Microsoft Word - 2011 KCSE MATUNGU HISTO 1.DOC - KCPE-KCSE



MATUNGU DISTRICT JOINT EVALUATION TEST HISTORY 311/1 marking scheme JULY/AUGUST 2011 1. State two disadvantages of relying on oral traditions as a source of history. ability to remember facts may fail. information may be distorted. It may have biases. Information may change over a period of time (2x1 =2mks) 2. Identify two cultural practices which the Agikuyu acquires from the Kamba (i) Circumcision. (ii) Age set. (2x1 =2mks) What was the original homeland of the Eastern cushites. Ethiopian Highlands. (1mk) What is the basic of the classification of the Nilotic communities in Kenya? The type of environment each group preferred. (1mk) Give two evidences which suggest that there were trade links between East African coast and the outside world. Remains of Asratic items e.g pottery. written evidence e.g periplus of the erythrean sea. Remains of Greek and Chinese coins. (2x1 =2mks) 6. State two economic benefits of the Omans rule along the Kenyan cost during 19th century. (i) led to expansion of trade. led to establishment of clove plantations. led to increased Arab settlement. led to expansion of trade in the interior. (2x1 =2mks) 7. Name the missionary society that established a home for feed slaves at the Kenyan coast in the 19th century. The church missionary society. (1x1) (1mk) 8. Give one way in which rural to rural migrations in Kenya contribute, to national unity. (i) Promotes inter ethnic integration. (ii) Promotes peaceful coexistence (1x1) (1mk) Identify the main reason why the British government brought in the Indian coolies to construct the Kenya – Uganda railway. Africans lacked technical skills. (1x1) (1mk) Give two reasons why independent schools were established in Kenya during the colonial period. (i) Give more opportunities for formal education to Africans (ii) Preserve African cultural identity. Facilitate introduction of a more academic curriculum for Africans. Provide job opportunities for African teachers. Address discrimination in education system. (2x1) (2mks) 11. What ws the main ideological difference between KANU and KADU before independence in 1963? KANU favored unitarism while KADU favoured federalism. (1x1) (1mk) 12. State two provisions of the independence constitution of Kenya. Provided for a federal government. Provided for the position of a prime minister. provided for an executive president. provided two houses of parliament. Interest of the minorities were to be safeguarded. 2x1 (2mks) 13. Give one way in which a person may become a member of parliament in Kenya (i) Through election. Through nomination. Through holding exofficial office. 1x1 (2mks) 14. State one contribution of the Harambee movement to the development of Health services in Kenya. led to construction of health centers. Mobilized people to purchase drugs for the needy. Helped people to seek for specialized treatment. Motivated medical personnel to offer free medical services. 1x1 =1mk) 15. Who is the head of the judiciary in Kenya? The chief justice. 1x1 (1mk) Give two factors which may undermine the effectiveness of the traffic police in Kenya. large number of vehicles on the roads. Poor conditions of many vehicles. Poor remuneration. Corruption/bribery. Lack of public support/confidence. Inadequate facilities. Poor conditions of roads. 2x1 (2mks) a) State three ways through which communities in Kenya interacted during the pre-colonial period. Exchanged goods/through trade. Raided each other. Fought wars Intermarried. 3x1 (3mks) b) Describe the social organization or the Agikuyu during the pre-colonial period. Smallest social unit was the family. Related families formed a clan (mbari) Practiced circumcision for boys or girls. Had an age – set system (irika) made up of bouss/cirb initiated at the same time. Members of an age set worked together. Marriage was highly regarded. Believed in the existence of a supreme God. (viii) Prayed 8 made offerings/sacrifices to God. (ix) Believed in the existence of ancestral sprit, (x) Had sacred places of worship. (xi) Had specialists such as prophets. 6x2 (12mks) a) Outline the stages in the Portuguese conquest of the coastal towns upto 1510. In 1500 pedro Aluares cabial attempted to enquirer sofala. In 1502 vasco da Gama attacked Kilwa and demanded tribute. In 1503 Zanzibar and other towns conquered by Ruy hourencho Rauasco (iv) In 1505 Mombasa and Kilwa were conquered by Francisco D’ (v) Between 1506 – 7 Lamu was conquered by Tristao da Gunha. (vi) 1509 Mafra, Pemba and Zanzibar were brought under Portuguese rule. 8x1 (8mks) (b) Explain five factors that led the decline of the Portuguese rule on the Kenya coast. Decline of Indian Ocean trade denied them revenue. Official were corrupt. Officers were cruel and useless to the Africans. There were constant rebellions against the Portuguese. Combined attacks from the Persians, Arabs and Turias proved formidable for the Portuguese. Stiff competition from British and the Dutch. They had inadequate personnel to effectively manage expansive coast. (viii) They lacked capital to pay the administrators (ix) They lacked administrative skills. (x) Her forceful union with spain reduced her autonomy. 6x2 (12mks) (a) Three economic reasons why Britain colonized Kenay. (i) Establish a reliable market for their manufactured good. To invest surplus capital. To secure source of raw materials. 1x3 (3mks) (b) Explain Six reasons why Kenyan communities were defeated by the British during the establishment of colonial rule. The communities were not united hence easily defeated. They had inferior weapons compared to British superior weapons. The soldiers had little knowledge about the British military tactics. They had been weakened by catastrophes such as famine. The leaders lacked adequate organizational skills of mobilizing people. The British used treachery. The Kenya – Uganda railway facilitated movement of soldiers. African soldiers were demoralized when they saw others being captured and killed. The economic base of the communities was destroyed. 6x2 (12mks) 21. (a) Give five factors led to the development of mult-party democracy in Kenya in the 1990s (i) International pressure on the government for reboms. (ii) Pressure from individuals who had been expelled from KANU (iii) Existence of people who were ready to push for reforms. Introduction of multi-party democracy in other African countries. Discontent within KANU. 3x1 (3mks) (b) Explain how the existence of many parties promotes democracy in Kenay. It promotes freedom of association by providing alternative parties for people. Provides a forum to express their views about how the country should be managed. Makes the country more accountable to the people through constant criticism. Provides checks and balances to abuse to misuse of power by leaders. Provides a system of scrutinizing government expenditure. Makes people feel free to contribute ideas to any aspect of development. Enables people to form political parties without fear. (6x2 =12mks) (a) Name three groups which monitor human right abuse in Kenya. Law enforcement officer. Lawyers and judges. Trade unions. Religious organizations. (3x1 =3mks) (b) Explain Six circumstances which may face the government to limit the rights and freedoms of the individuals. if one is convicted of murder or robbery with violence one will be denied right to life. One can be denied freedom of movement if one is suspected to planning to commit a crime. One can be denied freedom to own property if the government wishes to develop public utilities. Freedom of worship can be limited if one uses it to create disunity. Freedom or assembly can be limited is poses a threat to the state. Ones freedom of speech many be limited if one public false accusations. Ones freedom of movement can be limited if one internal security is threatened. If one has an infection disease one can be denied personal liberty. (6x2 =12mks) a) Identify three parliamentary duties of president. Forms government after elections. To summon parliament. (iii) To open parliament. (iv) To give assent to bill (v) To dissolve parliament. (vi) To prorogue parliament. ( 3x1 =3mks) (b) Six difficulties Jomo Kenyatta faced after becoming the president of Kenya. Persistent lack of funds to run the country. Widespread poverty disease of ignorance. Many Kenyans lacked skill, to provide sufficient manpower. Poor transport and communication system in the country. Divided opinions on land policy. Opposition from KADU over unitary state verses federal state, (vii) Political assassinations e.g Tom Mboya. (viii) Existence of banditry in Northern frontier . (ix) Divided cabinet. a) Three types of taxes paid by Kenyans. Service charge. (ii) Income tax Withholding tax Custom duties/Airport tax (v) Excise duty. (vi) Sales tax/V.A.T ( 3x1 =3mks) (b) Six ways in which the government uses its taxes. Maintaining government facilities. Initiates new developments/projects. Financing recurrent government expenditure. Subsidies public services e.g education. Servicing loans borrowed by government. Financing security expenditure. Paying subscriptions to international bodies. Meeting emergency needs. ( 6x2 =12mks) ................
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