Key Stage 3 Science - Cambridge University Press & Assessment

[Pages:8]Key Stage 3 Science

9

Andy Cooke Jean Martin

Series editors

Consultant Authors

Andy Cooke Jean Martin

Sam Ellis

David Acaster Trevor Bavage Darren Beardsley Chris Christofi Zoe Crompton Sam Ellis Kevin Frobisher David Glover Helen Norris Jean Martin Sue McCarthy Mick Mulligan Nicky Thomas Doug Wilford

PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarc?n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa

? Cambridge University Press 2003

First published 2003

Printed in the United Kingdom by BemroseBooth

Typeface Delima MT System QuarkXPress?

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 521 75011 3 paperback

Cover design by Blue Pig Design Co Page make-up and illustration by hardlines Ltd, Charlbury, Oxford

NOTICE TO TEACHERS The photocopy masters in this publication may be photocopied free of charge for classroom use within the school or institution which purchases the publication. Worksheets and photocopies of them remain in the copyright of Cambridge University Press and such photocopies may not be distributed or used in any way outside the purchasing institution. Written permission is necessary if you wish to store the material electronically.

Contents

Introduction

Unit 9A Inheritance and selection

9A.1 What information is passed from parents? 9A.2 Why are we similar but not identical? 9A.3 Differences between offspring 9A.4 The right breed for the job 9A.5 How new varieties of plant are produced 9A.6 What is a clone?

Unit 9B Fitness and health

9B.1 Ideas about fitness 9B.2 Breathing in action 9B.3 The dangers of smoking 9B.4 Why your diet is important 9B.5 The use and abuse of drugs 9B.6 Fit for life

Unit 9C Plants and photosynthesis

9C.1 How do plants grow? 9C.2 Leaves and photosynthesis 9C.3 What happens to the glucose made in leaves? 9C.4 Roots, water and minerals 9C.5 Green plants and the environment

Unit 9D Plants for food

9D.1 Where does our food come from? 9D.2 How do fertilisers affect plant growth? 9D.3 Plants out of place 9D.4 Pests 9D.5 Producing more food

Unit 9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds

9E.1 Why are metals useful? 9E.2 Reacting metals with acids 9E.3 Reacting metal carbonates with acids 9E.4 Reacting metal oxides with acids 9E.5 More about salts

Unit 9F Patterns of reactivity

9F.1 What happens to metals? 9F.2 Metals and water 9F.3 Reactivity of metals with acids 9F.4 Metals and oxygen 9F.5 Displacement reactions 9F.6 Sources and uses of metals 9F.7 Investigating metals and acids further

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Spectrum Key Stage 3 Science ? Cambridge University Press 2003

Unit 9G Environmental chemistry

233

9G.1 Are soils different from each other?

233

9G.2 Acid rain

244

9G.3 What causes acid rain?

251

9G.4 Can we reduce the amount of acid in rain?

257

9G.5 Is global warming really happening?

265

Unit 9H Using chemistry

272

9H.1 What chemical reactions take place when fuels burn?

272

9H.2 Chemical reactions as energy resources

290

9H.3 What new materials can chemical reactions make?

298

9H.4 Atoms and molecules in new materials

306

Unit 9I Energy and electricity

322

9I.1 How is energy involved in doing useful things?

322

9I.2 How does electricity transfer energy?

332

9I.3 Paying for and reducing the waste of electricity

343

9I.4 Where do we get electrical energy from?

351

Unit 9J Gravity and space

359

9J.1 What is gravity?

359

9J.2 How have our ideas about the Solar System changed?

367

9J.3 What keeps planets and satellites in orbit?

374

Unit 9K Speeding up

385

9K.1 Describing how fast something moves

385

9K.2 Working out the speed

390

9K.3 Force and speed

395

9K.4 Slowing things down

400

9K.5 Streamlining

408

9K.6 Skydiving and parachutes

413

Unit 9L Pressure and moments

423

9L.1 What is pressure?

423

9L.2 Gases under pressure

433

9L.3 Liquids under pressure

440

9L.4 Turning forces

448

9L.5 Balance and levers

455

Answers to Class Book questions

462

Summary activities

481

Scientific investigations

518

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Spectrum Key Stage 3 Science ? Cambridge University Press 2003

Introduction

9A.1 What information is passed from parents?

Link to QCA scheme of work

This topic links to Unit 9A Learning Objectives, under the heading `What characteristics can be inherited?'

Learning outcomes

ALL pupils should be able to: ? understand that offspring are similar but not identical to parents; ? understand that some characteristics are inherited.

MOST pupils should also be able to: ? describe similarities between parents and offspring; ? identify some inherited characteristics; ? identify features caused by the environment.

SOME pupils should also be able to: ? find examples of, and distinguish between, inherited and environmental characteristics.

Resources map

Support Activity 9A.1a

Main route Class book pp. 1?2

Activity 9A.1b

Extension

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Spectrum Key Stage 3 Science ? Cambridge University Press 2003

9A.1

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