The Muscular System

[Pages:58]Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

Elaine N. Marieb

Seventh Edition

Chapter 6

The Muscular System

Slides 6.1 ? 6.58

Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Muscular System

Muscles are responsible for all types of body movement

Three basic muscle types are found in the body

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 6.2

Characteristics of Muscles

Muscle cells are elongated (muscle cell = muscle fiber)

Contraction of muscles is due to the movement of myofilaments ? the muscle cell

equivalent of the microfilaments of cytoskeletons

All muscles share some terminology

Prefix myo refers to muscle Prefix mys refers to muscle Prefix sarco refers to flesh

Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 6.3

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics

Most are attached by tendons to bones Cells are multinucleate & cigar-shaped Striated ? have visible banding Voluntary ? subject to conscious control Cells are surrounded and bundled by

connective tissue

Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 6.4

Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal Muscle

Endomysium ? connective tissue around single muscle fiber

Perimysium ? around a fascicle (bundle) of fibers

Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 6.1 Slide 6.5

Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal Muscle

Epimysium ? covers the entire skeletal muscle

Fascia ? on the outside of the epimysium

Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 6.1 Slide 6.6

Skeletal Muscle Attachments

Epimysium blends into a connective tissue attachment

Tendon ? cord-like structure Aponeuroses ? sheet-like structure

Sites of muscle attachment

Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings

Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 6.7

Smooth Muscle Characteristics

Has no striations

Spindle-shaped cells

Single nucleus

Involuntary ? no conscious control

Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs ? visceral

Arranged in two sheets

or layers

Figure 6.2a

Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 6.8

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