IFSTA ESSENTIALS CHAPTER 11 WATER SUPPLY



IFSTA ESSENTIALS CHAPTER 11 WATER SUPPLY

1. What components make up a water system?

* Source of supply

* Mechanical or other means of moving it

* The processing or treatment facility

* The distribution system, including storage

2. What are two sources of water supply?

* The primary water supply can be obtained from SURFACE water (rivers,lakes,etc.)

* Another source is GROUNDWATER (wells or waterproducing springs)

3. What are 3 methods of moving water in a system? Describe each system?

* DIRECT PUMPING SYSTEM

* GRAVITY SYSTEM

* COMBINATION SYSTEM

DIRECT PUMPING SYSTEMS- use one or more pumps that take the water from the primary source and discharge it through the filtration and treatment processes. From here, a series of pumps force the water into the distribution system.

GRAVITY SYSTEM- this is a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system. The gravity flow from the higher elevation provides the pressure. Sufficient if water source is located at least several hundred feet higher than the highest point of distribution.

COMBINATION SYSTEM- most communities use the combination system. It’s a combination of direct pumping and gravity systems. In most cases, the gravity flow is supplied by elevated storage tanks. When system pressure is high during periods of low consumption, automatic valves open and allow the elevated storage tanks to fill. When pressure drops due to heavy consumption, these storage containers provide extra water by feeding back to the distribution system.

4. What does incrustation and sedimentation contribute to?

* Both conditions result in a restriction of the pipe size, increases friction loss,

and a proportionate reduction in the amount of water able to be drawn from the system.

5. What types of pressures are the fire service concerned with? Describe the types?

* Static pressure

* Normal operating pressure

* Residual pressure

* Flow pressure

STATIC PRESSURE-is stored potential energy that is available to force water through pipes,fittings,fire hose and adapters. Defined as the normal pressure existing on a system before the flow hydrant is opened.

NORMAL OPERATING PRESSURE-is that pressure which is found on a water distribution system during normal consumption.

RESIDUAL PRESSURE-pressure that is left in a distribution system at a specific location when a quantity of water is flowing. Total available pressure that is not used to overcome friction or gravity while forcing water through pipes,fittings,fire hose,adapters.

FLOW PRESSURE-is forward velocity pressure at a discharge opening, either at a hydrant discharge or a nozzle discharge orifice, while water is flowing.

6. What are two main types of fire hydrants? Explain the differences between both?

* DRY BARREL

* WET BARREL

The Dry barrel is used in climates where freezing is expected, usually classified as a compression, gate, or knuckle-joint type that opens either with pressure or against pressure. The valve holding back the water is well below ground, below the anticipated frost line.

The Wet barrel hydrants may only be used in areas that don’t have freezing weather. Wet barrel hydrants usually have a compression-type valve at each outlet, or they may have only one valve located in the bonnet that controls the water outlets. The entire hydrant is always filled with water to the valves near the discharges.

7. What is a CIRCULATING-FEED or (looped line) hydrant?

* A fire hydrant that receives water from two or more directions.

8. What is a DEAD-END hydrant?

* A fire hydrant that receives water from only one direction.

9. Discuss alternative water supplies,include static sources and describe them?

* Areas with water systems should be surveyed for alternative supplies, so in the event that the water sytem fails or a fire occurs that requires more water than the system can supply. Water can be drawn from many natural sources such as the ocean, lakes, ponds,rivers,farm stock tanks,swimming pools,and any other static source of water that’s not contaminated to the point of creating a health hazard.

10. Rural water supplies consist principally of what operation?

* TANKER (TENDER) SHUTTLES

* RELAY PUMPING

Tanker or (Tender shuttle): the key to efficient tender shuttles are fast-fill and fast-dump times. Portabe tanks are necessary for efficient shuttle operations. Water shuttling is the hauling of water from a supply source to the portable tanks from which water may be drawn.

Relay Pumping- sometimes a water source is close enough to the fire scene that relay pumping can be used, it also minimizes congestion at scene. Important factors to consider: * Water supply must be capable of maintaining the desired volume of water required for the duration of the incident.

* The relay must be able to be established quickly enough to be worthwhile.

Number of pumpers needed and the distance between pumper is determined by volume of water needed,distance,hose size,amount of hose available,and pumper capacities. LDH or multiple hoselines will increase the distance and volume that a relay can supply because of reduced friction loss.

11. Name some indicator valves?

* PIV (POST INDICATOR VALVE)

* OS&Y (OUTSIDE SCREW AND YOKE VALVE)

12.

IFSTA CHAPTER 12 FIRE HOSE

1. According to NFPA 1901 fire apparatus is required to carry how much hose?

*15 feet of large soft sleeve hose or 20 feet of hard suction hose

* 1200 feet of 2 1/2” or larger supply hose

* 400 feet of 1 1/2”, 1 3/4”,2-inch attack hose

2. Name 4 types of damage causes to hose? (Examples)

* MECHANICAL (chafing)

* THERMAL (heat/ flame)

* ORGANIC (mold/ mildew)

* CHEMICAL (acids/ caustics)

3. How are 3 ways couplings are made?

* FORGING “DROP-FORGED” (strongest)

* EXTRUDED

* CAST (weakest)

4. What are the differences between hose appliances and hose tools?

* Hose appliances-are used on hose that flow water thru them. (wye,siamese,double male or female fittings,etc...)

* Hose tools-are used on hose that don’t flow water thru them. (spanners,jackets,clamps, etc...)

5. Name 3 types of lugs?

* PIN

* ROCKER

* RECESSED

6. What are sexless couplings called?

* STORZ COUPLINGS

7. List 4 types of valves?

* BALL

* CLAPPER

* BUTTERFLY

* GATE

8. Name some appliances?

*WYE-divide one line into two lines

* SIAMESE-2 female couplings into one male coupling

* MANIFOLD-LDH(usually) into several different directions

* WATER THIEF-a variation of the wye

9. Name some hose tools?

* HOSE ROLLER * SPANNER

* HOSE JACKET * HOSE BRIDGE

* HOSE CLAMP * HOSE STRAP

10. What is a HIGBEE CUT?

* The beginning of the thread is cut to provide a positive connecting point between one coupling and the opposing coupling, this eliminates cross-threading.

11. What is a HIGBEE INDICATOR?

* A cut to mark where the HIGBEE CUT begins, used to aid in matching up the male and female couplings.

12. Where should you make standpipe connections?

* One floor below the fire

13. Name some hose rolls?

* STRAIGHT ROLL * DONUT ROLL

* TWIN DONUT ROLL * SELF-LOCKING TWIN DONUT ROLL

14. What are the three most common hose loads for supply hoseline?

* ACCORDION * HORSESHOE * FLAT

15. What is a short fold or reverse bend in the hose during the loading process so that couplings do not have to be turned around to be pulled out of the bed?

* DUTCHMAN

16. What are the three basic hose lays for supply hose?

*FORWARD LAY (ALSO CALLED STRAIGHT LAY)

-laid from the water source to the fire(female coupling comes off hose bed first)

* REVERSE LAY -laid from the fire to the water source(male coupling comes off hose bed first)

* SPLIT LAY (SOMETIMES CALLED COMBINATION LAY) -hose can be laid to and from the junction to the water source and the incident scene.

17. Where should you lay hose in a stairway?

* Against the outside wall so it is not a tripping hazard.

18. What should you do when advancing hose into a structure?

* Have nozzle and back-up firefighter on the same side of the hoseline.

* Check the door for heat before entering

* Bleed the air from the hoseline once it is charged and before entering building.

* Stay low

IFSTA CHAPTER 13 FIRE STREAMS

1. How is water used as an extinguishing agent for fires?

* COOLING-removing the heat

* SMOTHERING-diluting the oxygen

2. At 212 degrees Fahrenheit water expands how many times its original volume?

* 1700

3. Define BTU? * BRITISH THERMAL UNIT is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit

4. Define a CALORIE? * the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

5. Define FRICTION LOSS? * That part of total pressure lost while forcing water through pipes,fittings, fire hose, and adapters.

6. Define WATER HAMMER?

* The resulting surge that occurs when the flow of water through fire hose or pipe is suddenly stopped.

7. What are 3 fire stream sizes and how are they classified?

*LOW-VOLUME STREAM -discharges less than 40 gpm

*HANDLINE STREAM -hose that flows from 40-350 gpm

*MASTER STREAM -discharges more than 350 gpm

8. What the 3 FIRE STREAM PATTERNS?

* SOLID * FOG * BROKEN

9. What are the FOG NOZZLE settings? * STRAIGHT STREAM

* NARROW FOG (15-45 DEGREES)

* WIDE FOG (45-80 DEGREES)

10. What are advantages of a solid stream?

* REACH AND PENETRATION

11. What are some advantages of a fog stream?

* ADJUSTABLE PATTERN AND BETTER HEAT ABSORBTION

12. What is POINT OF BREAKOVER?

* THE POINT AT WHICH A STREAM BEGINS TO LOSE FORWARD VELOCITY.

13. What are the 5 factors that affect the reach of a fog stream?

* GRAVITY * WATER VELOCITY * WIND

* FIRE STREAM PATTERN SELECTION

* WATER DROPLET FRICTION WITH AIR

14. What are the two basic categories of flammable liquids?

* HYDROCARBONS * POLAR SOLVENTS

14. What are HYDROCARBONS (Examples) and what concentration of CLASS B FOAM is used on them? * HYDROCARBONS -petroleum-based and float on water

(crude oil,fuel oil,gasoline,benzene,naphtha,jet fuel,kerosene) -3% most effective FOAM

15. What are POLAR SOLVENTS (Examples) and what concentration of CLASS B FOAM is used on them? * POLAR SOLVENTS-have an attraction to water

(alcohols, acetone, lacquer thinner, ketones, esters and acids) -6% most effective FOAM

16. How does fire fighting foam extinguish and prevent fire?

* SEPARATING-Creating a barrier between fuel and the fire.

* COOLING-Lowers the temperature of the fuel and adjacent surfaces.

* SUPPRESSING-Prevents the release of flammable vapors, reducing the possibility of ignition or reignition.

17. What type of FOAM is used on wildland fires?

*CLASS A

18. What are 3 methods of applying FOAM?

* ROLL ON * BANK-DOWN *RAIN-DOWN

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download