UCLA
Contact via Email: geiselma@psych.ucla.edu
COGNITIVE INTERVIEW SEMINAR OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OVERVIEW OF MEMORY RETRIEVAL
3. OVERVIEW OF THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW
4. SEQUENCE OF THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW
■ Introduction
■ Narrative
■ Probing Memory Scenes (specific questions)
■ Review
■ Closing the Interview
5. ROLE PLAY EXERCISES
6. COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
7. SPECIAL POPULATIONS OF WITNESSES
8. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AFTER FORCE
9. COGNITIVE INTERVIEW (CI) SUMMARY
10. COGNITIVE INTERVIEW FOR SUSPECTS (CIS)
BASIC COGNITIVE INTERVIEW TEMPLATE
Rapport
■ Ask “who they are and what do they do.”
■ Explain who you are.
Interview Instructions
■ Explain transfer of control (they have the information, you were not there).
■ Explain this will require considerable effort on their part.
Narrative
■ Recreate context leading up to shooting.
■ Ask to be complete, report everything.
■ Ask to take their time, go slowly, close eyes if want, and to concentrate.
■ Do not interrupt.
■ Take limited notes about images to probe, rank images on which might have most information (to be probed first).
Specific Questions Phase
■ Use their words to focus on richest image.
■ Use open ended question first (“tell me more about”).
■ Do not interrupt, use pauses effectively.
■ Stick with one image before moving on to another.
■ Go through each image on your list.
■ Now use reverse-order recall.
■ Now use change perspectives recall.
Review
■ Ask them to interrupt you if they want to change anything.
■ Use their words to re-tell event from beginning to end.
■ Stop periodically to see if they want to add anything.
Closure
■ Thank them for their efforts.
■ Offer contact information.
SUMMARY COGNITIVE INTERVIEW FOR SUSPECTS
1 - Rapport/Introduction – Develop dependency. “Friends tell friends secrets.”
2 - Narrative – Promote “verbal vomit.” More rope to hang a liar; liars want to be evasive.
3 - Drawing/Sketch – Monitor for inconsistencies (unanticipated request). Liars have difficulty drawing out their fabricated story, and they do not anticipate this request.
4 - Follow-up, open-ended questions – Monitor for elaboration and indicators. Liars say little that is new, and they exhibit behavioral leakage.
5 - Reverse Order – Monitor for inconsistencies and indicators. Liars have difficulty complying with this request, they do not anticipate this request, and they exhibit behavioral leakage.
6 - Confrontation – Firm denial? Liars object and deflect an answer. Monitor for elaboration, liars add little that is new. [Use “drip” method for information disclosure – this adds pressure and does not allow for a coherent explanation from a liar.]
7 - Review – Generate a key change and monitor reaction. Liars will let the apparent error by the interviewer go uncorrected.
8 - Closure – Explain consequences of not coming forward at this time. It’s worth a shot.
SOME CI SUCCESS STORIES
A) Victim Memory Jogging --- (2011)
“Good morning Sir, just wanted to let you know that I got my first rape this morning and I already went to speak to the victim… she was heavily intoxicated at the time of the rape so she didn’t recall much of the incident at first… but after I used some of your interviewing techniques, she recalled so many details I was shocked!! Shocked at the fact that when we started the interview she had very little information to give, but by the end of the interview, she recalled that it was recorded on an I-phone device!!!! Wow!! She remembered it after I told her to close her eyes and walk thru the house technique (Change of Perspective)… she remembered seeing a laptop on the table …shortly after, she remembered a guy standing over her recording it!!! Wow! Thanks again for your help.”
B) Suspect Info Generation --- (2012)
“Several days after attending a class by Dr. Geiselman on Cognitive Interviewing, I interviewed an 80-year-old rape victim, who had been interviewed three times before by the SO. She was unable to give any valuable descriptors of her attacker. I utilized Geisleman’s process, step by step, including the reverse-order technique. She was able to give a detailed description, including height and weight, of the actor along with the fact that the assailant hit her repeatedly with his left hand. We reviewed all of the suspects and found one who was left handed, but had been cleared because three people had provided him an alibi. A subsequent interview, based on the victim’s added recollection, led to a confession of her rape, plus an additional rape that occurred years before. To say the least, I am a strong believer in Geiselman’s approach.”
Others ---
1. Bournemouth UK bombing case, 1990s. Eyewitnesses’ recall.
2. Wrong-way PCH case (who’s the driver). Drunk driver; “dead passenger drove.”
3. Bagdad bomber. Adversarial interviews, classified.
4. California Raison child molestation case. Change perspectives; non-memory.
5. I-phone rapist. Change-perspectives/reverse-order memory jog.
6. ATF memory-over-lie case (person description). “Rope” to hang the liar.
7. Girl with blue mustang murder. Witness (security guard) gives guilty knowledge.
8. USS Greenville incident with Japanese fishing boat from 2001.
Training ---
“You will be pleased to know that CI has made strong inroads here. Most recently all Serious Incident Response Team investigators now use CI. In fact they have created a CI framework template checklist which actually forms part of the evidentiary package to prove that the interviewers properly used the CI during the interview with the involved or witness officers. I am very encouraged to see how things have changed here since you came and delivered the training.”
Curriculum Vitae
R. Edward Geiselman
Emeritus Professor of Psychology, UCLA
Degrees
1. Purdue University - B.S. - 1971
2. Ohio University - M.S. - 1973
3. Ohio University - PhD - 1976
Academic Positions
1989-present -- University of California, Los Angeles -- Full Professor
1982-1989 -- University of California, Los Angeles -- Associate Professor
1978-1982 -- University of California, Los Angeles -- Assistant Professor
1972-1976 -- Ohio University – Academic Lecturer
1969-1971 -- Purdue University – Research Supervisor
Consulting Positions (past and present)
Force Science Instructional Group (instructor)
Institute of Analytical Interviewing (instructor)
Los Angeles Police Department; Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department
U.S. State Department
Department of Homeland Security (certified instructor, consultant, training video)
Federal Bureau of Investigation
National Transportation Safety Board
U.S. Postal Inspector’s Office
Walter-Reed Army Hospital
Singapore Police Force; Calgary Police Service; Hong Kong Independent Commission against Corruption
FLETC – Rural Policing Institute (Instructor)
Los Angeles Superior Court Expert Panel (1991-2011)
Awards and Recognition Certificates
LASD Mary Ellen McCormick Award (2013)
Member ILEETA (International Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers Assoc.)
Center for Domestic Preparedness
National Association on Disability, Abuse, and Personal Rights
New Mexico Inns of Court
British Academy Fellow
Ohio University Significant Achievement Award
California Sexual Assault Investigator’s Association
California Homicide Investigator’s Association
Defense Investigators Association
Florida Bar Association
Bureau of Business Practice & Kiwanis Clubs Association
U.S. Army Intelligence Command
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Academic Position
-Full Professor of Psychology at UCLA (faculty member 38 years).
-UCLA Human Subject Protection Committees (university vice-chair 3 yrs; committee
member 14 yrs; departmental subject-pool chair 12 yrs).
Training
- B.S., M.S., PhD – Experimental Psychology.
- Purdue University (West Lafayette, Ind.) and Ohio University (Athens, Ohio).
- Emphasis on memory recall and recognition.
Current Teaching Commitments (UCLA)
- Psychology in the legal system including eyewitness psychology.
- Research methodology in the social sciences.
- Cognitive psychology: perception, memory, decision making.
Current Research Programs (UCLA)
- Witness/victim interviewing; deception detection.
- Eyewitness identification.
- Court instructions on eyewitness testimony.
- Jury decision making.
- Published 115 research papers and book chapters in social-science and police-science
journals.
Consulting Positions
- Law-enforcement agencies: Workshops on eyewitness psychology and interviewing; occasional conduct of investigative interviews of crime victims.
- Workshops on interviewing crime victims: NTSB, Secret Service, FBI, LAPD, POST,
LASD, USPI and various other federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies.
- Los Angeles Superior Court: Panel expert on eyewitness psychology [reviewed over 675 cases since 1991, testified in over 350 hearings and trials].
- Co-developed the “Cognitive Interview” for use with victims and witnesses of crime: Adopted by CA POST and the Home Office of the British Law Enforcement Agency; included in the DOJ Guidelines on handling and preserving eyewitness evidence.
- Advisory Board of Directors: American College of Forensic Psychology.
Books
- “Memory Enhancement Techniques for Investigative Interviewing: The Cognitive
Interview” (1992).
- “Eyewitness Expert Testimony” (1996), 1st Ed (1994).
- “Intersections of Psychology, Psychiatry, & Law” (Vol. I-III, 1995, 1997, 2006).
- “The psychology of Murder: Readings in Forensic Science” (2003).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. Edward Geiselman
A. Published Material
1) R. E. Geiselman, "Positive forgetting of sentence RESEARCH
material," Memory & Cognition, 2, 677-682 (1974) ARTICLE
2) R. E. Geiselman, "Semantic positive forgetting: RESEARCH
Another cocktail party problem," Journal of ARTICLE
Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 73-86
(1975)
3) R. E. Geiselman, "Single-trial free recall from RESEARCH
temporal search sets in long-term memory," ARTICLE
Memory and Cognition, 3, 474-480 (1975)
4) R. E. Geiselman and J. P. Riehle, "The fate to RESEARCH
be forgotten sentences in semantic positive ARTICLE
forgetting," Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society,
6, 19-21 (1975)
5) F. S. Bellezza, R. E. Geiselman, and L. A. RESEARCH
Aronovosky, "Eye movements under different ARTICLE
rehearsal strategies," Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1,
673-679 (1975)
6) F. S. Bellezza, D. L. Richards, and R. E. RESEARCH
Geiselman, "Semantic processing and organization ARTICLE
in word recall," Memory & Cognition, 4, 415-421
(1976)
7) R. E. Geiselman and F. S. Bellezza, "Long-term RESEARCH
memory for speaker's voice and source location," ARTICLE
Memory & Cognition, 4, 483-489 (1976)
8) R. E. Geiselman and F. S. Bellezza, "Eye RESEARCH
movements and overt rehearsal in word recall," ARTICLE
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning
and Memory, 3, 305-315 (1977)
9) R. E. Geiselman, "Effects of sentence ordering RESEARCH
on thematic decisions to remember and forget ARTICLE
prose," Memory & Cognition, 5, 323-330 (1977)
10) R. E. Geiselman, "Memory for prose as a function RESEARCH
of learning strategy and inspection time," ARTICLE
Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 547-555
(1977)
11) R. E. Geiselman and J. Glenny, "Effects of RESEARCH
imagining speakers' voices on the retention of ARTICLE
words presented visually," Memory & Cognition, 5,
77-82 (1977).
12) R. E. Geiselman and F. S. Bellezza, "Incidental RESEARCH
retention of speaker's voice," Memory & ARTICLE
Cognition, 5, 654-661 (1977)
13) R. A. Bjork and R. E. Geiselman, "Constituent RESEARCH
processes in the differentiation of items in ARTICLE
memory," Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Learning and Memory, 4, 347-361 (1978)
14) K. Strange, R. E. Geiselman, and M. Schwei, RESEARCH
"Effects of the structure of descriptions NOTE
on group impression formation," Bulletin of
the Psychonomic Society, 7, 201-203 (1978)
15) R. E. Geiselman, "Inhibition of the RESEARCH
automatic processing of speaker's voice," ARTICLE
Memory & Cognition; 7, 201-204 (1979)
16) J. R. Miller and R. E. Geiselman, "Extracting RESEARCH
target information from composite mental ARTICLE
structures," Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Learning and Memory, 5, 555-566 (1979)
17) R. E. Geiselman and R. A. Bjork, "Primary versus RESEARCH
secondary rehearsal in imagined voices: ARTICLE
Differential effects on recognition," Cognitive
Psychology, 12, 188-204 (1980)
18) R. E. Geiselman and M. G. Samet, "Summarization RESEARCH
of intelligence information: An application of ARTICLE
schema theory," Human Factors, 22, 693-705 (1980)
19) M. Elliot, R. E. Geiselman, and D. Thomas, RESEARCH
"Modality effects in short-term recognition ARTICLE
memory," American Journal of Psychology, 94, 85-
98 (1981)
20) R. E. Geiselman and M. G. Samet, "What makes INVITED
a 'good' summary of intelligence information?" REVIEW
Military Intelligence, 7, 6-10 (1981) ARTICLE
21) R. E. Geiselman, J. A. Woodward, and J. Beatty, RESEARCH
"Individual differences in verbal memory ARTICLE
performance: A test of alternative information
processing models," Journal of Experimental
Psychology: General, 111, 109-134 (1982)
22) M. G. Samet and R. E. Geiselman, "Guideline RESEARCH
development for information summarization," ARTICLE
Human Factors, 23, 727-736 (1982)
23) R. E. Geiselman, B. M. Landee, and F. G. RESEARCH
Christen, "Perceptual discriminability as a ARTICLE
basis for selecting graphic symbols" Human
Factors, 24, 329-337 (1982)
24) R. E. Geiselman and M. G. Samet, "Personalized RESEARCH
versus fixed formats for intelligence messages," ARTICLE
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, & Cybernetics,
12, 490-495 (1982)
25) M. G. Samet, R. E. Geiselman, and B. M. Landee, RESEARCH
"A human factors evaluation of perceptual symbol- ARTICLE
design features," Perceptual and Motor Skills,
54, 1303-1310 (1982)
26) R. E. Geiselman and J. M. Crawley, "Incidental RESEARCH
processing of speaker characteristics: Voice as ARTICLE
connotative information," Journal of Verbal
Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 15-23 (1983)
27) R. E. Geiselman, R. A. Bjork, and D. L. Fishman, RESEARCH
"Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: ARTICLE
A link with posthypnotic amnesia," Journal of
Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 58-72 (1983)
28) R. E. Geiselman, D. P. MacKinnon, C. Jaenicke, RESEARCH
D. L. Fishman, B. Larner, S. Schoenberg, and ARTICLE
S. Swartz, "Mechanisms of hypnotic and
non-hypnotic forgetting," Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 9, 626-
635 (1983)
29) R. E. Geiselman et al., "An empirical evaluation RESEARCH
of mnemonic instruction for remembering names," ARTICLE
Human Learning, 3, 1-7 (1984)
30) R. E. Geiselman et al., "Enhancement of RESEARCH
eyewitness memory: Empirical evaluation of the ARTICLE
cognitive interview," Journal of Police Science
and Administration, 12, 74-80 (1984)
31) R. P. Fisher, R. E. Geiselman, D. P. MacKinnon, RESEARCH
and H. L. Holland, "Hypnotic and cognitive NOTE
interviews to enhance the memory of eyewitnesses
to crime," International Journal of Investigative
and Forensic Hypnosis, 7-10 (1984)
32) R. E. Geiselman, N. A. Haight, and L. G. Kimata, RESEARCH
"Context effects on the perceived physical ARTICLE
attractiveness of faces," Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology, 20, 409-424 (1984)
33) D. P. MacKinnon, R. E. Geiselman, and J. A. RESEARCH
Woodward, "The effects of effort on Stroop ARTICLE
interference," Acta Psychologica, 58, 225-235
(1985)
34) R. E. Geiselman and Behrooz Bagheri, RESEARCH
"Repetition effects in directed forgetting: ARTICLE
Evidence for retrieval inhibition," Memory &
Cognition, 13, 57-62 (1985)
35) R. E. Geiselman, R. P. Fisher, D. P. MacKinnon, RESEARCH
and H. L. Holland, "Eyewitness memory ARTICLE
enhancement in the police interview: Cognitive
retrieval mnemonics versus hypnosis," Journal of
Applied Psychology, 70, 401-412 (1985)
36) R. E. Geiselman, "Motivational constructs in RESEARCH
encoding and forgetting," In G. d'Ydewalle (Ed), ARTICLE
Cognition, Information Processing, and Motivation,
North Holland Publishers, 3, 525-533 (1985)
37) R. E. Geiselman, V. E. Rabow, S. L. Wachtel, and RESEARCH
D. P. MacKinnon, "Strategy control in ARTICLE
intentional forgetting," Human Learning, 4, 169-
178 (1985)
38) R. E. Geiselman and T. Panting, "Personality RESEARCH
correlates of retrieval processes in intentional ARTICLE
and unintentional forgetting," Personality and
individual Differences, 6, 685-691 (1985)
39) M. Shurtleff and R. E. Geiselman, "A human RESEARCH
performance based evaluation of topographic maps ARTICLE
and map symbols with novice map users,"
Cartographic Journal, 23, 52-55 (1986)
40) R. E. Geiselman and R. P. Fisher, "The cognitive MAGAZINE
interview technique for interviewing victim and ARTICLE
witnesses of crime," The National Sheriff,
October, 54-56 (1985)
41) R. E. Geiselman and M. Neilsen, "Cognitive MAGAZINE
memory retrieval techniques," The Police Chief, ARTICLE
March, 69-70 (1986)
42) R. E. Geiselman, R. P. Fisher, G. Cohen, H. L. RESEARCH
Holland, and L. Surtes, "Eyewitness responses ARTICLE
to leading and misleading questions under the
cognitive interview," Journal of Police Science
and Administration, 14, 31-39 (1986)
43) D. Florence and R. E. Geiselman, "A human RESEARCH
performance evaluation of alternative graphic ARTICLE
display symbologies," Perceptual and Motor
Skills, 63, 399-406 (1986)
44) R. E. Geiselman, B. M. Landee, and M. G. Samet, RESEARCH
"A selective call-up system for managing ARTICLE
tactical information on graphic displays," IEEE
Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics,
16, 901-908 (1986)
45) R. E. Geiselman, R. P. Fisher, D. P. MacKinnon, RESEARCH
and H. L. Holland, "Eyewitness memory ARTICLE
enhancement with the cognitive interview,"
American Journal of Psychology, 99, 385-401 (1986)
46) R. E. Geiselman, "Improving eyewitness memory BOOK
through mental reinstatement of context," In CHAPTER
G. Davies and D. Thomson (Eds.), Memory in
context: Context in memory, John Wiley & Sons.
245-265 (1988)
47) R. E. Geiselman and H. R. Machlovitz, RESEARCH
"Methodological factors affect the success of ARTICLE
hypnosis memory recall," American Journal of
Forensic Psychology, 1, 37-46 (1987)
48) Item 35 was reprinted in its entirety in: RESEARCH
L. Wrightsman, C. Willis, and S. Kassin (Eds.), ARTICLE
"On the witness stand: Controversies in the
Courtroom" Sage Publications (1987)
49) L. Mende, D. P. MacKinnon, and R. E. Geiselman, RESEARCH
"Memory for license plates as a function of ARTICLE
exposure time," Journal of Police Science and
Administration, 15, 68-71 (1987)
50) R. P. Fisher, R. E. Geiselman, and D. S. Raymond, RESEARCH
"Critical Analysis of Police Interview ARTICLE
Techniques," Journal of Police Science and Admini-
stration, 15, 177-184 (1987)
51) R. E. Geiselman, "The cognitive interview PROSECUTOR'S
techniques for interviewing victims and BRIEF
witnesses of crime," Prosecutor's Brief;
Spring, 18-20 (1987)
52) R. P. Fisher, R. E. Geiselman, D. S. Raymond RESEARCH
L. M. Jurkevich, and M. L. Warhaftig, ARTICLE
"Enhancing enhanced eyewitness memory: Refining
the cognitive interview," Journal of Police
Science and Administration, 15, 291-297 (1987)
53) R. P. Fisher, and R. E. Geiselman, "Enhancing CHAPTER:
eyewitness memory with the cognitive interview," EDITED
In M.M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris, & R.N. Sykes BOOK OF
(Eds.), Practical Aspects of Memory: Current PROCEED-
research and issues. John Wiley & Sons. 525-534 INGS
(1988).
-- reprinted in R.P. Honeck (Ed.), Introductory BOOK
readings for Cognitive Psychology (2nd Ed.), ENTRY
Dushkin Publishing Co. (1994).
54) A. Memon, R. Dionne, L. Short, S. Marliani, D.P. RESEARCH
MacKinnon, and R. E. Geiselman, "Psychological ARTICLE
factors in the use of photospreads," Journal of
Police Science and Administration, 16, 62-69
(1988)
55) D. P. MacKinnon, K. E. O'Reilly, and R. E. RESEARCH
Geiselman, "Improving eyewitness recall for ARTICLE
license plates," Applied Cognitive Psychology,
4, 129-140 (1990)
56) R. P. Fisher, R. E. Geiselman, and M. Amador, RESEARCH
"Field test of the cognitive interview: Enhancing ARTICLE
the recollection of actual victims and witnesses
of crime" Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 722-
727 (1989)
57) D. L. Green, and R. E. Geiselman, "Building RESEARCH
composite facial images: Effects of feature ARTICLE
saliency and delay of construction," Journal of
Applied Psychology, 74, 714-721 (1989)
58) R. E. Geiselman, and R. P. Fisher, "The cognitive BOOK
interview technique for victims and witnesses CHAPTER
of crime," In D. Raskin (Ed.), Psychological
methods in investigation; Springer Publishing
Co. 191-216 (1989)
59) R. E. Geiselman, and J. Padilla, "Cognitive RESEARCH
interviewing with child witnesses," Journal of ARTICLE
Police Science and Administration, 16, 236-242
(1988)
60) R. E. Geiselman and R. Callot, "Reverse and RESEARCH
forward order recall of script-based text," ARTICLE
Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4,
141-144 (1990)
61) B. Paley and R. E. Geiselman: "The effects of RESEARCH
alternative photospread instructions on suspect ARTICLE
identification performance," American Journal
of Forensic Psychology, 7, 3-13 (1989)
62) C. L. Brown and R. E. Geiselman, "Eyewitness RESEARCH
testimony of mentally retarded: Effects of the ARTICLE
cognitive interview," Journal of Police and
Criminal Psychology, 6, 14-22 (1990)
63) R. Blonstein and R. E. Geiselman, "Effects of RESEARCH
witnessing conditions and expert witness ARTICLE
testimony on credibility of an eyewitness,"
American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 8, 11-19
(1990)
64) R. H. Ryan, and R. E. Geiselman, "Effects of RESEARCH
biased information on the relationship between ARTICLE
eyewitness confidence and accuracy," Bulletin
of the Psychonomic Society, 29, 7-9 (1991)
65) M.G. Latts, and R.E. Geiselman, "Interviewing REVIEW
survivors of rape," Journal of Police and ARTICLE
Criminal Psychology, 7, 8-17 (1991)
66) R.P. Fisher and R.E. Geiselman, "Memory AUTHORED
enhancement techniques for investigative BOOK
interviews: The cognitive interview," Springfield,
Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishers. (1992)
67) R. E. Geiselman, "Hypnosis and memory," In L. HANDBOOK
Squire (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Learning and Memory. ENTRY
New York: MacMillan Publ. Co. (1992)
68) K.J. Saywitz, R.E. Geiselman, and G.K. Bornstein, RESEARCH
"Effects of cognitive interviewing and practice ARTICLE
on children's recall performance," Journal of
Applied Psychology, 77, 744-756. (1992)
69) MacKinnon, D.P., A. Stacey, L. Nohre, & R.E. RESEARCH
Geiselman, "Effects of processing depth on memory ARTICLE
for the alcohol warning label." Proceedings of
the Human Factors Society, 1, 538-542. (1992)
-- reprinted in K.R. Laughery, M.S. Wogalter, & S.L.
Young (Eds.), Human factors perspectives on
warnings. Human factors & Ergonomics Society.
70) R. E. Geiselman, Karen J. Saywitz, and Gail K. BOOK
Bornstein, "Effects of cognitive questioning, CHAPTER
techniques on children's recall performance,"
In G. Goodman and B. Bottoms (Eds.), Understanding
and improving children's testimony: Developmental,
clinical, and legal issues. New York: Guilford
Publ. (pp. 71-94) (1993)
71) C. Yu, & R.E. Geiselman "Effects of constructing RESEARCH
Identi-kit composites on photospread ARTICLE
identification performance." Criminal Justice and
Behavior, 20, 280-292. (1993)
72) Y.Y. Chen, & R.E. Geiselman "Effects of RESEARCH
stereotyping and ethnically-related cognitive ARTICLE
biases on eyewitness recollections of height."
American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 11, 13-
20. (1993)
73) T. Luu & R.E. Geiselman "Cognitive retrieval RESEARCH
techniques and order of feature construction in ARTICLE
the formation of composite facial images." Journal
of Police and Criminal Psychology, 9, 34-39. (1993)
74) R.P. Fisher, M.R. McCauley, & R.E. Geiselman BOOK
"Improving eyewitness testimony with the cognitive CHAPTER
interview." In D. Ross, J.D. Read, & M. Toglia
(Eds.), Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends
and developments. London: Cambridge University
Press. (pp. 245-269) (1994)
75) R.E. Geiselman, A. MacArthur, & S. Meerovitch RESEARCH
"Transference of perpetrator roles in eyewitness ARTICLE
identifications from photarrays." American Journal
of Forensic Psychology, 11, 1-11. (1994)
76) D.H. Wedell, A. Parducci, & R.E. Geiselman (1987- RESEARCH
-overlooked before). "A formal analysis of ARTICLE
ratings of physical attractiveness: Successive
contact and simultaneous assimilation." Journal
of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 230-249.
77) Geiselman, R.E., Taras, L., Schaap, R., & RESEARCH
Woodruff, N. "Recall of constituent elements from ARTICLE
multiple episodes of an event using the cognitive
interview." Journal of Police and Criminal
Psychology, 10, 1-5. (1994)
78) Lee, T. & Geiselman, R.E. "Recall of perpetrator RESEARCH
height as a function of eyewitness and perpetrator ARTICLE
ethnicity." Psychology, Crime & Law, 1, 1-9.
(1994)
79) Geiselman, R.E. "Eyewitness expert testimony." AUTHORED
Laguna Beach, CA: American College of Forensic BOOK
Psychology Press. (130 pages) (1994)
80) Geiselman, R.E. "Providing eyewitness expert REVIEW
testimony in Los Angeles." Expert Evidence, 3, ARTICLE
9-15. (1994)
81) Geiselman, R.E. "Intersections of psychology, EDITED
psychiatry, and law: Readings in forensic BOOK
science. Laguna Beach, CA: American College of
Forensic Psychology Press. (240 pages) (1994)
82) Geiselman, R.E., Lam, L., Lee, T., & Yu, C. RESEARCH
"Recall of perpetrator height and weight by Asian ARTICLE
and Caucasian eyewitnesses." Journal of Police
and Criminal Psychology. 10, 31-34 (1995)
83) Geiselman, R.E., Haghighi, D., & Stown, R. RESEARCH
"Unconscious transference and characteristics of ARTICLE
accurate and inaccurate eyewitnesses." Psychology,
Crime, and Law, 2, 131-141. (1996)
84) Ramirez, G., Zemba, D., & Geiselman, R.E. RESEARCH
"Judge's cautionary instructions on eyewitness ARTICLE
testimony." American Journal of Forensic
Psychology. 14, 31-66 (1996)
85) Geiselman, R.E. "Eyewitness expert testimony." AUTHORED
Laguna Beach, CA: American College of Forensic BOOK
Psychology Press. (186 pages) (1996) - 2ND ED.
86) Geiselman, R.E. "On the use and efficacy of the REVIEW
cognitive interview." PSYCHOLOQUY, 7(6). PAPER -
witness-memory.x.geiselman. (1996) ELCTRNC
87) Teitelbaum, S., & Geiselman, R.E. "Observer mood RESEARCH
and cross-racial recognition of faces." Journal of ARTICLE
Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 93-106 (1997).
88) Geiselman, R.E. & Fisher, R.P. "Ten years of BOOK
cognitive interviewing." In D. Payne & F. Conrad CHAPTER
(Eds.) Intersections in basic and applied memory
research. New York: Lawrence Earlbaum (1997)
(pp 291-310)
89) Geiselman, R.E. "Vittime e testimoni oculari REVIEW
depongono." KOS: Revista di medicina, cultura e ARTICLE
scienze umane. (March, 1997, pp. 14-19).
90) Firment, K., & Geiselman, R.E. "University RESEARCH
students' attitudes and perceptions of the death ARTICLE
penalty." American Journal of Forensic Psychology.
15, 1-25. (1997)
91) Phillips, M., Geiselman, R.E., Haghighi, D., & RESEARCH
Lin, C. "Some boundary conditions for bystander ARTICLE
misidentification." Criminal Justice and Behavior.
24, 370-390 (1997)
92) Geiselman, R.E. "Intersections of Psychology, EDITED
Psychiatry, and Law" - Vol II. American College of BOOK
Forensic Psychology Press. Balboa Island: CA.
(1997)
93) Erian, M., Lin, C., Neal, A., & Geiselman, R.E. RESEARCH
"Juror verdicts as a function of victim and ARTICLE
defendant attractiveness is sexual assault cases."
American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 16, 25-40.
(1998)
94) Saywitz, K. & Geiselman, R.E. "Techniques for BOOK
maximizing completeness while minimizing errors in CHAPTER
children's recall of events. In S. Lynn & K.M. McConkey
(Eds.), Truth in memory. New York: Guilford (pp. 190-226).
(1998)
95) Geiselman, R.E. “Commentary on recent research with the COMMENTARY
the Cognitive Interview.” Psychology, Crime, & Law, 5, (special issue)
197-202. (1999)
96) Geiselman, R.E., Schroppel, T., Tubridy, A., Konishi, T. RESEARCH
& Rodriguez, V. “Objectivity bias in eyewitness ARTICLE
performance.” Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, 323-
332. (2000)
97) Geiselman, R.E., Tubridy, A., Blumkin, R., Schroppel, T., RESEARCH
Turner, L., Yoakum, K., & Young, N. “Benton facial ARTICLE
recognition test scores: Index of eyewitness accuracy.”
American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 19, 1-25.
(2001)
98) Geiselman, R.E., Tubridy, A., Barroso, A., McClean, R., RESEARCH
Mozafarian, M., & Zoumberakis, H. “Benton facial ARTICLE
recognition test scores: Their effects on juror verdicts.”
American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 19, 26-54.
(2001)
99) Geiselman, R.E., Putman, C., Korte, R., & Jachimowicz, G. RESEARCH
“Eyewitness expert testimony and juror decisions,” American ARTICLE
Journal of Forensic Psychology, 20, 1-16. (2002)
100) Geiselman, R.E. (Editor) “The psychology of murder: EDITED
Readings in forensic science,” American College of BOOK
Forensic Psychology Press. Balboa Island: CA. (2003)
101) Geiselman, R.E., and Mendez, B.M. “Assistance to the RESEARCH
Fact finder: Eyewitness expert testimony versus attorneys’ ARTICLE
closing arguments,” American Journal of Forensic
Psychology, 23, 1-11. (2005)
102) Geiselman, R.E. (Editor) “Intersections of psychology, EDITED
Psychiatry, and Law (Vol 3),” American College of Forensic BOOK
Psychology Press. Balboa Island: CA. (2006)
103) Lee, B, Alavez, M., Cameron, L., Conway, B., & RESEARCH
Geiselman, R.E. “Timing of eyewitness expert testimony ARTICLE
within a trial,” American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry,
28, 41-58. (2007)
104) Geiselman, R.E., Keesler, M., Emrani, M. & Yu, J. “Juror RESEARCH
verdict predicted from a four-item voir-dire question ARTICLE
battery,” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 29, 1-14
(2008).
105) McCormack, T., Ashkar, A., Hunt, A., Chang, E., RESEARCH
Silberkleit, G., & Geiselman, R.E. “Indicators of deception ARTICLE
in an oral narrative: Which are more reliable?” American
Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 30, 49-56. (2009).
106) Fisher, R.P., & Geiselman, R.E. “The cognitive THEORETICAL
interview method of conducting police interviews: ARTICLE
Eliciting extensive information and promoting therapeutic
jurisprudence.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry,
33, 321-328 (2010).
107) Geiselman, R.E. “Research note: Rest and eyewitness RESAERCH
memory recall.” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, NOTE
28, 65-69 (2010).
108) Geiselman, R.E., Elmgren, S., Green, C., & Rystad, I. RESEARCH
“Training laypersons to detect deception in oral narratives ARTICLE
and exchanges.” American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry,
32, 1-22 (2011).
109) Wilson, J.F. & Geiselman, R.E. “Training for the aftermath THEORETICAL
of an officer involved shooting.” The ILEETA Use of Force ARTICLE
Journal, 11, 24-28 (2011).
110) Geiselman, R.E. “The Cognitive Interview for Suspects RESEARCH
(CIS).” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 30, 1-12 ARTICLE
(2012).
111) Geiselman, R.E., Wilson, J.F., Artwohl, A., & Lewinsky, B. BOOK
“Conducting the investigative interviews.” In E. Kapelsohn CHAPTER
(Ed.), Officer involved shootings. Peregrine Press (in press,
2015).
112) Geiselman, R.E., Musarra, E., Berezovskaya , N., Lustig, C.,
& Elmgren, S. (2013). “Training laypersons to detect deception RESEARCH
in oral narratives and exchanges - II.” American Journal of ARTICLE
Forensic Psychology, 31, 1-15.
113) Geiselman, R.E. & Fisher, R.P. (2014). “Interviewing INVITED
witnesses and victims.” In M. St-Yves (Ed), Investigative BOOK CHAPTER
interviewing: Handbook of Best Practices. Thomson Reuters
Publishers: Toronto. (2014).
114) Leps, C.H. & Geiselman, R.E. (2014). “An interview protocol RESEARCH
of experienced human intelligence collectors and counterintelligence ARTICLE
agents: Implications for research.” American Journal of Forensic
Psychology, 1-24.
115) Dando, C., Geiselman, R.E., MacLeod, N., & Griffiths, A. INVITED
(2015). “Interviewing adult witnesses (including vulnerable BOOK CHAPTER
witnesses).” In Gavin Oxburgh (Ed.), Communication in
Forensic Contexts: An International Handbook of Psychology
and Linguistics. John Wiley and Sons. (2015).
116) Geiselman, R.E., Wilson, J., & Artwohl, A. (2016). In Darrell Ross (Ed.), Conducting the
investigative interviews. In Ross, D. & Vilke, G.M. (Eds.), Guidelines for investigating
officer-involved shootings, arrest-related deaths, and deaths I n custody. Routledge: New
York.
117) Fisher, R.P. & Geiselman, R.E. (2017). Investigative interviewing. In Van Hasselt, V.B. &
Bourke, M. (Eds.), Handbook of behavioral criminology: Contemporary strategies and issues.
B. Technical Reports
1) R. E. Geiselman, B. M. Lande, and M. G. Samet, TECHNICAL
"Graphic portrayal of military information: A REPORT
selective annotated bibliography for tactical
symbology," U.S. Army Research Institute technical
report (January, 1979).
2) R. E. Geiselman, and M. G. Samet, "Information TECHNICAL
summarization in a corps-level scenario," U.S. REPORT
Army Research Institute technical report (October,
1979).
3) B. M. Landee, R. E. Geiselman, and C. S. Clark, TECHNICAL
"Military symbology: A user community survey," REPORT
U.S. Army Research Institute technical report
(April, 1981).
4) T. D. Wickens, R. E. Geiselman, M. G. Samet, and TECHNICAL
C. Yelvington, "Mental representation of circuit REPORT
diagrams: Individual differences in structural
knowledge," Office of Naval Research technical
report (September, 1982).
5) J. R. Thompson, R. Hopf-Weichel, and R. E. TECHNICAL
Geiselman, "The cognitive bases of intelligence REPORT
analysis," U.S. Army Research Institute technical
report (July, 1983).
6) R. E. Geiselman, M. G. Samet, and T. D. Wickens, TECHNICAL
"Mental representation of circuit diagrams," REPORT
Office of Naval Research technical report
(October, 1984).
7) R. E. Geiselman, and R. P. Fisher, "Interviewing RESEARCH
victims and witnesses of crime," U.S. Department BRIEF
of Justice research brief (December, 1985),
distributed to all major police departments in US.
8) R. P. Fisher, and R. E. Geiselman, "Evaluation RESEARCH
and field implementation of the cognitive BRIEF
interview," U.S. Department of Justice research
brief (April, 1988), distributed to law enforcement
agencies nationwide.
9) R. E. Geiselman, K. J. Saywitz, and G. K. TECHNICAL
Bornstein, "Cognitive questioning techniques for REPORT
child victims and witnesses of crime," State
Justice Institute Final Report (April, 1990),
distributed to jurisdictions nationwide.
10) R. E. Geiselman, K. J. Saywitz, and G. K. TECHNICAL
Bornstein, "Effects of cognitive interviewing, REPORT &
practice, and interview style on children's recall RESEARCH
performance," National Institute of Justice Final BRIEF
Report (1991) & Research Brief (1992), distributed
to law enforcement agencies nationwide.
11) D.W. Willard, R.E. Geiselman et al., “Deviation TECHNICAL
assessment and response training curriculum REPORT
development project (DART),” LA Metro Transport
Authority (2009), joint project of MTA, LASD, DHS,
& UCLA.
Media Coverage of the Researach
Los Angeles Times
Reuters
US News and World Report
Times of India
MSNBC
FOX
Forbes Magazine
Asian News International
World Science News
Police One
Force Science News
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