Language Features - ESOL - Literacy Online
Language Features
|Word |Definition |Example |Effect |
|Metaphor |Figure of speech: one thing is |She was a tower of strength |Can paint a meaningful picture |
| |said to be another |when her husband was killed. |that is easy to remember |
| | | |because two usually different |
| | | |things are said to be the same.|
|Simile |Figure of speech: one thing is |He described his experience as |Can paint a meaningful picture |
| |said to be as or like another |a visit to the heart of |that is easy to remember |
| | |darkness. |because two usually different |
| | | |things are compared. |
|Alliteration |Sound device; the repetition of|Culture Clash |Is fun to read or listen to. |
| |consonants, especially at the | |Creates rhythm. Is memorable. |
| |beginning of words, so that he | | |
| |words are linked together by | | |
| |sound. | | |
|Irony |The speaker means the opposite |A muslim extremist is likely to|Emphasises the words because |
| |of what she says. |be welcomed in the United |they mean the opposite of what |
| | |States. |you first expect. |
|Personification |Inanimate objects or non-living|The rain and hail lashed their |Can make the text more dramatic|
| |things are given the |faces with a fearful strength |and the listener/reader thinks |
| |characteristics or qualities of| |more deeply about the meaning. |
| |something that is alive | | |
|Direct speech |The words of a person quoted in|"You have overstayed your |Makes the text seem real. |
| |a text. Speech marks show the |welcome" the immigration | |
| |beginning and end of direct |officer retorted. | |
| |speech. | | |
|Contractions |Shortened forms of words often |"don't push me, it's not my |Can make the text look informal|
| |in combination with other words|fault that they're homeless" |or like speech. |
|Colloquial language |Language that is casual rather |There are countless stories to |It is used in spoken language |
| |than formal. It is likely to be|share with my children about |but may be used in written |
| |used by people who know each |"their cuzzies" |language to create a feeling of|
| |other well. | |familiarity between the writer |
| | | |and the reader. |
|Passive voice |The subject has an action done |The asylum seeker was detained |More common in impersonal, |
| |to it by an agent who may or |indefinitely |formal writing and the writer |
| |may not be named. | |may use passive verbs to |
| | | |suggest distance, objectivity |
| | | |or formality. |
|Emotive language |Shows the feeling and attitude |The so-called "Asian invasion" |Is often used in persuasive |
| |of the writer |of New Zealand is there for |writing to appeal to the |
| | |everyone to see. |reader's emotions rather than |
| | | |the mind. |
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