OS X keyboard shortcuts - RNIB - See differently



OS X keyboard shortcutsA keyboard shortcut is a way to invoke a function in OS X by pressing a combination of keys on your keyboard. Learn about common OS X keyboard shortcuts.To use a keyboard shortcut you press a modifier key with a character key. For example, pressing the Command key (it has a symbol) and then the "c" key copies whatever is currently selected (text, graphics, and so forth) into the Clipboard. This is also known as the Command-C keyboard shortcut.A modifier key is a part of many keyboard shortcuts. A modifier key alters the way other keystrokes or mouse/trackpad clicks are interpreted by OS X. Modifier keys include: Command, Shift, Option, Control, Caps Lock, and the Fn key. You may need to use the Fn key in some of the key combinations listed below. For example, if the keyboard shortcut is Control-F2, press Fn-Control-F2.Here are the modifier key symbols you may see in OS X menus:?Command key?Control key?Option key?Shift Key?Caps LockFnFunction KeyStartup shortcutsPress the key or key combination until the expected function occurs/appears (for example, hold Option during startup until Startup Manager appears). Note: If a startup function doesn't work and you use a third-party keyboard, try again with an Apple keyboard.Key or key combinationWhat it doesOptionDisplay all bootable volumes (Startup Manager)ShiftStart up in Safe ModeLeft ShiftPrevent automatic loginCStart from bootable media (DVD, CD, USB thumb drive, and so forth)TStart up in Target disk modeNStart from a NetBoot serverXForce Mac OS X startup (if non-Mac OS X startup volumes are present)DUse Apple Hardware TestCommand-RUse OS X Recovery (OS X Lion or later)Command-VStart up in Verbose ModeCommand-SStart up in Single User ModeCommand-Option-P-RReset NVRAM / parameter RAMHold down the Media Eject (?) key or F12 key, or mouse or trackpad buttonEject removable discsSleep and shut down shortcutsKey or key combinationWhat it doesPower button – OS X MavericksTap to power on. Once powered on, tap to wake or sleep. Hold down the power button for 1.5 seconds – OS X MavericksShow restart / sleep / shutdown dialogHold down the power button for 5 secondsForce the Mac to power offCommand-Control-power buttonForce the Mac to restartControl-Media Eject (?)Show restart / sleep / shutdown dialogCommand-Option-Media Eject (?)Put the computer to sleepCommand-Control-Media Eject (?)Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open documents), then restart the computerCommand-Option-Control-Media Eject (?)Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open documents), then shut down the computerShift-Control-Media Eject (?)Put all displays to sleepFinder keyboard shortcutsKey combinationWhat it doesCommand-ASelect all items in the front Finder window (or desktop if no window is open)Command-Option-ADeselect all itemsCommand-Shift-AOpen the Applications folderCommand-CCopy selected item/text to the ClipboardCommand-Shift-COpen the Computer windowCommand-DDuplicate selected itemCommand-Shift-DOpen desktop folderCommand-EEjectCommand-FFind any matching Spotlight attributeCommand-Shift-FFind Spotlight file name matchesCommand-Option-FNavigate to the search field in an already-open Spotlight windowCommand-Shift-GGo to FolderCommand-Shift-HOpen the Home folder of the currently logged-in user accountCommand-Shift-Control-TAdd to DockCommand-IGet InfoCommand-Option-IShow InspectorCommand-Control-IGet Summary InfoCommand-Shift-IOpen iDiskCommand-JShow View OptionsCommand-KConnect to ServerCommand-Shift-KOpen Network windowCommand-LMake alias of the selected itemCommand-MMinimize windowCommand-Option-MMinimize all windowsCommand-NNew Finder windowCommand-Shift-NNew folderCommand-Option-NNew Smart FolderCommand-OOpen selected itemCommand-Shift-QLog OutCommand-Shift-Option-QLog Out immediatelyCommand-RShow original (of alias)Command-TAdd to SidebarCommand-Shift-TAdd to FavoritesCommand-Option-THide Toolbar / Show Toolbar in Finder windowsCommand-Shift-UOpen Utilities folderCommand-VPasteCommand-WClose windowCommand-Option-WClose all windowsCommand-XCutCommand-Option-YSlideshow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)Command-ZUndo / RedoCommand-1View as IconCommand-2View as ListCommand-3View as ColumnsCommand-4View as Cover Flow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)Command-Comma (,)Open Finder preferencesCommand-Accent (`) (the Accent key above Tab key on a US English keyboard layout)Cycle through open Finder windowsCommand-Shift-Question Mark (?)Open Mac HelpCommand-Left Bracket ([)Go to the previous folderCommand-Right Bracket (])Go to the next folderCommand-Up ArrowOpen the folder that contains the current folderCommand-Control-Up ArrowOpen the folder that contains the current folder in a new windowCommand-Down ArrowOpen highlighted itemCommand-Shift-Up ArrowMake the desktop activeRight Arrow (in List view)Open the selected folderLeft Arrow (in List view)Close the selected folderOption-click the disclosure triangle (in List view)Open all folders within the selected folderOption–double-clickOpen a folder in a separate window, closing the current windowCommand–double-clickOpen a folder in a separate windowCommand-click the window titleSee the folders that contain the current windowCommand-TabSwitch application–cycle forwardCommand-Shift-TabSwitch application–cycle backwardCommand-DeleteMove to TrashCommand-Shift-DeleteEmpty TrashCommand-Shift-Option-DeleteEmpty Trash without confirmation dialogSpace bar (or Command-Y)Quick Look (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)Command key while draggingMove dragged item to other volume/location (pointer icon changes while key is held)Option key while draggingCopy dragged item (pointer icon changes while key is held)Command-Option key combination while draggingMake alias of dragged item (pointer icon changes while key is held)Application and other OS X shortcutsNote: Some applications may not support all of the following application key combinations.Key combinationWhat it doesCommand-Space barShow or hide the Spotlight search field (if multiple languages are installed, may rotate through enabled script systems)Control-AMove to beginning of line/paragraphControl-BMove one character backwardControl-DDelete the character in front of the cursorControl-EMove to end of line/paragraphControl-FMove one character forwardControl-HDelete the character behind the cursorControl-KDelete from the character in front of the cursor to the end of the line/paragraphControl-LCenter the cursor/selection in the visible areaControl-NMove down one lineControl-OInsert a new line after the cursorControl-PMove up one lineControl-TTranspose the character behind the cursor and the character in front of the cursorControl-VMove down one pageOption-DeleteDelete the word that is left of the cursor, as well as any spaces or punctuation after the wordCommand-Option-Space barShow the Spotlight search results window (if multiple languages are installed, may rotate through keyboard layouts and input methods within a script)Command-TabMove forward to the next most recently used application in a list of open applicationsCommand-Shift-TabMove backward through a list of open applications (sorted by recent use)Shift-TabNavigate through controls in a reverse directionControl-TabMove focus to the next grouping of controls in a dialog or the next table (when Tab moves to the next cell)Shift-Control-TabMove focus to the previous grouping of controlsCommand-escOpen Front Row (if installed)Option-Media Eject (?)Eject from secondary optical media drive (if one is installed)Fn-DeleteForward Delete (on a portable Mac's built-in keyboard)Command-F1Toggles "Mirror Displays" for multi-monitor configurationsCommand-F2Toggle Target Display ModeCommand-F3Show DesktopCommand-F5Toggle VoiceOver On / OffOption-F1 or F2Opens "Displays" System PreferenceOption-F3 or F4Opens "Mission Control" System PreferenceOption-F10 or F11 or F12Opens "Sound" System PreferenceControl-F3App ExposéShift-Control-F6Move focus to the previous panelControl-F7Temporarily override the current keyboard access mode in windows and dialogsControl-F8Move to the status menus in the menu barF9Tile or untile all open windowsF10Tile or untile all open windows in the currently active applicationF11Hide or show all open windowsF12Hide or display DashboardCommand-Accent (`)Activate the next open window in the frontmost applicationCommand-Shift-Accent (`)Activate the previous open window in the frontmost applicationCommand-Option-Accent (`)Move focus to the window drawerCommand-Minus (–)Decrease the size of the selected itemCommand-{Left-align a selectionCommand-}Right-align a selectionCommand-|Center-align a selectionCommand-Colon (:)Display the Spelling windowCommand-Semicolon (;)Find misspelled words in the documentCommand-Comma (,)Open the front application's preferences window (if it supports this keyboard shortcut)Command-Option-Control-Comma (,)Decrease screen contrastCommand-Option-Control-Period (.)Increase screen contrastCommand-Question Mark (?)Open the application's help in Help ViewerCommand-Option-/Turn font smoothing on or offCommand-Shift-=Increase the size of the selected itemCommand-Shift-3Capture the screen to a fileCommand-Shift-Control-3Capture the screen to the ClipboardCommand-Shift-4Capture a selection to a fileCommand-Shift-Control-4Capture a selection to the ClipboardCommand-AHighlight every item in a document or window, or all characters in a text fieldCommand-BBoldface the selected text or toggle boldfaced text on and offCommand-CCopy the selected data to the ClipboardCommand-Shift-CDisplay the Colors windowCommand-Option-CCopy the style of the selected textCommand-Control-CCopy the formatting settings of the selected item and store on the ClipboardCommand-Option-DShow or hide the DockCommand-Control-DDisplay the definition of the selected word in the Dictionary applicationCommand-DSelects the Desktop folder in Open and Save dialogsOrSelects "Don't Save" in dialogs that contain a Don't Save button, in Mac OS X v10.6.8 and earlierCommand-DeleteSelects "Don't Save" in dialogs that contain a Don't Save button, in OS X Lion and Mountain LionCommand-EUse the selection for a findCommand-FOpen a Find windowCommand-Option-FMove to the search field controlCommand-GFind the next occurrence of the selectionCommand-Shift-GFind the previous occurrence of the selectionCommand-HHide the windows of the currently running applicationCommand-Option-HHide the windows of all other running applicationsCommand-IItalicize the selected text or toggle italic text on or offCommand-Option-IDisplay an inspector windowCommand-JScroll to a selectionCommand-MMinimize the active window to the DockCommand-Option-MMinimize all windows of the active application to the DockCommand-NCreate a new document in the frontmost applicationCommand-ODisplay a dialog for choosing a document to open in the frontmost applicationCommand-PDisplay the Print dialogCommand-Shift-PDisplay a dialog for specifying printing parameters (Page Setup)Command-QQuit the frontmost applicationCommand-SSave the active documentCommand-Shift-SDisplay the Save As dialogCommand-TDisplay the Fonts windowCommand-Option-TShow or hide a toolbarCommand-UUnderline the selected text or turn underlining on or offCommand-VPaste the Clipboard contents at the insertion pointCommand-Option-VApply the style of one object to the selected object (Paste Style)Command-Shift-Option-VApply the style of the surrounding text to the inserted object (Paste and Match Style)Command-Control-VApply formatting settings to the selected object (Paste Ruler Command)Command-WClose the frontmost windowCommand-Shift-WClose a file and its associated windowsCommand-Option-WClose all windows in the application without quitting itCommand-XRemove the selection and store in the ClipboardCommand-ZUndo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Undos)Command-Shift-ZRedo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Redos)Control-Right ArrowMove focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a tableControl-Left ArrowMove focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a tableControl-Down ArrowMove focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a tableControl-Up ArrowMove focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a tableCommand-Right ArrowMove the text insertion point to the end of the current lineCommand-Left ArrowMove the text insertion point to the beginning of the current lineCommand-Down ArrowMove the text insertion point to the end of the documentCommand-Up ArrowMove the text insertion point to the beginning of the documentOption-Right ArrowMove the text insertion point to the end of the next wordOption-Left ArrowMove the text insertion point to the beginning of the previous wordCommand-Shift-Right ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the end of the current line (*)Command-Shift-Left ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line (*)Shift-Right ArrowExtend text selection one character to the right (*)Shift-Left ArrowExtend text selection one character to the left (*)Command-Shift-Up ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document (*)Command-Shift-Down ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the end of the document (*)Shift-Up ArrowExtend text selection to the line above, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location (*)Shift-Down ArrowExtend text selection to the line below, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location (*)Shift-Option-Right ArrowExtend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again (*)Shift-Option-Left ArrowExtend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again (*)Shift-Option-Down ArrowExtend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)Shift-Option-Up ArrowExtend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)Control-Space barToggle between the current and previous input sourcesOption-Control-Space barToggle through all enabled input sourcesCommand-Option-escForce QuitCommand-Shift-Option-Esc (hold for three seconds)Force Quit the front-most application (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)Command-Left Bracket ([)Previous browser webpageCommand-Right Bracket (])Next browser webpage*Note: If no text is selected, the extension begins at the insertion point. If text is selected by dragging, then the extension begins at the selection boundary. Reversing the direction of the selection deselects the appropriate unit.Universal Access - VoiceOver keyboard commandsFor information about VoiceOver key combination differences in Mac OS X v10.6, see this article.Key combinationWhat it doesCommand-F5 or Fn-Command-F5Turn VoiceOver on or offOption-Control-F8 or Fn-Option-Control-F8Open VoiceOver Utility (if VoiceOver is on)Option-Control-F7 or Fn-Option-Control-F7Display VoiceOver menu (if VoiceOver is on)Option-Control-Semicolon (;)Enable/disable VoiceOver Control Option-lockCommand-Option-8Turn Zoom on or offCommand-Option-Plus (+)Zoom InCommand-Option-Minus (–)Zoom OutCommand-Option-Control-8Invert/revert the screen colors (OS X Lion or earlier)Command-Option-Control-Comma (,)Reduce contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)Command-Option-Control-Period (.)Increase contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)Note: You may need to enable "Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard keys" in Keyboard preferences for the VoiceOver menu and utility to work.Full keyboard accessFull keyboard access lets you use your keyboard to navigate and interact with items on the screen. Use these shortcuts to select and adjust controls such as text fields and sliders.Key combinationWhat it doesTabMove to the next controlShift-TabMove to the previous controlControl-TabMove to the next control when a text field is selectedArrow keysMove to the adjacent item in a list, tab group, or menuOrMove sliders and adjusters (vertical up and down arrows used to increase and decrease values)Control-Arrow keysMove to a control adjacent to the text fieldSpace barSelect the highlighted menu itemReturn or EnterClick the default button or perform the default actionEscClick the Cancel buttonOrClose a menu without choosing an itemYou can navigate the menus in the menu bar without using a mouse or trackpad. To put the focus in the menu bar, press Control-F2 (Fn-Control-F2 on portable keyboards). Then use the key combinations listed below.Key combinationWhat it doesLeft Arrow and Right ArrowMove from menu to menuReturnOpen a selected menuUp Arrow and Down ArrowMove to menu items in the selected menuType the menu item’s nameJump to a menu item in the selected menuReturnSelect a menu itemUniversal Access - Mouse KeysWhen Mouse Keys is turned on in Universal Access preferences, you can use the keyboard or numeric keypad keys to move the mouse pointer. If your computer doesn't have a numeric keypad, use the Fn (function) key.Key combinationWhat it does8Move Up2Move Down4Move Left6Move Right1Move Diagonally Bottom Left3Move Diagonally Bottom Right7Move Diagonally Top Left9Move Diagonally Top Right5Press Mouse Button0Hold Mouse Button. (Period on number pad)Release Hold Mouse ButtonEnd of document ................
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