Genus: Klebsiella
Genus: Klebsiella
General characteristic:
• Klebsiella are non motile member of Enterobacteriaceae
• It is gram negative rod (slightly shorter and tick than other Enterobacteriaceae
• Have a polysaccharide capsule, and can be recognized by their large, geryish –white, mucoid colonies (especially if it has high sugar content.
• Non spore forming, aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria are killed by moist heat at 55◦C in 30 minutes
• Cultures may remain viable for many weeks, when kept at room temperature.
• There is no haemolysis of horse or sheep red blood cells.
• Oxidase negative, V-P positive, Urease positive (slow) and lactose fermented organism
• Attack sugar fermentativly, produce acid with gas.
Normal habitat:
Found n the intestinal tract of man and animal also it may be found in water, vegetable ….etc. as saprophytic, found also in the hospital environment which cause a nosocomial infection (hospital acquired infection)
Medical important species
• K. pneumoniae
• K. pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae
• K. pneumoniae subspecies aerogens
• K. pneumoniae subspecies ozaenae
• K. pneumoniae subspecies rhinoscleromatis
Antigenic structure:
• About 80 capsular antigens (K) are presently recognized (used as epidemiological tools in serotyping of organism.
• Somatic antigens (O), there are five different somatic antigens occur in various combinations with the capsular antigens it is found identical with or related to E. coli somatic antigens.
Pathogenicity:
• K. pneumoniae: cause chest infection and occasionally cause of severe bronchopneumonia, some times with multiple abscess formation in the lung.
• K. pneumoniae subspecies aerogens: associated with hospital acquired infection such as
* Urinary tract infection
* Clinical sepsis develops in surgical wound infection
• K. pneumoniae subspecies ozaenae and K. pneumoniae subspecies rhinoscleromatis: cause granulomatous disease of nose (Rhinoscleromatis is a chronic upper respiratory disease where it is associated with prolonged exposure to crowd and unhygienic condition.
Diagnosis:
• Specimens (depending on the site of infection) include: sputum, urine, wound swab and nasal swab and infected tissue.
• Cultivation *aerobic and facultative anaerobic
* Temperature (35- 37 ◦C)
* pH (7 – 7,2)
• On blood agar produce grey white usually mucoid colonies no haemolysis has been detected.
• On Mac conkey agar: most strain are lactose fermented, producing mucoid – pink large colonies and yellow colonies on CLED. K. pneumoniae subspecies rhinoscleromatis is non lactose fermented we use the biochemical test to differentiate between different species.
• On KIA slope butt gas H2S
Y Y + --
Biochemical test:
Primary test:
• Catalase + ve
• Oxidase - ve
• Motility - ve
• Production of acid and gas + ve
• O –F test Fermentative
Secondary:
|Species |V – p |indole |citrate |Urease |Mal |lact |
|K. p. pneumoniae |- |- |+ |+ |+ |+ |
|K. p. aerogens |+ |- |+ |+ |+ |+ |
|K. p. ozaenae |- |- |+ |- |- |+ |
|K. p. rhinoscleromatis |- |- |- |- |+ |- |
Antimicrobial sensitivity:
• Klebsiella often produce beta – lactamase enzyme and are resistant to penicillin.
• Cephalosporin and aminoglycosides are used to treat Klebsiella infections.
• Klebsiella infection of the urine often responds to Trimethoprim.
Enterobacter specie:
• Found in the intestinal tact of human and animal, also found in sewage, water, soil, and diary product.
• Opportunistic pathogen associated with UTI, wound infection, and septicemia in person already in poor health.
• Gram negative motile rod
• On blood agar produce colonies that may resemble those produce by Klebsiella, but not so mucoid.
Biochemical Test
• Catalase + ve
• Oxidase - ve
• Motility - ve
• Production of acid and gas + ve
• O –F test Fermentative
• Indole test - ve
• Citrate utilization test + ve
• MR test - ve
• V – p test + ve
• H2S test - ve
• Urease test - ve
• On KIA slope butt gas H2S
Y Y + --
Set of sugar : lac(+), Man (+), Glucose (+), and Sucrose (d)
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