Contemporary Theories of Learning: Learning theorists … in ...

Contemporary Theories of Learning

In this definitive collection of today's most influential learning theorists, sixteen worldrenowned experts present their understanding of what learning is and how human learning takes place.

Professor Knud Illeris has collected chapters that explain both the complex frameworks in which learning takes place and the specific facets of learning, such as the acquisition of learning content, personal development, and the cultural and social nature of learning processes. Each international expert provides either a seminal text or an entirely new pr?cis of the conceptual framework they have developed over a lifetime of study.

Elucidating the key concepts of learning, Contemporary Theories of Learning provides both the perfect desk reference and an ideal introduction for students. It will prove an authoritative guide for researchers and academics involved in the study of learning and an invaluable resource for all those dealing with learning in daily life and work. It provides a detailed synthesis of current learning theories ... all in the words of the theorists themselves.

The theories of

KNUD ILLERIS ? PETER JARVIS ? ROBERT KEGAN ? YRJ? ENGESTR?M ? BENTE ELKJAER ? JACK MEZIROW ? HOWARD GARDNER ? PETER ALHEIT ? JOHN HERON ? MARK TENNANT ? JEROME BRUNER ? ROBIN USHER ? THOMAS ZIEHE ? JEAN LAVE ? ETIENNE WENGER ? DANNY WILDEMEERSCH & VEERLE STROOBANTS

in their own words

Knud Illeris is Professor of Lifelong Learning at the Danish University of Education. He is internationally acknowledged as an innovative contributor to learning theory and adult education. In 2005 he became an Honorary Adjunct Professor of Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 2006 he was inducted to The International Hall of Fame of Adult and Continuing Education. He is the author of numerous books, including How We Learn, which provides a comprehensive understanding of human learning and non-learning.

Contemporary Theories of Learning

Learning theorists ... in their own words

Edited by Knud Illeris

First published 2009 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge's collection of thousands of eBooks please go to eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

? 2009 Knud Illeris

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Contemporary theories of learning: learning theorists--in their own words / edited by Knud Illeris.--1st.

p. cm. 1. Learning--Philosophy. 2. Adult learning. I. Illeris, Knud. LB1060.C6558 2009 370.15'23--dc22 2008027878

ISBN 0-203-87042-5 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN10: 0-415-47343-8 (hbk) ISBN10: 0-415-47344-6 (pbk)

ISBN13: 978-0-415-47343-9 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-47344-6 (pbk)

Contents

List of figures

vii

Introduction

1

1 A comprehensive understanding of human learning

7

KNUD ILLERIS

2 Learning to be a person in society: learning to be me

21

PETER JARVIS

3 What "form" transforms? A constructive-developmental

approach to transformative learning

35

ROBERT KEGAN

4 Expansive learning: toward an activity-theoretical

reconceptualization

53

YRJ? ENGESTR?M

5 Pragmatism: a learning theory for the future

74

BENTE ELKJAER

6 An overview on transformative learning

90

JACK MEZIROW

7 Multiple approaches to understanding

106

HOWARD GARDNER

8 Biographical learning ? within the new lifelong learning

discourse

116

PETER ALHEIT

vi Contents

9 Life cycles and learning cycles

129

JOHN HERON

10 Lifelong learning as a technology of the self

147

MARK TENNANT

11 Culture, mind, and education

159

JEROME BRUNER

12 Experience, pedagogy, and social practices

169

ROBIN USHER

13 `Normal learning problems' in youth: in the context of

underlying cultural convictions

184

THOMAS ZIEHE

14 The practice of learning

200

JEAN LAVE

15 A social theory of learning

209

ETIENNE WENGER

16 Transitional learning and reflexive facilitation: the case of

learning for work

219

DANNY WILDEMEERSCH AND VEERLE STROOBANTS

Index

233

Figures

1.1 The main areas of the understanding of learning

8

1.2 The fundamental processes of learning

9

1.3 The three dimensions of learning and competence development 10

2.1 Kolb's learning cycle

23

2.2 Jarvis' 1987 model of learning

24

2.3 The transformation of sensations: learning from primary

experience

26

2.4 The transformation of the person through learning

29

2.5 The internalisation and externalisation of culture

33

3.1 Two kinds of learning: informative and transformative

43

3.2 Five increasingly complex epistemologies

47

4.1 Vygotsky's model of mediated act and its common

reformulation

54

4.2 The structure of a human activity system

55

4.3 Two interacting activity systems as minimal model for the

third generation of activity theory

56

4.4 Contradictions in children's health care in the Helsinki area

64

4.5 Conceptual model of the care agreement practice

68

4.6 Strategic learning actions and corresponding contradictions in

the cycle of expansive learning

70

4.7 Expanded view of directionalities in concept formation

71

5.1 Comparison between a traditional concept of experience and

Dewey's concept of experience

81

5.2 After Dewey's process of inquiry

83

5.3 After Kolb's learning cycle

85

9.1 The basic life cycle of the ego

132

9.2 The basic learning cycle of the ego

133

9.3 The distressed ego life cycle

134

9.4 Compulsive roles of the distressed ego

135

9.5 Guilt and blame of the distressed ego

136

9.6 The reversal learning cycle of the ego

137

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