Belle Vernon Area School District



Unit 7 Drugs and Mind Altering SubstancesMs. FitchwellHealthHow do drugs work???Nerve cells in the brain are called ______________. These neurons "talk" to each other by passing chemicals back and forth, just like passing notes in class. The neurons' "notes" are called _________________________, and they are manufactured in vesicles in the nerve cell. Neurotransmitters include serotonin, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, ______________, histamine and about two dozen others. How do drugs work???The nerve cells are separated by a small space called a "____________." When a message moves down the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron, neurotransmitters are released from the vesicle. These ____________ (or ___________) cross the synapse to the post-synaptic neuron, where they bind with receptors specifically designed to receive them, much as a ______ is designed to fit into a specific __________. How do drugs work???Many nerve cells have receptors that are ____________ to various drugs. These drugs operate on the "_______-and-________" principle, where the drug can be thought of as the "key" that either (1) _______ into the "________," causing the nerve cell (neuron) to discharge its ______________, or (2) "_________" the lock, preventing the nerve cell from discharging. How do drugs work???Ex.) -____________ mimic __________ and lock into opiate receptor sites. - _____________________ mimic serotonin - ______________ blocks the re-uptake of neurotransmitters → causing severe _________________ when coming down. - Methamphetamines cause the release of neurotransmitters in ___________ amounts - ___________ mimics anandamide and interferes with the cannabinoid receptor sites. CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS(Psychoactive)___________________- Drugs that speed up activities of the central nervous system (CNS)__________________ (Sedatives)- Psychoactive drugs that slow brain and body reactions.__________________ (Opiates)- natural or synthetic drugs that relieve pain and cause drowsiness.__________________- Drugs that are inhaled or breathed in through the nose to produce the desired effect.______________________- Psychoactive drugs that alter perception, thought, and mood.CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS cont.____________________ Medicines – cannot be used without the written approval of a licensed physician. Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines – you can buy these without a prescriptionPsychoactive Drugs________________________ drugs – those designed to alter a person’s experiences or consciousness. (nicotine, heroin, cocaine, alcohol, steroids, LSD, marijuana) Psychoactive drugs cause intoxication___________________________ – a state in which sometimes unpredictable physical and emotional changes occur. A person who is intoxicated may experience a difference in _____________ and _________________.What is a Drug?_____________– any chemical other than ___________ intended to affect the structure or function of the body.Many people believe that every problem, no matter how large or small, has or should have ___________________ solutions.Examples:For fatigue = ___________________For insomnia = sleeping pillsFor anxiety or boredom (?) = ______________/drugsAvoid Problems / _________Health Consequences of Drug Use__________________ Consequences- Once a drug enters the bloodstream, it can harm a user’s brain, heart lungs, and other vital organs._________________ & Emotional Consequences- drugs cloud reasoning and thinking, and users lose control of their behavior. (lose sight of values)______________ Consequences- substance abuse can have negative effect on relationships with friends and family members. List examples: DRUG USE… A HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR!!Substance abuse is a _________ ________ behavior that includes misusing legal drugs or using illegal drugs or other chemicalsPeople abuse drugs for a number of reasons, none of them _______________! __________________ - the highest percentage of use is with people between the ages of 18-25Why do teenagers abuse drugs???A way to be ________________ with peersInfluenced by the _____________CuriousA way of rebellingEscape __________________ What is the difference between drug use and abuse?__________________Using the drug incorrectly due to ________________Taking the drug with the wrong foodStopping the drug too soon___________________Intentionally misusing the drug normally for a _____________ effectDangers of substance abuseSide Effects can range from minor to _______________. Illegal drugs can be especially dangerous because there are no ____________ or means of _________________ these substances for quality, purity, or strength.Physical and just as commonly Psychological effects can last a ____________________!Dangers of drug abuse _________________– A strong or fatal reaction to taking a large amount of drug. Often, overdoses occur when alcohol and other drugs are combined. When drug abuse involves injecting substances through a needle, ___________________ or _________ can occurPeople who experiment with drugs tend to lose control…can lead to ___________ or ___________________STIMULANTSDrugs which cause the body systems to _____________ _____Very high doses: _______________ heartbeat, tremors, high fever, heart failureHow it enters the body: swallowed, snorted, injectedSTIMULANTS__________________________ People use them illegally to stay _________ and __________, to improve athletic performance, to lose weight, etc. Medical use Treats _______________ childrenTreats narcolepsyUsed for weight controlExamples- ______________, RitalinStimulantsCocaine Powerful stimulant leads to: ________________________EdginessWeight ___________Physiological dependenceCan destroy the nasal septumCan cause heart attacks due to disturbing electrical impulses of the heart. Can occur on the first use!__________________ - a form of cocaine_____________________________Fumes alone can be deadly“Meth Mouth”Experts believe that meth ravages ____________ by drying up saliva and leaving users with “dry mouths.”Without saliva, bacteria in the mouth multiply, leading to ___________. Dentists report that healthy teeth can become ___________ from even a few months of meth use.Long- Term Effects of Meth UseHallucinationsDisorganized lifestyleViolent and _______________ behaviorPermanent psychological problemsBehavior resembling paranoid _______________________Poor coping abilitiesDisturbance of personality developmentLowered resistance to illnessesPossible brain damage________________________Depresses or ____________ down the central nervous system. Medical use: to stop convulsions, relief of tension and _______________, to induce ______________Examples:barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol, methaqualoneHow it enters the body: swallowedSlang names: yellow jackets, ludes, barbs, downers, NARCOTICS (OPIATES)EXTREMELY ______________________ DrugComes from the poppy plant or it is syntheticRavages the body and becomes the primary focus of the addict’s ________A break of only one day can bring on severe withdrawal symptoms – aches, chills, sweating, muscle spasms and weakness. After a break, the usual dose may be an _________________3. NARCOTICS (OPIATES)Medical use: _________ relief, cough suppressant_______________: Morphine, Codeine, Vicodin, Percocet, Oxycontin, Oxycodone, Opium, HeroinHow it enters the body: injected, smoked or inhaledHALLUCINOGENS(Psychedelics)Drugs that distort the senses and cause ______________________Examples:LSD (_________)Psilocybin ______________________MescalinePCP *Could appear as liquid, capsules, powder, blotter paper, thin gelatin squares, mushroomsHallucinogensPCP (angel dust) Considered to be one of the most __________________ of all drugs. The use of PCP as an approved anesthetic in humans was discontinued in 1965 because patients often became agitated, delusional, and irrational while recovering from its anesthetic effects. 4.HallucinogensLSD (__________) LSD “Acid” is odorless, colorless. Often added to absorbent ___________, such as blotter paper, and divided into small decorated squares.Effects are widely unpredictable…. Some users experience severe, terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity and death and despair.Trips are long – 8 hours-multiple days. ANABOLIC STEROIDSPowerful compounds that are similar to the male sex hormone, ___________________. Taken to increase ______________, speed, power.How it enters the body: swallowed, intramuscular _________________INHALANTSDangerous _____________ are concentrated in a bag, on a cloth, etc. and inhaledHow it enters the body: Vapors are inhaled through the nose or mouthA person can go into a ___________ from a single use and be in a vegetable state the rest of his/her lifeMARIJUANAThe dried flowers, leaves, and stems of the cannabis sativa plant.Main active chemical in marijuana is ______. Marijuana’s effects on the user depend on the strength of the THC_____________ is the dark brown resin that is collected from the top of this plant.How it enters the body: Smoked in joints, pipes, bongs, eaten Marijuana EffectsEffects Increased heart rateBloodshot eyesDry mouth and throatIncreased appetiteShort-term memory lossAltered sense of timeDamage to lungs and circulatory systemAlters your senses, coordination, reaction time, and can interrupt your ability to make rational and healthful decisionsCLUB DRUGSAre used by young adults at all-night dance parties such as “raves” or “trances,” dance clubs, and bars.Some club drugs are colorless, tasteless, and odorless. They can be added to ________________ by individuals to intoxicate or sedate others. There has been an increase in reports of club drugs used to commit _____________ __________________.Club Drugs________________ (MDMA) - mind altering drug with hallucinogenic propertiesHealth hazards: psychological difficulties, confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving, severe depression.Physical problems: muscle tension, nausea, blurred vision, chills, sweatingLong term problems: damage to the parts of the brain critical to thought and memoryCLUB DRUGS________ – is odorless and nearly tasteless. Induces a state of relaxationCan be slipped into someone’s drink without detection. Has been reportedly used in cases of date rape.Physical problems: nausea, vomiting, respiratory problems, seizures, comaCLUB DRUGSRohypnol – people may unknowingly be given the drug which, when mixed with alcohol, can incapacitate and prevent a victim from resisting sexual assault.Physical symptoms: sedative-hypnotic effects including muscle relaxation and amnesia.Club DrugsKetamine: “_________ ___” is a powerful hallucinogen that includes visual distortions and a lost sense of time, sense and identity.Profound physical and mental problems including delirium, amnesia, impaired motor function and potentially fatal problemsSpecial K is a powder that is usually snorted but is sometimes sprinkled on tobacco or marijuana and smoked.Signs and Symptoms of Substance AbuseEmotionally/ PersonalityBehaviorallyPhysically/ Physical AppearanceSocial Activity/ School PerformanceEmotional / Personality Effects of Substance AbuseAggressionBurnoutAnxietyDepressionParanoiaDenialWithdraws from family/ FriendsBehavioral Effects of Substance AbuseSlow reaction timeImpaired coordinationSlowed SpeechIrritabilityExcessive TalkingInability to sit stillLimited attention spanPoor motivation Lack of energyPhysical Effects of Substance AbuseWeight LossSweatingChillsPoor HygieneInterrupted sleep patterns < or >Loss of appetiteSocial Activity EffectDrops old friends and activitiesSkipping SchoolLoses interest in school workLow GradesSleeping in classLoses concentrationHaving trouble remembering thingsAddiction – what friends or family members can doMany families, after recognizing that the problem exists, will have an intervention.____________________- the interruption of the addiction continuum before the addict hits bottom. Meetings take place without the addicted person’s knowledge.Second step in this process is a surprise meeting with the addict that forces the addict to face the seriousness of the problem.If addict refuses to recognize the problem, the addict will be given an ultimatum - Wife will move out, etc.RecoveryA process that happens over time -. A recovered person never says “I am cured, but “I am recovering.”The first step in the recovery process is detoxification – the removal of the drug from the body, usually under medical supervisionThis step also includes restoring one’s mental healthMost experts recommend total abstinence__________________ – slips from recovery, or periodic returns to use can happenTreatment optionsSupport group such as AA, narcotics Anonymous, cocaine anonymousDetoxification Units – a person is under a Drs. care and may be given some medication to ease the symptoms of withdrawal_____________ ______________ centers – involves detox and counseling, both individual and groupTreatment options________________ ______________ centers – involves follow up sessions, counseling ______________ houses-people are admitted to this program generally after they have completed at least a 28 day recovery program where they stay for 6 months to a year where they learn coping and living skills they will need when they return to society.Choosing to be Drug Free!Learn to say “no!” *Give a reason (_____ or _________) *Provide alternatives *Use eye contact to say no *Take a definite actionRealize that ____ ________ will solve your problemTalk to trusted friend/counselor, etc.Learn to handle the stress in you life and get help when you need it.Refusal SkillsDeveloping good self-esteem Have good eye contact Respond with a clear and firm "no" that does not leave the door open to future offers________ you say no is as important as _______ you say. Refusal SkillsIdentify the consequences ("We'll get in trouble.") Suggest an alternative -JUST SAY NO- Use Humor ................
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