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Walker AP World History Ch 20 Reading Study Guide P. 444-467

1. How might the adventuresome life of Baquaqua offer us some insight to the tumultuous world of the 18th & 19 Century Atlantic Economy? Pg. 444

2. How and why did Europeans become involved in the affairs and history of Africa? Pg. 445

3. What was the MAJOR impact of European contact? Pg. 445

(Timeline Pg. 446)

4. When did the Portuguese establish their fortress at El Mina? __________

5. When did the English first become involved in the Atlantic Slave Trade? __________

6. When did the Dutch establish their colony at the Cape of Good Hope? __________

7. When did the British take control of it? __________

8. How did the Portuguese use their forts along the west coast of Africa?

9. Which kingdom did the Portuguese attempt to “Europeanize”? Pg. 446

10. What was the Portuguese attitude toward Africans? Pg. 447

11. How did the Portuguese (and later Europeans) acquire MOST of their slaves in Africa? Pg. 447-448

12. What new agricultural product required a large number of laborers (slaves)? Pg. 448

13. How many Africans were forcibly shipped across the Atlantic between 1450 & 1850? What was the mortality rate? Pg. 448

14. Where did the slave population grow through reproduction NOT merely through additional shipments? Why? Pg. 449

15. According to Table 20.2; What area received the largest number of slaves? Where does British North America (USA) rank? Pg. 449

16. How did the older Trans-Saharan Salve Trade differ from the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade? Pg. 449

17. What was the purpose of the Royal African Company? Pg. 450

18. Why does Stearns call Africa a “graveyard” for Europeans? Pg. 450

19. Which two European cities specifically benefitted economically from the slave trade? Pg. 450

20. Describe “Triangular Trade” – Is this inexorably linked to capitalistic development? Pg. 450

21. Describe the different forms of African slavery BEFORE European involvement. Pg. 451

22. Why was the enslavement of women an important feature or pre-European slavery? Pg. 451

23. How did Europeans fit themselves into existing trading patterns in Africa? Pg 451-452

(Thinking Historically: Slavery and Human Society, Pg. 452)

24. In what ways had slavery ALWAYS been part of human civilization? (Reading, Pg. 452)

25. How did Trans-Atlantic Slavery lead to increased racism? (Reading, Pg. 452)

26. What European ideas lead toward and abolition of slavery? (Reading, Pg. 452)

27. How did the slave trade and the introduction of European goods/weaponry affect African politics? Pg. 452

28. How was the Asante (Ashante) kingdom formed? Pg. 454

29. Though the kingdom of Benin engaged in some slave trade, what were their principal products? Pg. 455

30. Describe the rise and influence of the Kingdom of Dahomey. Pg. 455

31. How did African Art find its way into European ‘high society’? Pg. 456

32. How did some Indian, Swahili & Arab merchants follow the European “example” in E. Africa? Pg. 456

33. How did the Fulani tribe seek to reform ‘corrupt’ Islamic kings? Pg. 457

34. What was the outcome of the Fulani reform? Pg. 457

35. When and why did the Dutch East India Company establish a colony at the Cape of Good Hope? Pg. 458

36. How did this lead to white settlement and expansion in southern Africa? Pg. 458

37. Who were the Afrikaners? Pg. 458

38. When did the British seize Cape Colony? Pg. 458

39. How did this seizure lead to the Great Trek? Pg. 458

40. Describe the activities and impacts of Shaka Zulu. Pg. 458-459

41. What was the outcome of the Zulu Wars of the 1870s? Pg. 459

42. How did African culture survive in the New World? Pg. 460

(Document: An African’s Description of the Middle Passage, Pg. 461)

43. In what ways does Equiano's description contradict a previous understanding of the slave trade? (Reading, Pg. 461)

44. What opportunities existed for the captives to resist? (Reading, Pg. 461)

45. What effect might the experience of Africans on the slave ships have had on their perceptions of each other and of the Europeans? (Reading, Pg. 461)

46. Who were Creole's and why were they made free more often than African born slaves? Pg. 462

47. What African cultures persisted in Brazil? Jamaica? Haiti? Pg. 464

48. What were Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s & Adam Smith’s views on slavery? Pg. 465

49. Which religious figures were heavily involved in the slavery abolition effort in the British Empire? Pg. 465

50. When did slavery finally end in the New World? Pg. 465

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