INSIDE: 10–11 Paul Aasen: OUTBREAK! 2 12 MN Standards ...

[Pages:18]March 2016

Volume 48 | Number 2

INSIDE:

Paul Aasen: OUTBREAK! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 MN Standards Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Federal OSHA News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 MN Workers' Comp Infographic . . . . . . . . . 5 Most Frequently Cited Standards . . . . . . . . 6 Training Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Regulatory Update; New Guide

for Incident Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . 8?9

Conference Keynoters & Sessions! . . 10?11 Opioid Overdose Epidemic . . . . . . . . . . 12

Protecting Workers from Cold; 2016

Safety Stand-down; Articles of Interest . . 13

Philips AEDs ? Simply the Best

New Winter Emergency Kit! . . . . . . . . . . 14

Traffic Hazards: Are Your

Employees Prepared? . . . . . . . . . . . 15?16

Off-the-Job Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17?18

Memo MINNESOTA SAFETY COUNCIL

TO MEMBERS

GET THE SCOOP!

It's all on-site!

Name badges and luncheon tickets provided onsite only -- no packets sent in advance.

M ore eco-friendly!

Full conference program available online -- don't look for it in the mail. BUT, we'll have new and improved programs for your use at the conference.

Stay organized and in the loop!

Our conference app will put all aspects of the conference at your fingertips.

See the conference overview on pages 10?11 or link to our conference web page.

82nd Annual

MINNESOTA

SAFETY& HEALTH

CONFERENCE

Drive

SAFE

Work

SAFE

Live

SAFE

Image ?Allen Zumach, St. Paul, MN

82nd annual Minnesota Safety and Health Conference, May 3?5

What it can do for you!

Three days, 1400+ participants, more than 100 speakers and trainers, 135 vendors and exhibitors, Governor's Safety Awards . . . all wrapped into the Minneapolis Convention Center for one purpose: to make you, your company, your community and your state a safer place to work, drive and live!

Are you a veteran safety professional? Catch up on the latest information and resources, plus network with your peers. Are you new to the safety profession? Start collecting CEUs/certifications by attending training sessions. Maybe you're the Human Resource Director who just got handed the safety program?

The Introduction to Occupational Safety course could be just the class you want to take!

Details and registration at conf.

On

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OUTBREAK!

BY PAUL W. AASEN, President, Minnesota Safety Council

It's all over the headlines. Zika virus outbreak in the Americas. Explosive spread of Zika concerns World Health Organization. Ebola outbreak in Guinea declared over. Wait! New Ebola cases emerge in Sierra Leone.

All of it serious, more than a little frightening and seemingly, a long distance away from Minnesota.

But here at home, we have our own outbreak. We are having an outbreak of traffic deaths, crashes and injuries. How can traffic "accidents" be an outbreak? Just look at the numbers. In January 2015, Minnesota had nine traffic-related fatalities. In January 2016, we had 25, yes, TWENTY-FIVE, and the number could go higher! Last year's traffic fatalities are at 409, which means we killed 48 more people in 2015 on our roads. Hidden in the 409 are twice as many motorcycle and pedestrian deaths as 2014. Bicycling fatalities were also up considerably. In a very rough sense, you can multiply the number of deaths by 100 to get the number of people injured and multiply by 1000 to estimate the number of crashes. All of which cost health, wellness, time and money. Outbreak indeed.

Now for the reality check. This outbreak isn't being caused by some virus that lays dormant for years, only to spread disease when conditions are right. We are the cause of our outbreak. The top three causes of crashes forever have been driver inattention, speed and impairment. None of which are caused by a sneaky virus, and all of which we control. It's a pox on our house that we can stop.

What's the prescription?

1.Today when you drive, put down the phone, tune into the roadway around you, reduce your speed and give yourself a chance to act and react to avoid a crash or worse.

2.T oday when you walk, put down the phone, cross streets where you are expected, do not expect vehicles to see you or stop for you, and don't gamble with the street, because cars and trucks win.

3.T oday when you bicycle, obey the rules of the road, expect both vehicles and pedestrians to be surprised by you, wear your helmet, make yourself visible, put the odds on your side.

4.Today at work, schedule a defensive driving refresher for you and your co-workers.

5.Today at home, talk about safe driving with new drivers, old drivers, all drivers and don't take any trip on the road for granted. After all, there's an outbreak going on out there.

Asked and Answered!

The SafetyNet Member Community by the Numbers

TOTAL POSTINGS IN 2015: 771 INCREASE OVER 2014: 20% WEEKLY AVERAGE: 15 postings

MOST POPULAR THREAD:

Fall protection

Members are generous in sharing information and their experience. If you've got a question, make use of this tremendous resource! Post a question/ respond through the community e-mails, or log in at mo and click the SafetyNet link. Need log-in info? Click "Forgot your log-in?"

2 Minnesota Safety Council Memo to Members | March 2016

HOW TO REACH US Minnesota Safety Council

Membership

Cary Swenson Director of Membership Services cary.swenson@

Jeff Lovig Manager of Membership Services jeff.lovig@

Linda McNurlin Membership Services Assistant linda.mcnurlin@

Steve Rauh Product Sales Coordinator steve.rauh@

Alan Terwedo First Aid Programs Coordinator al.terwedo@

Continuing Education

Regina Hoffman Director of Continuing Education gina.hoffman@

Jan Fedora Consultant, Occupational Safety and Health Services jan.fedora@

Lisa Kons Coordinator, Continuing Education lisa.kons@

Angie Kupczak Program Assistant angie.kupczak@

Bill Schreiner Consultant, Commercial Motor Vehicle/ Industrial Safety bill.schreiner@

Sheila Thao Program Assistant sheila.thao@

Emily Neuman Program Assistant emily.neuman@

Family Safety Programs

Erin Petersen Coordinator, Family Safety Programs erin.petersen@

Video Library

Angie Kupczak Video Librarian angie.kupczak@

Administration

Paul Aasen President paul.aasen@

Ann Kulenkamp Director of Communications ann.kulenkamp@

Wade Salstrom Manager, Administration wade.salstrom@

Kristy Zack Communications/Information Technician kristy.zack@

Vicki Daca Bookkeeper vicki.daca@

On

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Now in Effect: Confined Spaces in Construction Final Rule

Federal OSHA's final rule on confined spaces in construction became effective in Minnesota on January 4, 2016. The rule replaced OSHA's one training requirement for confined-space work with a comprehensive standard. The standard includes a permit program designed to protect employees from exposure to many hazards associated with work in confined spaces, including atmospheric and physical hazards.

The final rule is similar in content and organization to the general industry confined-spaces standard, but also incorporates several provisions that address construction-specific hazards. It also accounts for technology advancements and improves enforceability of the requirements. Minnesota OSHA adopted the final rule as published in the May 4, 2015 Federal Register.

Reminder: Hazard Communication Effective Dates

A reminder from MNOSHA about effective dates for the federal Hazard Communication standard, adopted by MNOSHA with minor exceptions, as published in the September 10, 2012 State Register.

MNOSHA states that "until all effective dates of the standard are reached, Minnesota employers may choose to comply with the revised Part 1910.1200 or the current Minnesota Employee Right-to-Know Act. The first effective date for all employers -- to provide training on the new data sheet format and the new pictograms for labels -- was Dec. 1, 2013. Next, labels and safety data sheets were required to conform to the changes by June 1, 2015 (Dec. 1, 2015 for distributors). Finally, written programs and signs are required to be in compliance by June 1, 2016.

By 2016, material safety data sheets will be known as safety data sheets, their content will be set out in a unified manner, the descriptions and hazard warnings will be standardized, and employees will need to be retrained about these changes and new labeling pictograms."

HAZARD COMMUNICATION INFORMATION RESOURCES

Federal OSHA hazard communication information: dsg/hazcom

Full text of federal OSHA's final rule: dsg/hazcom/ghs-final-rule.html

Side-by-side comparison of old versus new: dsg/hazcom/side-by-side.html

Minnesota OSHA recordkeeping information: dli.OSHA/Recordkeeping.asp

Free Member Webinar: GHS Got You Flustered?

How to simplify HazCom with MSDSonline

If you still have questions about GHS and SDSs, join us for a free member webinar that will give some insight into the new standard and also demonstrate how MSDSonline can save you a lot of time and headaches. Our Products Coordinator Steve Rauh will be joined by Jake Furey from MSDSonline to demonstrate this powerful tool. After the demo there will be time for Q&A about this online system and about GHS.

MSDSonline is designed to help you:

?Get compliant with GHS standards

?Go electronic with your binders and get automatic updates

? Streamline your retention

?Get access from anywhere, including your phone or tablet

?Make secondary container labeling a breeze

Wednesday, March 2 2:00?3:00 p.m.

Space is limited -- register now!

3 Minnesota Safety Council Memo to Members | March 2016

On

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Most Serious Workplace Injuries Cost Employers $62 Billion per Year

Workplace

Liberty Mutual Insurance Company's annual analysis of the ten most serious causes of non-fatal workplace injuries pegs the workers' compensation cost to employers at $62 billion per year. This translates into more than a billion dollars a week spent by businesses on these injuries.

The complete 2016 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index is available online. For Minnesota-specific workers' comp information from the Department of Labor and Industry, see the chart on the facing page.

$ Billions

Top 10 Causes and Direct Costs of the Most Disabling U.S. Workplace Injuries1,2

Overexertion involving

outside source

Total cost of the most disabling workplace injuries: $61.88 billion Cost of top 10 most disabling workplace injuries: $51.06 billion

Falls on same level

24.4% $15.08

16.4% $10.17

Falls to lower level

8.7% $5.40

Struck by object or equipment

Other exertions or

bodily reactions

Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicle

Slip or trip without fall

Caught in/ compressed by equipment or objects

Struck against object or equipment

Repetitive motions involving micro-tasks

8.6% $5.31

6.7% $4.15

4.8% $2.96

3.8% $2.35

3.2% $1.97

3.0% $1.85

2.9% $1.82

2016 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index (based on 2013 injury data)

Top 10 Injury Causes3

Overexertion involving outside sources ranked first among

The remaining five injury causes combined accounted for

the leading causes of disabling injury. This event category, 17.7 percent of the total direct cost of disabling injuries.

Federal OSHA News which includes injuries related to lifting, pushing, pulling, holding, carrying or throwing objects, cost businesses

These included: roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicle; slip or trip without fall; caught in/compressed by

$15.08 billion in direct costs and accounted for nearly a

Hearing on proposed berylliuqmuarrteurloef .the overall national burden. Falls on same level Federal OSHA has scheduled an inforaarcnmckoeuadnltspeeducofbonlrdi1cw6h.i4thepaderirriecnecgtnctooosnf ttshietosfto$pt1ar0lo.i1np7juobrsyilelbidounrdaennd. Falls beryllium rule for February 29 at 2 ptoma EloSwTer, lienveWl raanskheidntghitrodnat, $D5..4Cb.ilMlionoraend 8.7 percent information about presenting testimoofnthyeobrurqdeune,satnidonstirnucgk wbyitonbjeescst eosr einqutiphmeent ranked December 30 Federal Register. fourth at $5.31 billion and 8.6 percent. Other exertions or

Most Must Post equipment or objects; struck against objects or equipment;

and repetitive motions involving micro-tasks.

OSHA 300A

Direct costs of all disabling work-related injuries equaled

Summary Feb. 1 ? $61.88 billion, with the top 10 causes comprising 82.5 April 30 percent -- or $51.06 billion of the total cost burden.

bodily reactions ranked fifth at $4.15 billion and 6.7 percent Scientific Methodology

Slips, trips and falls rule withdofrtahewtontalfirnojumry burredevni.eTwhe.se top five injury causes

AThreeLmibeirntydMeurtuatlhWaotrkipflaycoe Suafeetmy Inpdleoxyis developed

On December 21, federal OSHA witahcdcroeunwteidtsforu64le.8opnercselinpt ,otfrthipe taontadl cost burden.

mbaoserdeotnhinafonrmtaetionn pfroemoLpibleert,y yMoutuual, the U.S. Bureau

fall hazards from Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review.

Safety+Health magazine reports that the final rule had been tentatively

scheduled for publication in April, aTftheer LmiboerretythMauntutawl RoedseecaarcdheIsnisntitute for Safety is

development.

owned and operated by Liberty Mutual Insurance a leading, diversified, global insurer. To find out

moSfouLcsaiabtloIpnr sSoutrasatitnsctaiec.ssL(iBubLemSrty)m, Manaudtrutyahle(reONsaeStaioHrnchaAel ArsceaxdaemmiyneofBLS Finojurrymda3ta0to0dAete) romifneywohuicrh 2ev0e1nt5s caused employees to OmSissHsAix orremcoorerddakyseoef pwoinrkganldothge,n rank those events by ftrootaml woFrkeebrsrcuomapreyns1ati?onAcopstrsi.l 30,

Ruling sets precedent for OSHmawAoarredaa-bwbaoinutnteiLnmigbeescrntiyetnMrceeutqoufautlhiIrneesRumerasenencaertcsah.nIdnstthiteute,

2016, even if you had no 1 The 2016 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index is based on 2013 injury data. 2 Based on release date changes, this year's index is titled 2016 Liberty Mutual Workplace

An administrative law judge has ruvleisdit twhwatwt.lhibaetrUty.mS.uOtucacliunspuartainocnea.cl oSmaf.ety

injuries or illnesses. Safety Index and does not represent a break in the series. 3 Due to a new BLS coding system implemented in 2011, the latest index series (2013, 2014, 2016)

and Health Review Commission may have the authority under the OSH

is not directly comparable to the prior series (2000 ? 2012).

Act to order abatement measures atLibceortymMputuaanl Ryeselaorcch aIntstiiotunte sforbSaefeytyo|n7d1 FtrahnkelanidnRiotaidal| lHyopkinton, MA 01748UMSA |oCLr3e620information on

inspected/cited worksite, an issue that will now proceed to trial.

the MNOSHA site at

dli.OSHA/

Impact of new OSHA penalties.

FROM RESEARCH TORReEcAoLIrTdYk? eeping.asp.

A recent article in OHS Online explores how new OSHA penalties will

impact businesses and organizations. The author suggests the change can

be an incentive for organizations to conduct a risk assessment and ensure

they are up to current OSHA standards/regulations.

4 Minnesota Safety Council Memo to Members | March 2016

On

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HOW DO WORKERS GET INJURED?

2014 workers' compensation claim characteristics

INDEMNITY CLAIMS

Approximately 22,500 Minnesota workers were paid workers' compensation indemnity benefits (wage loss and disability) for injuries and illnesses in 2014.

Workers have to experience a work disability longer than three days or have a permanent partial disability to qualify for these benefits. The figures on this page depict the most common injury characteristics of such injured workers.

NATURE OF INJURY

Sprains, strains, tears Pain

Contusions Fractures

Open wounds

11% 10% 10% 7%

53%

EVENT OR EXPOSURE

Fall to same level Overexertion while lifting or

lowering person or object

18% 11%

Struck by an object or equipment Overexertion while holding, carrying

or wielding a person or object

9% 8%

Slipping or tripping without falling

6%

Repetitive motion

6%

Fall to lower level

5%

SOURCE OF INJURY OR ILLNESS

Structures and surfaces Injured worker

Containers, furniture, fixtures Parts and materials

Person other than worker Tools, instruments, equip.

Vehicles

14% 10% 9% 9% 8%

20% 20%

5 Minnesota Safety Council Memo to Members | March 2016

INJURED WORKER CHARACTERISTICS

63 percent were men

24 percent were older than 54 years

10 percent were younger than 25 years

31 percent were at their job for less than a year

PART OF BODY INJURED

Head and neck 7% Shoulders 11%

Back 19% Arms and hands 23% Trunk/internal organs/ body systems 7% Knees 11% Legs and feet 12% Multiple parts 10%

lamibnnoesrota&deipnardtmuesnttorf y research and statistics

On

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MNOSHA's Most Frequently Cited Standards, All Industries, 2015*

STANDARD

Minnesota Rules 5206.0700 1910.1200

1926.501 Minnesota Statutes 182.653 subd. 8 1910.212

1910.147

1910.134 1910.178 1910.305

Minnesota Rules 5205.0116

DESCRIPTION

Employee right-to-know training

Hazard communication: Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling (GHS) labeling and safety data sheet (SDS) training

Fall protection in construction

A Workplace Accident and Injury Reduction (AWAIR) program

Machinery and machine guarding ? general requirements

The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout)

Respiratory protection

Powered industrial trucks

Electrical wiring methods, components and equipment in general industry

Carbon monoxide monitoring

FREQUENCY

557 403

280 236 205 172 149 149 132

99

*Federal fiscal year, October 2014 ? September 2015

Also see MNOSHA fact sheets showing most frequent citations in the construction industry and in general industry, linked from dli.OSHA/FactSheets.asp.

NOT A TALL TALE:

Northern MN Safety Conference, April 12

Attention northern region! Do you want to develop and improve knowledge of contemporary safety issues? The annual Northern Minnesota Safety Conference, April 12th, 2016 in Bemidji is for you! Whether you're a business owner, in management or an employee, you'll find sessions to help improve your company, department or personal skills. Register now!

6 Minnesota Safety Council Memo to Members | March 2016

February and March (and April too!) Construction Training Opportunities

When the calendar flips to February we know many of you start gearing up for the spring outdoor work season. We have you covered!

Confined Space Entry in Construction

Trenching & Excavating Competent Person

Fall Protection Competent Person

10-hour OSHA Construction

Electrical Safety: NFPA 70E

Forklift Train-the-Trainer

Lockout/Tagout Workshop

OSHA 510

Just added: OSHA 30-hour Occupational Safety & Health Standards for the Construction Industry

Plus we can come onsite to your business and offer any of the above classes, as well as aerial lift, forklift operator and scaffolding training. E-mail Gina Hoffman for details.

Course SCHEDULE | courses

WORKPLACE VIOLENCE: Identifying Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies with Local Law Enforcement Partners

Joint Meeting of ASSE, AIHA, AHMP, and MAOHN (the TEAM Approach). March 10 | 11:30 a.m. ? 1:30 p.m. | $35 | Radisson Minneapolis/St. Paul North

Register online

FEBRUARY 2016

21

Math Review Course for Certification Exams

22?24ASP Review Course

23

Defensive Driving Course, Basic (8-hour)

25?27Certified Safety Professional (CSP) Comprehensive Practice and Specialty Examination Review Course

25

Right-to-Know Train-the-Trainer PLUS

29?3/3 Principles of Occupational Safety and Health

MARCH 2016

3

Forklift Train-the-Trainer PLUS

4

Fall Protection: Competent Person

7?9OSHA 503 Update for General Industry Outreach Trainers

9

Lockout/Tagout Train-the-Trainer PLUS Workshop

10?11 10-hour OSHA Construction Safety Course

10Drug and Alcohol Recognition for Supervisors

10Joint Meeting: Workplace Violence

11

Electrical Safety in the Workplace: NFPA 70E

14?1730-Hour OS&H for General Industry

14?15 Defensive Driving Course, Basic (8-hour)

14?16Defensive Driving Course, Instructor (8-hour)

16?1710-hour OSHA General Industry Training

17

First Aid/CPR/AED Training

18

Industrial Laser Safety Operator Training

21?22Transporting Hazardous Materials and Dangerous Goods

22

Forklift Train-the-Trainer

23?24 First Aid/CPR/AED Instructor Training

23

Lockout/Tagout Workshop

29

Defensive Driving Course, Basic (4-hour)

29?30Defensive Driving Course, Instructor (4-hour)

29?4/1OSHA 501 Trainer Course in OS&H Standards, General Industry (30 contact hours)

APRIL 2016

5Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Compliance Workshop, Non-Health Care

6?8 Emergency Response Initial Training (24-hour)

7

Aerial Lift Train-the-Trainer PLUS

8

Emergency Response Initial Training (8-hour)

8

Emergency Response Refresher

11?14OSHA 510 OS&H Standards, Construction

12

Defensive Driving Course, Basic (8-hour)

14

Electrical Safety Train-the-Trainer PLUS

15

Forklift Train-the-Trainer

7 Minnesota Safety Council Memo to Members | March 2016

19?21 OSHA 502 Update for Construction

19

Defensive Driving Course, Basic (4-hour)

21AWAIR Workshop

21

First Aid/CPR/AED Training

22

Bloodborne Pathogens Train-the-Trainer PLUS

22

Electrical Safety in the Workplace: NFPA 70E

25?2830-Hour OS&H Standards, Construction

26?29 Safety Management Techniques

MAY 2016

3?5 2016 Minnesota Safety & Health Conference

10?13OSHA 500 Basic Instructor Course in OS&H Standards, Construction (30 contact hours)

12

Defensive Driving Course, Basic (8-hour)

16

Defensive Driving Course, Basic (4-hour)

16

Electrical Safety in the Workplace: NFPA 70E

17

Forklift Train-the-Trainer PLUS

17?20OSHA 511 OS&H Standards, General Industry

19?2010-hour OSHA General Industry Training

19

First Aid/CPR/AED Training

23

Industrial Laser Safety Operator Training

24

Forklift Train-the-Trainer

25

Accident/Incident Investigation

26

Right-to-Know Train-the-Trainer PLUS

JUNE 2016

1

Confined Space Entry in Construction

1

Defensive Driving Course, Basic (4-hour)

1?2Defensive Driving Course, Instructor (4-hour)

2AWAIR Workshop

3

Back Safety Train-the-Trainer PLUS

7?10 Safety Training Methods

8?9 First Aid/CPR/AED Instructor Training

13Drug and Alcohol Recognition for Supervisors

13OSHA 501 Trainer Course in OS&H Standards for General Industry (30 contact hours)

14

Aerial Lift Train-the-Trainer PLUS

16

First Aid/CPR/AED Training

20

Electrical Safety in the Workplace: NFPA 70E

21?24 30-Hour OS&H Standards for General Industry

21?22 Transporting Haz Mat and Dangerous Goods

23?2410-hour OSHA General Industry Training

23

Lockout/Tagout Train-the-Trainer PLUS Workshop

27?28 Defensive Driving Course, Basic (8-hour)

27?29Defensive Driving Course, Instructor (8-hour)

28

Confined Space Entry

29

Forklift Train-the-Trainer

On

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Regulatory Update from AIHA

BY STEVE GUTMANN, CIH CPE FAIHA

Thanks to Steve Gutmann, S.H. Gutmann Consulting, St. Paul, for this synopsis of the latest monthly regulatory update from the American Industrial Hygiene Association.

Washington is in full election mode.

This is a presidential election year and Congress has scheduled only 111 days to be in session. The election will include the offices for President, 34 Senate seats and all 435 seats in the House. Activities related to occupational safety and health include:

?Toxic Substances Control Act: Both the House and Senate have enacted legislation. However both versions are different so they must get together and see if they can work out their differences.

?Regulatory reform: There are about three dozen bills introduced to reform the regulatory process. Some are ideas that will never be considered but there are one or two that just may make their way into law before all is said and done.

? The budget: OSHA doesn't seem to be getting adequate resources to do the job. We will get a better look at what 2017 will look like when the President releases his 2017 budget proposal this month.

Congress fails to address major economic problems.

The Congressional Budget Office has reported that a number of economic issues are looming ahead.

?Sequestration bypassed: Congress has overridden sequestration cuts and increased spending by about $80 billion.

?Deficit spending Increased: The deficit will rise about $1.1 billion to $544 billion in 2016.

?The National Debt: Big increases are projected between 2015 and 2026.

8 Minnesota Safety Council Memo to Members | March 2016

Congress and states address safe patient handling.

?Congressional action: Bills have been introduced in the House and Senate, but stand little chance of passage.

?The states: Legislation is pending in the District of Columbia, Florida, Massachusetts and Minnesota.

Occupational safety and health state plans in the news.

There continues to be considerable activity regarding OSHA State Plans. Here's a short update on recent actions.

?New Jersey: They are the sixth state to administer safety and health programs for state and local government employees only.

? Indiana: Legislation is pending to repeal its state plan.

?Kansas and Missouri: Legislation is to develop a new state plan.

?Virginia: Legislation is to expand its state plan to include public employees

?West Virginia: Legislation is to develop a state plan to include employees of the Department of Corrections and the Division of Health.

?Tennessee: Legislation is to expand its state plan to cover individuals under the Longshoremen's Harbor and Workers Compensation Act.

?Other states: At least ten states are considering taking action on issues including whether or not to increase penalties for violations, what to do about workplace inspections and the discharge of employees.

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