HazMat for 1st Responders (2nd Edition)-Chapter 3 Terms



Hazardous Materials for First Responders

Chapter 3 Terms

Recognizing & Identifying Hazardous Materials

NOTICE:  Be sure to review Chapter 8 terms when studying Chapter 3 as many relate to both chapters.

Air Bill

Shipping document prepared from a bill of lading that accompanies each piece or each lot of air cargo.

Air Lift Axle

Single air-operated axle that when lowered converts a vehicle into a multi-axle unit, providing the vehicle with a greater load carrying capacity.

Air Spring

Flexible, air-inflated chamber on a truck or trailer in which the air pressure is controlled and varied to support the load and absorb road shocks.

Atmospheric Storage Tank

Class of fixed facility storage tanks. Pressures range from 0 to 0.5 psig.

Baffle

Intermediate partial bulkhead that reduces the surge effect in a partially loaded liquid tank.

Bill Of Lading

Shipping paper used by the trucking industry indicating origin, destination, route, and product. There is a bill of lading in the cab of every truck tractor.

Blow Down Valve

Manually operated valve that has the function of quickly reducing tank pressure to atmospheric pressure.

Bulk Container

Cargo tank container attached to a flatbed truck or rail flatcar used to transport materials in bulk. This container may carry liquids or gases.

Bumper

Structure designed to provide front- and rear-end protection of a vehicle.

Capacity Indicators

Device installed on a tank to indicate capacity at a specific level.

CAS Number

Number assigned by the American Chemical Society's Chemical Abstract Service that uniquely identifies a specific compound.

Cleanout Fitting

Fitting installed in the top of a tank to facilitate washing the tank's interior.

Colorimetric Tube

Small tubes that change colors when air that is contaminated with a particular substance is drawn through them. Also known as Detector Tube.

Combustible Gas Detector

Indicates the explosive levels of combustible gases.

Compressed Gas

Gas that, at normal temperature, exists solely as a gas when pressurized in a container.

Compressed Gas Association

Trade association that, among other things, writes standards pertaining to the use, storage, and transportation of compressed gases.

Compressed Gas Trailer

Cargo truck that carries gases under pressure; may be a single container, an intermodal shipping unit, or several horizontal tubes.

Cone Roof Storage Tank

Atmospheric storage tank that has a cone-shaped pointed roof with weak roof-to-shell seams that are intended to break when excessive overpressure results inside.

Connection Box

Contains fittings for trailer emergency and service brake connections and electrical connector to which the lines from the towing vehicle may be connected. Formerly called Junction Box, Light Box, or Bird Box.

Consignee

Person who is to receive a shipment.

Consist

Rail shipping paper that lists by order the cars in the train. The cars containing hazardous materials are indicated. Also included with the consist may be information on emergency operations for the hazardous materials on board. Also called Train Consist.

Container

Article of transport equipment that is: (a) of a permanent character and strong enough for repeated use; (b) specifically designed to facilitate the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transport without intermediate reloading; and (c) fitted with devices permitting its ready handling, particularly its transfer from one mode to another. The term "container" does not include vehicles. Also referred to as Freight Container, Cargo Container, and Intermodal Tank Container.

Container Chassis

Trailer chassis consisting of a frame with locking devices for securing and transporting a container as a wheeled vehicle.

Container On Flatcar

Rail flatcar used to transport highway transport containers.

Container Ship

Ship specially equipped to transport large freight containers in horizontal or, more commonly, vertical container cells. Containers are usually loaded and unloaded by special cranes.

Container Specification Number

Shipping container number preceded by "DOT" that indicates the container has been built to federal specifications.

Corner Fittings

Strong metal devices located at the corners of a container having several apertures that normally provide the means for handling, stacking, and securing the freight container.

Corner Structures

Vertical frame components located at the corners of a container; integral with the corner fittings.

Crossover Line

Installed in tank piping systems to allow unloading from either side of the tank.

Curbside

Side of a trailer nearest the curb when trailer is traveling in a normal forward direction (right-hand side); opposite to roadside.

Dangerous Cargo Manifest

Invoice of cargo used on ships containing a list of all hazardous materials on board and their location on the ship.

Dedicated Railcars

Car set aside by the product manufacturer to transport a specific product. The name of the product is painted on the car.

Dip Tube

Installed for pressure unloading of product out of the top of the tank.

Doubles

Truck combination consisting of a truck tractor and two semi trailers coupled together. Formerly called Double-Trailer or Double-Bottom.

Drop Frame

Two-level frame section of a trailer that provides proper coupler height at the forward end and a lower height for the remainder of the length.

Dry Bulk Carrier

Cargo tanks that carry small, granulated solid materials. They generally do not carry hazardous materials; however, in some cases they may carry fertilizers or plastic products that can burn and release toxic products of combustion.

Dummy Coupler

Fitting used to seal the opening in an air brake hose connection (gladhands) when the connection is not in use; a dust cap.

Elevated Temperature Materials Carrier

Cargo tank truck or cargo truck carrying large metal pots that transport elevated-temperature materials.

Emergency Response Guidebook

Manual provided by the U.S. Department of Transportation that aids emergency response personnel in identifying hazardous materials placards. It also offers guidelines for initial actions to be taken at haz mat incidents.

Emergency Valve

Self-closing tank outlet valve.

Emergency Valve Operator

Device used to open and close emergency valves.

Emergency Valve Remote Control

Secondary means, remote from tank discharge openings, for operation in event of fire or other accident.

Fifth Wheel

Device used to connect a truck tractor or converter dolly to a semi trailer in order to permit articulation between the units. It is generally composed of a lower part consisting of a trunnion, plate, and latching mechanism mounted on the truck tractor (or dolly) and a kingpin assembly mounted on the semi trailer.

Fifth Wheel Pickup Ramp

Steel plate designed to lift the front end of a semi trailer to facilitate the engagement of the kingpin onto the fifth wheel.

Fill Opening

Opening on top of a tank used for filling the tank; usually incorporated in a manhole cover.

Flashing

Liquid-tight rail on top of a tank that contains water and spillage and directs it to suitable drains; may be combined with DOT overturn protection.

Flashing Drain

Metal or plastic tube that drains water and spillage from flashing to the ground.

Floating Roof Storage Tank

Atmospheric storage tank that stands vertically. It is wider than it is tall. The roof floats on the surface of the liquid to eliminate the vapor space.

Fork Pockets

Transverse structural apertures in the base of the container that permit entry of forklift devices.

Frangible

Breakable, fragile, or brittle.

Full Trailer

Truck trailer constructed so that all of its own weight and that of its load rests upon its own wheels; that is, it does not depend upon a truck tractor to support it. A semi trailer equipped with a dolly is considered a full trailer.

Gas Chromatogram

Chart from a gas chromatograph tracing the results of analysis of volatile compounds by display in recorded peaks.

Gas Chromatograph

Device to detect and separate small quantities of volatile liquids or gases through instrument analysis.

Gas Chromatography

Characterizing volatilities and chemical properties of compounds that evaporate enough at low temperatures (about 120oF) to provide detectable quantities in the air through the use of instrument analysis in a gas chromatograph.

Gladhands

Fittings for connection of air brake lines between vehicles. Also called Hose Couplings, Hand Shakes, and Polarized Couplings.

Gross Weight

Weight of a vehicle or trailer together with the weight of its entire contents.

Hazard Class

Group of materials designated by the Department of Transportation (DOT) that share a major hazardous property such as radioactivity or flammability.

Head

Front and rear closure of a tank shell.

Heating Tube

Tube installed inside a tank to heat the contents. Also called Fire Tube.

Hemispherical

Half a sphere in shape.

Hitch

Connecting device at the rear of a vehicle used to pull a full trailer with provision for easy coupling.

Hopper

(1) Any of various receptacles used for temporary storage of material. (2) Tank holding a liquid and having a device for releasing its contents through a pipe. (3) Freight car with a floor sloping to one or more hinged doors for discharging bulk contents.

Horizontal Pressure Vessel

Pressurized tanks characterized by rounded ends. Capacities may range from 500 to 40,000 gallons. Propane, butane, ethane, and hydrogen chloride are examples of materials stored in these tanks.

Horizontal Storage Tank

Atmospheric storage tank that is laid horizontally and constructed of steel.

Hose Tube

Housing used on tank and bulk commodity trailers for the storage of cargo handling hoses. Also called Hose Troughs.

Intermodal Container

Freight containers designed and constructed to be used interchangeably in two or more modes of transport.

Jacket

Metal cover that protects the tank insulation.

Jackknife

Condition of truck tractor/semi trailer combination when their relative positions to each other form an angle of 90 degrees or less about the trailer kingpin.

Kingpin

Attaching pin on a semi trailer that connects with pivots within the lower coupler of a truck tractor or converter dolly while coupling the two units together.

Labels

Four-inch-square diamond markers required on individual shipping containers smaller than 640 cubic feet.

Lading

Freight or cargo that makes up a shipment.

Leach

To pass out or through by percolation (gradual seepage).

Lifter Roof Storage Tank

Atmospheric storage tank designed so that the roof floats on a slight cushion of vapor pressure. The liquid-sealed roof floats up and down with the vapor pressure. When the vapor pressure exceeds a designated limit, the roof lifts to relieve the excess pressure.

Low Pressure Storage Tank

Class of fixed-facility storage tanks that are designed to have an operating pressure ranging from 0.5 to 15 psig.

Manhole

(1) Hole through which a person may go to gain access to an underground or enclosed structure. (2) Openings usually equipped with removable, lockable covers large enough to admit a person into a tank trailer or dry bulk trailer. Also called Manway.

Manifold

Used to join a number of discharge pipelines to a common outlet.

Material Safety Data Sheet

Manufacturer's document containing information on a hazardous material. Property occupants should have these for all chemicals found on their site.

NFPA 704 Labeling System

Identifies hazardous materials in fixed facilities. The placard is divided into sections that identify the degree of hazard according to health, flammability, and reactivity as well as special hazards.

NFPA 704 Placard

Color-coded, symbol-specific placard affixed to a structure to inform of fire hazards, life hazards, special hazards, and reactivity potential.

Nonbulk Packaging

Package that has the following characteristics:

• Maximum capacity of 119 gallons (450 L) or less as a receptacle for a liquid

• Maximum net mass of 882 pounds (400 kg) or less and a maximum capacity of 119 gallons (450 L) or less as a receptacle for a solid

• Water capacity of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) or less as a receptacle for a gas

Nonpressure Intermodal Container

Portable tank that transports liquids or solids at a maximum pressure of 100 psig. Also called IM Portable Tank.

Outage

Difference between the full or rated capacity of a tank or tank car as compared to actual content.

Outlet Valve

In a tank piping system, the valve farthest downstream to which the discharge hose is attached.

Overturn Protection

Protection for fittings on top of a tank in case of rollover; may be combined with flashing rail or flashing box.

Package Markings

Descriptive name, instructions, cautions, weight, and specification marks required on the outside of haz mat containers.

Pickup Plate

Sloped plate and structure of a trailer, which is located forward of the kingpin and designed to facilitate engagement of the fifth wheel to the kingpin.

Pictogram

Drawing or symbol that indicates information.

Piggyback Transport

Rail flatcar used to transport highway trailers. Also called a Trailer-On-Flatcar (TOFC).

Placard

Diamond-shaped sign that is affixed to each side of a vehicle transporting hazardous materials. The placard indicates the primary class of the material and, in some cases, the exact material being transported; required on containers that are 640 cubic feet (18 ml) or larger.

Pressure Intermodal Container

Liquefied gas container designed for working pressures of 100 to 500 psig. Also known as Spec 51 or internationally as IMO Type 5.

Pressure Tank Railcar

Tank railcars that carry flammable and nonflammable liquefied gases, poisons, and other hazardous materials. They are recognizable by the valve enclosure at the top of the car and the lack of bottom unloading piping.

Pressure Vessel

Fixed-facility storage tanks with operating pressures above 15 psig.

Primary Label

Label placed on the container of a hazardous material to indicate the primary hazard.

Product Identification Number

Assigned by the United Nations and used in the Canadian Dangerous Goods Initial Emergency Response Guide and the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook to identify specific product names.

Product

Generic term used in industry to describe a substance that is used or produced in an industrial process. Also see Material.

Pump Off Line

Pipeline that usually runs from the tank discharge openings to the front of the trailer.

Refrigeration Unit

Cargo space cooling equipment.

Relay Emergency Valve

Combination valve in an air brake system that controls brake application and also provides for automatic emergency brake application should the trailer become disconnected from the towing vehicle.

Ring Stiffener

Circumferential tank shell stiffener that helps to maintain the tank cross section.

Roadside

Side of the trailer farthest from the curb when trailer is traveling in a normal forward direction (left-hand side); opposite to "curbside."

Rotary Gauge

Gauge for determining the liquid level in a pressurized tank.

Rupture Disk

Safety device that fails at a predetermined pressure and thus protects a pressure vessel from being over-pressurized.

Safety Can

Flammable liquid container that has been approved by a suitable testing agency.

Safety Chain

Chain connecting two vehicles to prevent separation in the event the primary towing connection breaks.

Safety Relief Valve

Device on cargo tanks with an operating part held in place by a spring. The valve opens at preset pressures to relieve excess pressure and prevent failure of the vessel.

Sandshoe

Flat, steel plate that serves as ground contact on the supports of a trailer; used instead of wheels, particularly where the ground surface is expected to be soft.

Semi Trailer

(1) Freight trailer that when attached is supported at its forward end by the fifth wheel device of the truck tractor. (2) Trucking rig made up of a tractor and a semi trailer.

Shipping Papers

Shipping order, bill of lading, manifest, waybill, or other shipping document issued by the carrier.

Side Rails

Upper Side Rails: Main longitudinal frame members of a tank used to connect the upper corner fittings. Lower Side Rails: Main longitudinal frame members of a tank used to connect the lower corner fittings.

Sliding Fifth Wheel

Fifth-wheel assembly capable of being moved forward or backward on the truck tractor to vary load distribution on the tractor and to adjust the overall length of combination.

Splash Guard

Deflecting shield sometimes installed on tank trailers to protect meters, valves, etc.

Splitter Valve

Valve installed to divide the pipeline manifold.

Standard Transportation Commodity Code

Numerical code used by the rail industry on the waybill to identify the commodity.

Supports

Devices generally adjustable in height that are used to support the front end of a semi trailer in an approximately level position when disconnected from the towing vehicle. Formerly called Landing Gears, Props, Dollies, and Legs.

Switch List

List of cars on a track and instructions as to where those cars go within the yard.

Tandem

Two-axle suspension.

Tare

The weight of an empty vehicle or container; subtracted from gross weight to ascertain net weight.

Tow Bar

Beam structure used to maintain the distance between a towed vehicle and the towing vehicle.

Toxic Material

Substances that can be poisonous if inhaled, swallowed, absorbed, or introduced into the body through cuts or breaks in the skin.

Truck

Self-propelled vehicle carrying its load on its wheels; primarily designed for transportation of property rather than passengers.

Truck Tractor

Powered motor vehicle designed to pull a truck trailer.

Truck Trailer

Vehicle without motor power; primarily designed for transportation of property rather than passengers. It is drawn by a truck or truck tractor.

Twist Lock

Mechanically operated device located on the corners of a container chassis and on automatic lifting spreaders; used for restraining a container during transport or transfer.

Upper Coupler Assembly

Consists of upper coupler plate, reinforcement framing, and fifth-wheel kingpin mounted on a semi trailer. Formerly called Upper Fifth-Wheel Assembly.

Utilidor

An insulated, heated conduit built below the ground surface or supported above the ground surface to protect the contained water, steam, sewage, and fire lines from freezing.

Waybill

Shipping paper used by a railroad to indicate origin, destination, route, and product. There is a waybill for each car, and it is carried by the conductor.

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