14-1 – Geography and Early Cultures pages 384-389
3-2 – Declaring Independence- Pages 83-85
Essential Question: What factors made the colonies formally declare their independence from Great Britain?
Main Idea 1:
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense led many colonists to support independence.
▪ Common Sense: 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, published in January 1776
▪ Urged separation from Great Britain
▪ Argued that citizens, not monarchs, should make laws
▪ He felt people had a natural right to govern themselves.
▪ Argued for economic freedom and the right to military self-defense
▪ Cried out against tyranny, the abuse of government power
▪ Reached a wide audience, selling some 500,000 copies
▪ Common Sense inspired colonial leaders to challenge British authority.
▪ Thomas Paine’s ideas were considered bold at the time.
▪ Most of the world was still ruled by monarchs.
Declaration of Independence
▪ Many colonial leaders agreed with Thomas Paine’s ideas.
▪ It inspired them to challenge British authority.
▪ Ideas that developed during the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening influenced the colonists’ view of government.
▪ Colonists began to desire political equality.
▪ The phrase, “Taxation without representation” was important to the revolutionary cause.
▪ Colonists did not wish to support a government in which they had no voice.
▪ Second Continental Congress created a committee in June 1776 to write a document declaring independence
▪ Thomas Jefferson was main author
▪ Jefferson felt the colonists had the right to break away from Great Britain.
▪ Great Britain did not protect the rights of the colonists.
▪ Declaration of Independence formally announced break with Great Britain
▪ Approved on July 7, 1776
Main Idea 2:
Colonists had differing reactions to the Declaration of Independence.
Patriots
• Patriots chose to fight for independence.
• About 40 to 45 percent of Americans were Patriots
Loyalists
• Loyalists, sometimes called Tories, remained loyal to Britain.
• Felt the colonies did not need independence.
• About 20 to 30 percent of Americans were Loyalists.
Neutral
• About 25 percent of Americans remained neutral.
Other Reactions to Declaration
▪ Declaration ignored many colonists
▪ Did not address the rights of women
▪ Did not recognize the rights of enslaved African Americans
▪ The Declaration of Independence raised questions about slavery because its message was not consistent with the practice of slavery.
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