Executive Summary - Rochester Institute of Technology



Static Analysis of Latera/Axial Transfer LinkageExecutive SummaryIn order to determine the static stress properties of the proposed Axial/Lateral transfer linkage, a series of Solidworks models and individual static stress analyses were run. Included are the two most telling models, analyzing the torsional stress applied to the linkage. It was found that the lateral and axial loads were negligible compared to the applied torsional load, so those analyses were not included in this report. It was found that the original design could not withstand more than 1 kip-ft of torsional load, as shown in the second included report. The first included report describes a new design that has been strengthened to be able to withstand the required 50 kip-ft torsional load. Drawings and costs for the new design will be included in the final drawing package.Simulation of Increased Size Transfer Linkage in Torsional LoadingDate: Saturday, February 04, 2017Designer: Sam ZimmermanStudy name: Static 1Analysis type: StaticTable of Contents TOC \o "1-1" \h \z \u Description PAGEREF _Toc474753150 \h 1Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc474753151 \h 2Model Information PAGEREF _Toc474753152 \h 2Study Properties PAGEREF _Toc474753153 \h 6Units PAGEREF _Toc474753154 \h 6Material Properties PAGEREF _Toc474753155 \h 7Loads and Fixtures PAGEREF _Toc474753156 \h 8Connector Definitions PAGEREF _Toc474753157 \h 9Contact Information PAGEREF _Toc474753158 \h 11Mesh information PAGEREF _Toc474753159 \h 12Sensor Details PAGEREF _Toc474753160 \h 14Resultant Forces PAGEREF _Toc474753161 \h 15Study Results PAGEREF _Toc474753162 \h 16Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc474753163 \h 22DescriptionSecond improved design for Lateral/Axial linkage. All load is applied in torsion (50 kip-ft or 600,000 in-lb). Lateral and axial forces are assumed to be negligible. All rod-end bearings are taken directly from manufacturer’s website and scaled appropriately. AssumptionsRod ends are assumed to be fixed by linear bearings with no deflection.Stress is assumed to be fully transferred into rod-end bearings (threads are not modeled)It is assumed that the direction of the torsion is constant. If the amplitude of the torsional vibration is larger than the static stress, there will be significant slack in the system to be analyzed. The nuts holding the cross-bolts were not modeled due to interaction issues.The contact surfaces were assumed to be constant, and that the bearings would not shift during operation.Lateral and Axial forces are neglected.Model InformationModel name: CrossPieceFullAssemblyCurrent Configuration: DefaultSolid BodiesDocument Name and ReferenceTreated AsVolumetric PropertiesDocument Path/Date ModifiedBolt 2Solid BodyMass:32.0309 lbVolume:112.944 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:32.0092 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\AppData\Local\Temp\swx31024\VC~~\CrossPieceFullAssembly\Copy of Bolt^CrossPieceFullAssembly.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:15:04 2017Bolt 3Solid BodyMass:32.0309 lbVolume:112.944 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:32.0092 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\AppData\Local\Temp\swx31024\VC~~\CrossPieceFullAssembly\Copy of Bolt^CrossPieceFullAssembly.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:15:04 2017Bolt 1Solid BodyMass:62.5603 lbVolume:220.594 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:62.5179 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\AppData\Local\Temp\swx31024\VC~~\CrossPieceFullAssembly\Copy of Copy of Bolt^CrossPieceFullAssembly.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:15:04 2017Transfer Linkage 1Solid BodyMass:112.594 lbVolume:397.019 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:112.518 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\CrossPiece.SLDPRTFeb 04 15:55:46 2017Transfer Linkage 2Solid BodyMass:112.594 lbVolume:397.019 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:112.518 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\CrossPiece.SLDPRTFeb 04 15:55:46 2017Shaft 1Solid BodyMass:111.369 lbVolume:392.699 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:111.294 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\Expanded.SLDPRTFeb 04 15:46:09 2017Bearing Housing 1Solid BodyMass:81.5943 lbVolume:287.71 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:81.5389 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\AppData\Local\Temp\swx31024\VC~~\ExpandedShaftBearing\Copy of PRODUCT_NAME_1_2^ExpandedShaftBearing.sldprtFeb 04 15:50:07 2017Bearing Ball 1Solid BodyMass:34.9457 lbVolume:123.222 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:34.922 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\AppData\Local\Temp\swx31024\VC~~\ExpandedShaftBearing\Copy of PRODUCT_NAME_2_2^ExpandedShaftBearing.sldprtFeb 04 15:50:07 2017Bearing Race 1Solid BodyMass:14.8989 lbVolume:52.535 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:14.8888 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\AppData\Local\Temp\swx31024\VC~~\ExpandedShaftBearing\Copy of PRODUCT_NAME_3_2^ExpandedShaftBearing.sldprtFeb 04 15:50:07 2017Bearing Housing 2Solid BodyMass:41.7763 lbVolume:147.307 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:41.7479 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_1_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:15:03 2017Bearing Ball 2Solid BodyMass:17.8922 lbVolume:63.0898 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:17.8801 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_2_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:15:03 2017Bearing Race 2Solid BodyMass:7.62823 lbVolume:26.8979 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:7.62305 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_3_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:15:03 2017Bearing Housing 3Solid BodyMass:41.7763 lbVolume:147.307 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:41.7479 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_1_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:15:03 2017Bearing Ball 3Solid BodyMass:17.8922 lbVolume:63.0898 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:17.8801 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_2_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:15:03 2017Bearing Race 3Solid BodyMass:7.62823 lbVolume:26.8979 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:7.62305 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_3_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:15:03 2017Shaft 2Solid BodyMass:57.021 lbVolume:201.062 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:56.9823 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\Shaft.SLDPRTFeb 04 14:35:15 2017Shaft 3Solid BodyMass:57.021 lbVolume:201.062 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:56.9823 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup\Shaft.SLDPRTFeb 04 14:35:15 2017Study PropertiesStudy nameStatic 1Analysis typeStaticMesh typeSolid MeshThermal Effect: OnThermal optionInclude temperature loadsZero strain temperature298 KelvinInclude fluid pressure effects from SOLIDWORKS Flow SimulationOffSolver typeAutomaticInplane Effect: OffSoft Spring: OnInertial Relief: OffIncompatible bonding optionsMore accurate (slower)Large displacementOffCompute free body forcesOffFrictionOffUse Adaptive Method: OffResult folderSOLIDWORKS document (C:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup)UnitsUnit system:English (IPS)Length/DisplacementinTemperatureFahrenheitAngular velocityHertzPressure/StresspsiMaterial PropertiesModel ReferencePropertiesComponentsName:AISI 4340 Steel, normalizedModel type:Linear Elastic IsotropicDefault failure criterion:Max von Mises StressYield strength:102977 psiTensile strength:160992 psiElastic modulus:2.97327e+007 psiPoisson's ratio:0.32 Mass density:0.283599 lb/in^3Shear modulus:1.1603e+007 psiThermal expansion coefficient:6.83333e-006 /FahrenheitALLCurve Data:N/ALoads and FixturesFixture nameFixture ImageFixture DetailsFixed-6Entities:2 face(s)Type:Fixed GeometryResultant ForcesComponentsXYZResultantReaction force(lbf)0.08605970.25313-0.1870480.326294Reaction Moment(lbf.in)0000 Load nameLoad ImageLoad DetailsTorque-2Entities:1 face(s)Reference:Face< 1 >Type:Apply torqueValue:600000 lbf.inConnector DefinitionsConnector NameConnector DetailsConnector ImageRigid Connector-4Entities:2 face(s)Type:RigidRigid Connector-4Rigid Connector-5Entities:2 face(s)Type:RigidRigid Connector-5Rigid Connector-6Entities:2 face(s)Type:RigidRigid Connector-6Pin/Bolt/Bearing ConnectorModel ReferenceConnector DetailsStrength DetailsBearing Connector-1Entities:2 face(s)Type:BearingNo DataConnector ForcesTypeX-ComponentY-ComponentZ-ComponentResultantAxial Force (lbf)00-610.22610.22Shear Force (lbf)-807.19-472.640935.38Bending moment (lbf.in)-0.186050.3177500.36821Bearing Connector-2Entities:2 face(s)Type:BearingNo DataConnector ForcesTypeX-ComponentY-ComponentZ-ComponentResultantAxial Force (lbf)0036.38436.384Shear Force (lbf)-1139.9809.9901398.4Bending moment (lbf.in)-0.31885-0.4487300.55048Bearing Connector-3Entities:2 face(s)Type:BearingNo DataConnector ForcesTypeX-ComponentY-ComponentZ-ComponentResultantAxial Force (lbf)00-104.05104.05Shear Force (lbf)-49.593-5464.705464.9Bending moment (lbf.in)-2.15120.01952202.1513Contact InformationContactContact ImageContact PropertiesGlobal ContactType:BondedComponents:1 component(s)Options:Compatible meshMesh informationMesh typeSolid MeshMesher Used: Standard meshAutomatic Transition: OffInclude Mesh Auto Loops: OffJacobian points4 PointsElement Size1.13147 inTolerance0.0565737 inMesh QualityHighRemesh failed parts with incompatible meshOffMesh information - DetailsTotal Nodes57553Total Elements34155Maximum Aspect Ratio79.304% of elements with Aspect Ratio < 371.9% of elements with Aspect Ratio > 101.63% of distorted elements(Jacobian)0Time to complete mesh(hh;mm;ss): 00:00:16Computer name: GLE-2260-16Sensor DetailsSensor nameLocationSensor DetailsDisplacement1Value : 3.593 mmEntities :Result :DisplacementComponent :URES: Resultant DisplacementCriterion :Model MaxStep Criterion : Across all StepsStep No.:1Alert Value: NAStress1Value : 7.28506e+008 N/m^2Entities :Result :StressComponent :VON: von Mises StressCriterion :Model MaxStep Criterion : Across all StepsStep No.:1Alert Value: NAStress2Value : 1.63615e+008 N/m^2Entities :1 face(s)Result :StressComponent :VON: von Mises StressCriterion :Average of Selected EntitiesStep Criterion : Across all StepsStep No.:1Alert Value: NAResultant ForcesReaction forcesSelection setUnitsSum XSum YSum ZResultantEntire Modellbf0.08605970.25313-0.1870480.326294Reaction MomentsSelection setUnitsSum XSum YSum ZResultantEntire Modellbf.in0000Study ResultsNameTypeMinMaxStress1VON: von Mises Stress4.56381e-005 ksiNode: 7219105.661 ksiNode: 41137CrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Stress-Stress1NameTypeMinMaxDisplacement1URES: Resultant Displacement0 inNode: 541040.141457 inNode: 19118CrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1NameTypeMinMaxStrain1ESTRN: Equivalent Strain3.81478e-009 Element: 63550.00225681 Element: 24818CrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Strain-Strain1NameTypeDisplacement1{1}RFX: X Reaction ForceCrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1{1}NameTypeMinMaxFactor of Safety1Automatic (isosurface shows FOS<20)0.974597 Node: 41137100 Node: 2CrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Factor of Safety-Factor of Safety1NameTypeDisplacement2URES: Resultant DisplacementCrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement2NameTypeDisplacement3Deformed shapeCrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement3ConclusionBased on the above systems, it is postulated that the system as designed should withstand the 50 kip-ft applied torque. The minimum factor of safety is 0.97 and located at a point of high numerical instability (the contact between the bearing and the bolt). This may be avoided by finding exceptionally high-strength materials (ceramics or titanium alloys) for use in the bearings and bolts. Volumetric and material property information is provided earlier in this report. Simulation of Reduced Torsional Load ScenarioDate: Saturday, February 04, 2017Designer: Sam ZimmermanStudy name: Static 1Analysis type: StaticTable of Contents TOC \o "1-1" \h \z \u Description PAGEREF _Toc473990140 \h 1Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc473990141 \h 2Model Information PAGEREF _Toc473990142 \h 2Study Properties PAGEREF _Toc473990143 \h 5Units PAGEREF _Toc473990144 \h 5Material Properties PAGEREF _Toc473990145 \h 6Loads and Fixtures PAGEREF _Toc473990146 \h 7Connector Definitions PAGEREF _Toc473990147 \h 8Contact Information PAGEREF _Toc473990148 \h 10Mesh information PAGEREF _Toc473990149 \h 11Sensor Details PAGEREF _Toc473990150 \h 13Resultant Forces PAGEREF _Toc473990151 \h 13Beams PAGEREF _Toc473990152 \h 14Study Results PAGEREF _Toc473990153 \h 15Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc473990154 \h 20DescriptionSimulation of the old linkage design with the maximum torsional load. This scenario reduces the load to 12,000 in-lb (1 kip-ft). Lateral and axial forces are neglected. AssumptionsRod ends are assumed to be fixed by linear bearings with no deflection.Stress is assumed to be fully transferred into rod-end bearings (threads are not modeled)It is assumed that the direction of the torsion is constant. If the amplitude of the torsional vibration is larger than the static stress, there will be significant slack in the system to be analyzed. The nuts holding the cross-bolts were not modeled due to interaction issues.The contact surfaces were assumed to be constant, and that the bearings would not shift during operation.Lateral and Axial forces are neglected.Model InformationModel name: CrossPieceFullAssemblyCurrent Configuration: DefaultSolid BodiesDocument Name and ReferenceTreated AsVolumetric PropertiesDocument Path/Date ModifiedBolt 2Solid BodyMass:0.977504 lbVolume:3.44678 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:0.976841 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\Bolt.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:17:36 2017Bolt 3Solid BodyMass:0.977504 lbVolume:3.44678 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:0.976841 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\Bolt.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:17:36 2017Bolt 1Solid BodyMass:0.977504 lbVolume:3.44678 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:0.976841 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\Bolt.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:17:36 2017Transfer Linkage 1Solid BodyMass:5.0271 lbVolume:17.7261 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:5.02369 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\CrossPiece.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:17:36 2017Transfer Linkage 2Solid BodyMass:5.0271 lbVolume:17.7261 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:5.02369 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\CrossPiece.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:17:36 2017Bearing Housing 1Solid BodyMass:1.27491 lbVolume:4.49547 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:1.27405 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_1_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Bearing Ball 1Solid BodyMass:0.545998 lbVolume:1.92525 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:0.545628 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_2_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Bearing Race 1Solid BodyMass:0.232795 lbVolume:0.820859 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:0.232637 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_3_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Bearing Housing 2Solid BodyMass:1.27491 lbVolume:4.49547 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:1.27405 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_1_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Bearing Ball 2Solid BodyMass:0.545998 lbVolume:1.92525 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:0.545628 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_2_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Bearing Race 2Solid BodyMass:0.232795 lbVolume:0.820859 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:0.232637 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_3_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Bearing Housing 3Solid BodyMass:1.27491 lbVolume:4.49547 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:1.27405 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_1_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Bearing Ball 3Solid BodyMass:0.545998 lbVolume:1.92525 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:0.545628 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_2_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Bearing Race 3Solid BodyMass:0.232795 lbVolume:0.820859 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:0.232637 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\PRODUCT_NAME_3_2.sldprtFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Shaft 1Solid BodyMass:1.74014 lbVolume:6.13592 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:1.73896 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\Shaft.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Shaft 2Solid BodyMass:1.74014 lbVolume:6.13592 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:1.73896 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\Shaft.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Shaft 3Solid BodyMass:1.74014 lbVolume:6.13592 in^3Density:0.283599 lb/in^3Weight:1.73896 lbfC:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup2\LoadAppSetup\Shaft.SLDPRTFeb 04 16:17:44 2017Study PropertiesStudy nameStatic 1Analysis typeStaticMesh typeSolid MeshThermal Effect: OnThermal optionInclude temperature loadsZero strain temperature298 KelvinInclude fluid pressure effects from SOLIDWORKS Flow SimulationOffSolver typeAutomaticInplane Effect: OffSoft Spring: OnInertial Relief: OffIncompatible bonding optionsMore accurate (slower)Large displacementOffCompute free body forcesOffFrictionOffUse Adaptive Method: OffResult folderSOLIDWORKS document (C:\Users\smz7804\Downloads\LoadAppSetup\LoadAppSetup)UnitsUnit system:English (IPS)Length/DisplacementinTemperatureFahrenheitAngular velocityHertzPressure/StresspsiMaterial PropertiesModel ReferencePropertiesComponentsName:AISI 4340 Steel, normalizedModel type:Linear Elastic IsotropicDefault failure criterion:Max von Mises StressYield strength:102977 psiTensile strength:160992 psiElastic modulus:2.97327e+007 psiPoisson's ratio:0.32 Mass density:0.283599 lb/in^3Shear modulus:1.1603e+007 psiThermal expansion coefficient:6.83333e-006 /FahrenheitALLCurve Data:N/ALoads and FixturesFixture nameFixture ImageFixture DetailsFixed-6Entities:2 face(s)Type:Fixed GeometryResultant ForcesComponentsXYZResultantReaction force(lbf)-0.000727226721.1160.00137212721.116Reaction Moment(lbf.in)0000 Load nameLoad ImageLoad DetailsTorque-2Entities:1 face(s)Reference:Face< 1 >Type:Apply torqueValue:12000 lbf.inConnector DefinitionsConnector NameConnector DetailsConnector ImageRigid Connector-4Entities:2 face(s)Type:RigidRigid Connector-4Rigid Connector-5Entities:2 face(s)Type:RigidRigid Connector-5Rigid Connector-6Entities:2 face(s)Type:RigidRigid Connector-6Pin/Bolt/Bearing ConnectorModel ReferenceConnector DetailsStrength DetailsBearing Connector-1Entities:2 face(s)Type:BearingNo DataConnector ForcesTypeX-ComponentY-ComponentZ-ComponentResultantAxial Force (lbf)-0-081.372-81.372Shear Force (lbf)-820.66-77.9560824.36Bending moment (lbf.in)-0.0306870.3230500.32451Bearing Connector-2Entities:2 face(s)Type:BearingNo DataConnector ForcesTypeX-ComponentY-ComponentZ-ComponentResultantAxial Force (lbf)00200.79200.79Shear Force (lbf)-829.1769.1010832.05Bending moment (lbf.in)-0.027201-0.326400.32754Bearing Connector-3Entities:2 face(s)Type:BearingNo DataConnector ForcesTypeX-ComponentY-ComponentZ-ComponentResultantAxial Force (lbf)00-97.91497.914Shear Force (lbf)-33.226119.580124.11Bending moment (lbf.in)0.0470710.0130800.048855Contact InformationContactContact ImageContact PropertiesGlobal ContactType:BondedComponents:1 component(s)Options:Compatible meshMesh informationMesh typeSolid MeshMesher Used: Curvature based meshJacobian points4 PointsMaximum element size0 inMinimum element size0 inMesh QualityHighRemesh failed parts with incompatible meshOffMesh information - DetailsTotal Nodes54875Total Elements31302Maximum Aspect Ratio103.48% of elements with Aspect Ratio < 356.9% of elements with Aspect Ratio > 105.53% of distorted elements(Jacobian)0Time to complete mesh(hh;mm;ss): 00:00:17Computer name: GLE-2260-16Sensor DetailsSensor nameLocationSensor DetailsDisplacement1Value : 1.16011 mmEntities :Result :DisplacementComponent :URES: Resultant DisplacementCriterion :Model MaxStep Criterion : Across all StepsStep No.:1Alert Value: NAStress1Value : 1.03242e+009 N/m^2Entities :Result :StressComponent :VON: von Mises StressCriterion :Model MaxStep Criterion : Across all StepsStep No.:1Alert Value: NAStress2Value : 2.4019e+008 N/m^2Entities :1 face(s)Result :StressComponent :VON: von Mises StressCriterion :Average of Selected EntitiesStep Criterion : Across all StepsStep No.:1Alert Value: NAResultant ForcesReaction forcesSelection setUnitsSum XSum YSum ZResultantEntire Modellbf-0.000727226721.1160.00137212721.116Reaction MomentsSelection setUnitsSum XSum YSum ZResultantEntire Modellbf.in0000Study ResultsNameTypeMinMaxStress1VON: von Mises Stress9.57471e-005 ksiNode: 6511149.739 ksiNode: 50990CrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Stress-Stress1NameTypeMinMaxDisplacement1URES: Resultant Displacement0 inNode: 527560.0456734 inNode: 51716CrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1NameTypeMinMaxStrain1ESTRN: Equivalent Strain1.0473e-008 Element: 5520.0032975 Element: 28946CrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Strain-Strain1NameTypeDisplacement1{1}RFX: X Reaction ForceCrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1{1}NameTypeMinMaxFactor of Safety1Automatic0.687707 Node: 50990100 Node: 11CrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Factor of Safety-Factor of Safety1NameTypeDisplacement2URES: Resultant DisplacementCrossPieceFullAssembly-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement2ConclusionBy reducing the applied torsional load to 1 kip-ft, the old linkage design can be used with an overall factor of safety of 0.67 (again at a numerical instability point). It is again suggested to find ceramic or high-strength titanium alloy parts for the bearings and cross bolts. ................
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