CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE · JOURNAL …

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE ? JOURNAL CANADIEN DE L'HYGI?NE DENTAIRE THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN DENTAL HYGIENISTS ASSOCIATION

OCTOBER 2018 ? VOL. 52, NO. 3

Language interpreters for immigrant clients in a dental hygiene clinic

Critical thinking in dental hygiene education Essential elements for the reintroduction of

dental therapy abilities in Canada Silver diamine fluoride and its implications

for dental hygiene practice

EDITORIAL

A new classification of periodontal diseases

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Scientific Editor Salme Lavigne, PhD, RDH

Vancouver, British Columbia

Editorial Board Joanna Asadoorian, PhD, RHD

George Brown College, Toronto Arlynn Brodie, BPE, MHS, RDH

University of Alberta Ava Chow, PhD, RDH

University of Alberta Jane Forrest, EdD, RDH

University of Southern California, Los Angeles JoAnn Gurenlian, PhD, RDH

Idaho State University Harold A Henson, PhD, RDH

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Zul Kanji, EdD, RDH University of British Columbia Denise Laronde, PhD, RDH University of British Columbia Christina O Lengyel, PhD, RD University of Manitoba Jocelyne Long, BSc, MA L'?le-Perrot, Quebec Rae McFarlane, MEd, RDH University of British Columbia Ann Spolarich, PhD, RDH AT Still University (Arizona) Jeanie Suvan, PhD, RDH University College London Sylvia Todescan, DDS, DipPerio, PhD University of Manitoba Karen B Williams, PhD, RDH University of Missouri-Kansas City

Publisher Canadian Dental Hygienists Association 1122 Wellington St W, Ottawa, ON K1Y 2Y7 Tel: 613-224-5515 or 1-800-267-5235 Fax: 613-224-7283; Email: journal@cdha.ca

Managing Editor Megan Sproule-Jones, MA

Production Mike Roy, Tim Logan, Daniel Bianchi

Advertising Peter Greenhough Media Partners Inc. 647-955-0060 ext. 101 or pgreenhough@pgmpi.ca

?2018 CDHA. All material subject to this copyright may be photocopied or downloaded from cdha.ca/cjdh for non-commercial scientific or educational purposes. All uses of journal content must include a bibliographic citation, including author(s), article title, journal name, year, volume and page numbers, and URL.

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ISSN 1712-171X (Print); ISSN 1712-1728 (Online)

Canada Post Publications Mail agreement #40063062. Return undeliverables to CDHA, 1122 Wellington St W, Ottawa, ON K1Y 2Y7

The mission of the Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is to publish high-quality, credible, and accessible research to inform practice, education and policy, and promote the oral

health and well-being of the public.

CONTENTS

OCTOBER 2018 VOL. 52, NO. 3

EDITORIAL

A new classification of periodontal diseases: A paradigm

shift for all!

163

SE Lavigne, JL Forrest

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

The use of language interpreters for immigrant

clients in a dental hygiene clinic

167

HJ Doucette, KS Haslam, KC Zelmer, MS Brillant

Critical thinking in dental hygiene education:

Examining student perception

174

HM Symons

Essential elements for the reintroduction of

dental therapy abilities in Canada

182

S Sunell, AE Wright, BK Udahl, P Benbow

POSITION PAPER AND STATEMENT

Effectiveness, safety, and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride

therapy and its implications for dental hygiene practice:

Position paper and statement from

the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association

192

JW Farmer, S Singhal, L Dempster, C Qui?onez

CJDH STUDENT ESSAY AWARD WINNER

Understanding the factors influencing the Aboriginal

health care experience

208

A Ashworth

BOOK REVIEW

Community Oral Health Practice for the Dental

Hygienist, 4th edition

215

Reviewed by C Madsen

INFORMATION

Index to volume 52

220

CFDHRE Call for nominations

233

CJDH Research awards

233

Advertisers' index

235

Invitation for authors

235

The Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the official peer-reviewed publication of the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association (CDHA). Published in February, June, and October, the journal invites submissions of original research, literature reviews, case studies, and short communications of scientific and professional interest to dental hygienists and other oral health professionals. Bilingual Guidelines for Authors are available at cdha.ca/cjdh.

All editorial matter in the journal represents the views of the authors and not necessarily those of CDHA or its board of directors. CDHA cannot guarantee the authenticity of the reported research. Advertisements in the journal do not imply endorsement or guarantee by CDHA of the product, service, manufacturer or provider.

CJDH is indexed in the following databases: CINAHL; EBSCOhost; ProQuest; Scopus; Thomson Gale

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EDITORIAL Editorial

A new classification of periodontal diseases: A paradigm shift for all!

Salme E Lavigne*, PhD, RDH; Jane L Forrest?, EdD, RDH

We were both privileged to attend the recent EuroPerio conference, the largest periodontal conference in the world, held in Amsterdam in June 2018. With over 10,000 attendees from around the globe, the conference high point was the presentation of the work undertaken by the 110 experts who participated in the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, resulting in a new classification of these diseases that is important for all dental hygiene professionals. Given that Salme E Lavigne the former classification was almost two decades old (1999), it was truly time for a change and to recognize new knowledge along with its implications.

The modifications to the classification system required an extensive review and interpretation of the scientific literature by experts in 4 separate working groups: periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions; periodontitis; manifestations of systemic diseases and conditions; and peri-implant diseases and conditions. Once work began, it was recognized that "severity" was not simply the presence of plaque, as every Jane L Forrest client is not the same. Classifying disease based on plaque microbes was also found not to be viable given the recent Human Microbiome Project that has revealed the presence of over 1,000 oral microbes and has introduced the concept that symbiosis is destroyed when biofilm accumulates, creating a dysbiosis. Secondary descriptors such as extent, rate of progression, diagnostic biomarkers, and patient outcomes were also considered. However, once the working groups looked at the evidence, they agreed that the new system must first be designed to prevent overtreatment and thus they created "case definitions" for each of the periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions.

One notable change to the classification system was prompted by the recognition that there is no evidence to justify the distinction between chronic and aggressive periodontitis as separate diseases. Both are now found under the single category of "periodontitis." Additionally, the working groups added the category of "periodontal health," which was not previously included. However, necrotizing diseases and periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease remain the same. Overall, the new classification is very different from the previous version as the periodontitis category is based on the oncology system of "staging" and "grading" of disease. Staging classifies both severity and extent of current tissue loss, including tooth loss due to periodontitis, while also incorporating the level of complexity in the long-term management of both function and esthetics. In contrast, grading incorporates 4 other biological dimensions: history-based periodontitis progression; risk for further periodontitis progression; anticipated inferior treatment outcomes; and risk that the disease or its treatment may have a negative impact on the general health of the client. This system is aligned with the principles of "personalized medicine" based on the multifactorial etiology, and is believed to optimize care and improve prognosis while being adaptable over time. The presentation concluded with a 4-step practical approach to implementing the new classification for periodontitis1:

Step 1: Prepare an initial overview of the case--based on full mouth radiographs, full mouth probing depths, and missing teeth to first categorize either mild to moderate periodontitis or severe/very severe periodontitis.

*Scientific editor, Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene

?Director, National Center for Dental Hygiene Research and Practice

Correspondence: Dr. Salme Lavigne; scientificeditor@cdha.ca

?2018 Canadian Dental Hygienists Association

Can J Dent Hyg 2018;52(3): 163-165 163

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