Grade 9 English Grammar Handbook - GIFS

HOLT McDOUGAL LITERATURE

Language Handbook

Additional Practice in Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics

GRADE 9

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Table of Contents

To the Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Language Handbook 1

The Parts of Speech

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6 Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8

Worksheet 9 Worksheet 10

Identifying Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Identifying and Using Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Identifying Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Identifying and Using Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Using and Identifying Helping Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Identifying and Using Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Identifying Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Identifying and Using Prepositions,Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Interjections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Reviewing the Parts of Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Language Handbook 2

Agreement

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2

Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5

Worksheet 6 Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8 Worksheet 9

Making Subject and Verb Agree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Identifying and Correcting Agreement of Subject and Verb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Using Correct Agreement with Subject and Verb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Other Problems in Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . 18 Identifying Agreement with Collective Nouns and with Subjects That Follow Verbs . . . . . . . . . . 19 Reviewing Agreement of Subject and Verb . . . . . 20 Making Pronouns Agree with Their Antecedents . 22 Ensuring Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement . . . . . . 23 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Language Handbook 3

Using Verbs

Worksheet 1

Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4

Identifying the Principal Parts of Regular and Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Using Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Using the Irregular Verbs Lie and Lay . . . . . . . . . 30 Using the Irregular Verbs Sit and Set and Rise and Raise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

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Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6 Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8

Using the Right Tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Correcting Needless Changes in Tense . . . . . . . . 35 Identifying and Using Active and Passive Voice . . 36 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Language Handbook 4

Using Pronouns

Worksheet 1

Worksheet 2

Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6

Worksheet 7

Using the Nominative Case for Subjects and Predicate Nominatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Using the Objective Case for Direct and Indirect Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Identifying and Using the Objective Case for Objects of Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Identifying and Using Correct Pronoun Forms . . 45 Special Pronoun Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Using Pronouns with Than and As; Ensuring Clear Pronoun Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Language Handbook 5

Using Modifiers

Worksheet 1

Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5

Using Comparative and Superlative Forms of Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Problems with Using Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Correcting Dangling Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Correcting Misplaced Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Language Handbook 6

Phrases

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6

Identifying Phrases and Prepositional Phrases . . . 63 Using and Identifying Adjective Phrases . . . . . . . 64 Identifying Adverb Phrases and Adjective Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Identifying Participles and Participial Phrases . . . 68 Identifying Gerunds and Gerund Phrases . . . . . . 69 Identifying Infinitives, Infinitive Phrases, and Infinitive Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

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Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8

Identifying and Using Appositives and Appositive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Language Handbook 7

Clauses

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5

Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Identifying and Using Adjective Clauses . . . . . . . 75 Identifying Adverb Clauses and Adjective Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Identifying Noun Clauses and Subordinate Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Language Handbook 8

Sentence Structure

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4

Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6

Worksheet 7

Worksheet 8

Worksheet 9 Worksheet 10

Identifying Sentences and Sentence Fragments . . 81 Identifying and Using Subjects and Predicates . . . 83 Identifying the Simple Subject and the Simple Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Identifying the Simple Subject and the Simple Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Identifying the Simple Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Identifying Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Identifying Subject Complements and Direct Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Identifying Subject Complements, Direct Objects, and Indirect Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Classifying Sentences by Purpose and Structure . 90 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Language Handbook 9

Writing Complete Sentences

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Creating Sentences from Fragments . . . . . . . . . . 95 Revising Run-on Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

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Language Handbook 10

Writing Effective Sentences

Worksheet 1

Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4

Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6 Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8 Worksheet 9 Worksheet 10

Combining Sentences by Inserting Words and Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Combining Sentences by Inserting Phrases . . . . 104 Combining Sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Combining Sentences and Using Parallel Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Combining Sentences with Adjective Clauses . . 110 Combining Sentences with Adverb Clauses . . . . 112 Combining Sentences with Noun Clauses . . . . . 114 Revising Stringy and Wordy Sentences . . . . . . . 116 Varying Sentence Beginnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Language Handbook 11

Capitalization

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2

Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5

Capitalizing Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Using Capitals for Proper Nouns, Proper Adjectives, and School Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Using Capitals for Proper Nouns, Proper Adjectives, School Subjects, and Titles . . . . . . . . 126 Practicing Capital Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Language Handbook 12

Punctuation

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2

Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4

Worksheet 5

Worksheet 6

Using End Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Punctuating Abbreviations; Using Commas in a Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Using Commas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Using Commas with Nonessential or Introductory Phrases and Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Using Commas after Introductory Elements, and for Elements That Interrupt a Sentence . . . . 136 Setting Off Appositives with Commas . . . . . . . . 137

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Worksheet 7

Worksheet 8 Worksheet 9

Using Commas for Parenthetical Expressions and for Dates and Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Using Semicolons and Colons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Language Handbook 13

Punctuation

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2

Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4

Italics and Quotation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Punctuating Quotations; Using Quotation Marks to Enclose Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Punctuating Dialogue and Quoted Passages . . . . 146 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Language Handbook 14

Punctuation

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5

Forming Possessives with Apostrophes . . . . . . . 150 Using Apostrophes with Possessive Forms . . . . . 151 Using Apostrophes, Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses . . . . . . . . . . 155 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Language Handbook 15

Spelling

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6

Using Word Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Using Spelling Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Adding Prefixes and Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Forming Plurals of Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Forming Plurals of Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Language Handbook 16

Glossary of Usage

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Common Usage Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Common Usage Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

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