Trading cities in the Latin West before 1500



A.P. World History Unit Test #3: 1450 - 1750 Class Set # ________

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.

1. Trading cities in the Latin West before 1500

(A) were often part of the large European empires.

(B) offered Christian men and women less social freedom than rural areas.

(C) were often “chartered cities” where residents could claim freedom.

(D) controlled the timing of peasant rebellions.

(E) were totally dependent on trade goods from the Silk Road.

2. The Roman Catholic Church condemned usury, which was the practice of?

(A) charging interest on loans.

(B) taking “gifts” for making loans.

(C) charging workers for giving them jobs.

(D) taking “gifts” for giving workers jobs.

(E) organizing guilds.

3. Many ancient Greek and Roman texts came back into the Latin West through

(A) the recapture of northern Germany from the Huns.

(B) the recapture of southern Italy from the Byzantines and Sicily and Toledo from the Muslims.

(C) contact with the court of Khubilai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty.

(D) the discovery of the remains of the ancient library at Alexandria.

(E) the Roman Catholic Church opening its archives to Jewish scholars.

4. What does this letter the king of Kongo sent to the king of Portugal in 1526 ask?

“[....]Sir, our country is being completely depopulated. To avoid this, we need some priests and a few people to teach in schools and no other goods except wine and flour for the holy sacrament. Command that no merchants or products be sent. It is our will that in these kingdoms there should not be any trade of slaves. [....]”

(A) The king of Kongo wants more trade with Portugal.

(B) The king of Portugal wants to colonize all parts of West Africa.

(C) They both wanted to stop the spread Christianity to West Africa.

(D) Neither desired that most of the gold in West Africa go to Muslim merchants.

(E) The king of Kongo wants to stop the slave trade.

5. In the 16th century, what was the common reaction to Vasco da Gama and other Portuguese mariners who sailed to the Indian Ocean basin?

(A) The sailors of the Red Sea laughed at their caravel ships.

(B) The queens of Ethiopia rejected all Portuguese attempts to ally with them.

(C) The ruler of Great Zimbabwe made expansive trade treaties with them.

(D) The Muslim rulers of the Swahili port cities were inspired to convert to Christianity.

(E) The rulers of most Muslim states were not very receptive to the Portuguese.

6. How did the Portuguese monopolize trade in the Indian Ocean basin?

(A) The Portuguese gave up control over Malacca.

(B) The Portuguese avoided major port cities such as Hormuz and Goa.

(C) The Portuguese insisted that all spices be carried on Portuguese ships.

(D) The Portuguese required merchants to carry passports from their own rulers.

(E) The Portuguese waived tariffs on both imports and exports.

7. The difference between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire was that

(A) The motives of the Spanish were solely religious.

(B) The Spanish created a territorial empire while the Portuguese created a trading empire.

(C) The motives of the Portuguese were solely economic.

(D) The Portuguese created a territorial empire while the Spanish created a trading empire.

(E) The Portuguese mariners were known as conquistadors.

8. What was the advantage of the caravel?

(A) more likely to tip over.

(B) maneuverable with a variety of wind patterns.

(C) slower and easier to control.

(D) smaller than the typical Mediterranean galley ship.

(E) almost as big as those in the Ming Treasure Ship fleet.

9. In the sixteenth century, how did the rulers of Benin limit their contact with the Portuguese?

(A) They declined offers to receive Catholic missionaries.

(B) They refused to allow Portuguese men to see the women of Benin.

(C) They opened the market in male slaves.

(D) They fully accepted Catholicism.

(E) They fought all attempts of the Portuguese to land in Benin.

10. Which of the following did most to strengthen royal power in Europe?

(A) Limiting the power and authority of the Roman Catholic Church.

(B) Supporting the growth of representative institutions.

(C) Building castles with large fortifications.

(D) Monarchs marrying their daughters to princes from other kingdoms.

(E) Encouraging diversity in languages and laws within their territories.

11. Which of the following is the best definition of absolutism?

(A) inability to form a constitution.

(B) absence of a constitution in any form.

(C) control of a monarch by a constitution.

(D) absence of any constitutional check on royal power.

(E) development of naval superiority.

12. What was a major change in European economies in the sixteenth century?

(A) a dramatic increase in teenage marriages.

(B) rise of investment banks.

(C) the decline of joint stock companies.

(D) the abolition of stock exchanges in the Italian city-states.

(E) an expansion in the sale of indulgences by itinerant priests.

13. Who was responsible for the initial spread of Islam to Western Africa?

(A) soldiers who fought on behalf of the Abbasid caliphate.

(B) a Sudanese empire that was rapidly growing.

(C) merchants on the Trans-Saharan trade routes.

(D) Muslim women who established schools for orphan children.

(E) Jews who fled from the Iberian peninsula in 1492.

14. Which of the following is an accurate description of slavery in Africa?

(A) It was first introduced by Muslim merchants.

(B) It was an ancient practice which incorporated slaves into the kinship system.

(C) It was confined to the female population.

(D) It was forbidden by the dominant traditional African belief system.

(E) It was the cruelest coerced labor system in the world before 1492.

15. Where did the following demographic change happen?

12-13 million in 1520; 17-18 million in 1580, to 30-35 million by 1600

A. in the Safavid Empire

B. in the Incan Empire

C. in the Ming Empire

D. in the Aztec Empire

E. in Oceania

16. What factor prompted the spread of Islam throughout Africa and Asia?

A. contact with Muslim merchants

B. active support of missionary efforts by Muslim administrators

C. required intermarriage with Muslims in port cities

D. similarities between Islam and many animistic religions

E. competition with Christian and Buddhist missionaries

17. The Mughal Empire is distinguished from the Ottomans and Safavids mostly because it was

A. not very warlike

B. heavily influenced by the Chinese

C. a Hindu land ruled by Muslims

D. still controlled by the Mongols

E. a vast territory divided among hundreds of Rajput princes

18. The Mughal Empire and the Chinese empires prospered from which of the following trade goods?

A. cotton cloth and silk

B. gold from Siberia and Ghana

C. cash crops such as coffee and cacao

D. East Africa wildlife like giraffes

E. tin and silver

19. Why did the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires all experience inflation in the 16th century?

A. uncontrolled spending by their noble classes

B. poor tax-collecting policies

C. uncontrolled military expenditures

D. too much silver came from the Americas

E. restrictions on the printing of paper money

20. When did extensive Islamic expansion into East Africa and Southeast Asia occur?

A. before the rapid European commercial expansion of the seventeenth century

B. because Islam was most similar to native religions

C. because Islam more willingly accepted converts as full members

D. thanks to the support of the Muslim land empires

E. in response to the extensive missionary efforts of the Portuguese

21. Between 1200 and 1500, Indian Ocean trade increased because of

A. the collapse of the Mongol empires, which opened up the overland trade routes

B. decreased demand for luxury goods such as jewels, fine textiles, and precious metals.

C. construction of larger ships, making shipping cargo more profitable

D. increased taxes by land-based empires

E. Chinese demand for gold from West Africa

22. The Indian Ocean trade was decentralized and cooperative. It was united by

A. commercial interests B. political authority C. religious authority D. common fear E. armed trade

23. Because of the trade through the Strait of Malacca, Malacca became an important port and

A. the focus of the annual Buddhist pilgrimage

B. a meeting place for traders around the Eurasian world

C. a more important slave trading port

D. the most homogeneous cities in Southeast Asia

E. helped prevent the spread of Islam

24. Why was China appealing to others from 600- 1600?

A. The Chinese economy produced more and better goods.

B. The Chinese political system promoted equality for all.

C. The Chinese adaptation of Buddhism released all from suffering.

D. The Chinese refused to allow foreigners inside their borders.

E. The Chinese emphasis on education drew scholars from throughout Eurasia.

25. The seven voyages of the Ming fleet from 1405 - 1433 accomplished

A. the re-establishment of the Chinese tribute system

B. the end of the power of the Mongol navy

C. the completion of a round-the-world journey of Chinese explorers

D. the total domination of trade in the Indian Ocean by Chinese merchants

E. the return of Muslims to Chinese port cities

26. Why were the Ming voyages stopped?

A. The need for a coastal navy had increased.

B. Too many Chinese were leaving China.

C. Funds were needed for defense against the Mongols.

D. Chinese merchants were losing too much money.

E. The Grand Canal was allowed to fall into disrepair.

27. Which statement accurately describes the concept of Southernization?

A. Agricultural products and technology created in Southern Africa affected trade in the Indian Ocean.

B. Business practices developed in the Italian city-states changed trade routes in France.

C. Mathematics and textiles invented in South Asia spread west.

D. Bananas followed the southern migration of Bantu peoples.

E. Southern Chinese merchants developed trade diasporas in Southeast Asia.

28. By the early 1500s, why were officials in the Catholic Church criticized?

A. The Church was organizing too many crusades to the Holy Land.

B. The Church never paid Michelangelo to decorate St. Peter’s cathedral.

C. The Church was too concerned with worldly power and riches.

D. The Church refused to sell indulgences.

E. The Church was buying too many books from Muslim and Jewish scholars.

29. What was an economic reason for the 16th century Protestant Reformation?

A. There was a loss of respect for the Church after the Great Schism.

B. There was growing power of national monarchs.

C. Luther was excommunicated by the pope.

D. There was resentment over tithes going to cardinals’ personal pleasure.

E. Catholic monarchs were too generous in sharing the profits from their overseas empires.

30. As a result of the increased contact between Muslim and Indian civilizations,

a. Muslims increased their respect for Christian saints and missionaries

b. Muslims adopted the Hindu pantheon of gods

c. Muslim commerce was increasingly dominated by the merchant caste of India

d. Muslims adopted the system of mathematical notation later referred to as Arabic numerals

e. Muslims adopted the highly stratified social system common to Indian civilization

31. Which of the following statements best describes religious belief in sub-Saharan Africa prior to 1500?

a. Much of sub-Saharan Africa was Christian.

b. Belief in the power of natural forces personified as deities.

c. Monotheism characterized by worship in monumental temple complexes.

d. Much of the religion focused on the importance of the cultivation of maize.

e. Predominantly Muslim in all social classes.

32. How did contact with the Muslim world affect the African slave trade?

a. Because of the Muslim emphasis on the equality of all believers, early Muslim rulers suppressed the slave trade.

b. Slavery was unknown in African society until the Muslims introduced it.

c. The traders in Axum had a violent and troublesome relationship with Chinese Muslims and their slave children

d. With the Muslim conquests of North Africa and commercial penetration to the south, manumission rates went up but so did the volume of slaves traded.

e. Despite Muslim acceptance of slavery and its widespread use in Islamic society outside of Africa, Muslims generally refused to accept black slaves

33. Which of the following gave the Portuguese mariners a military advantage in the Indian Ocean?

(A) their stirrup

(B) the chain of fortified city-forts

(C) the coalition of Egyptian, Ottoman, and Venetian forces

(D) the dhow

(E) the use of horses

34. The period of the Italian Renaissance

A. Marked a shift from spiritual to secular values

B. Repressed new developments in religious iconographic art.

C. Re-emphasized concerns with basic security and health.

D. Emphasized the study of the Koran and medieval Church documents.

E. Stressed an increased role for religious meditation in daily life

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35. What does the picture above of the Acapulco-Manila galleons show most clearly?

(A) The map maker wanted to alert mariners to the dangers of large fish.

(B) The silver trade was only successful because it was an armed trade.

(C) The Spanish ships had to be escorted by the larger Chinese navy.

(D) No Christianity was allowed in the Philippines after 1571.

(E) The galleons had to be met with smaller boats to load and unload the trade goods.

36. The development of movable type for European languages by Johan Gutenberg resulted in

A. An increased demand for parchment in Europe.

B. An increase in the cost of producing books in Europe.

C. The rapid spread of new ideas in Europe.

D. The invention of paper only in Europe.

E. More intense and friendly contact between Christians and Muslims in the Iberian peninsula.

37. By the mid-1500s, Europe was primarily divided into

A. a Catholic north and a Protestant south

B. a Lutheran north and a Calvinist south

C. a Protestant north and Catholic south

D. a pagan north and animist south

E. a Baptist south and a Catholic north

38. The fall of Constantinople brought the end to

(A) Roman rule.

(B) Byzantine rule.

(C) Ottoman rule.

(D) Egyptian rule.

(E) Armenian rule.

39. Spain’s most valuable exports from the Americas in the 16th century were

a. beef products

b. silver and gold

c. wool and cotton

d. dried fish and seaweed

e. slaves

40. What two countries divided the world in the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A. Spain and Brazil B. England and France C. Portugal and Spain D. Italy and Germany e. China and India

41. What key role were the Jesuits given in the Counter Reformation?

A. pirates

B. colonists

C. rulers

D. missionaries

E. bankers

42. What was the name of the system that transported slaves from West Africa in exchange for European manufactured goods and money and that compelled the slaves to produce cash crops to sell in Europe?

A. Continental System B. Triangle trade C. Mercantilism D. Plantation slavery E. Small circuit

43. Which trade products were produced by African slaves on plantations in the Americas?

A. cotton & silk B. rum & guns C. tobacco & sugar D. spices & tea E. leather products

44. Why did the Russian leader Tsar Peter I travel in disguise to the Netherlands and England?

A. to disdain the technology in Western Europe

B. to attract talented musicians and ballet dancers to Russia

C. to admire the late marriage age in England and bring courting patterns to Russia

D. to learn how to shave his nobility’s long beards

E. to gain insight into the reasons for the new power and wealth in Western Europe

45. To provide labor for their sugar plantations, the Portuguese

A. copied the Spanish system of encomidendas

B. made extensive use of indentured servants

C. copied the Spanish repartimiento system

D. relied upon imported African slaves as laborers

E. offered land to Spanish mercenaries who captured Native American to work as slave labor

46. All of the following was true about the African state of Zimbabwe except

(A) It was located south of the Sahara desert.

(B) It became wealthy as a result of its location between coastal and interior trade routes.

(C) It was actively involved in the Trans-Saharan salt-gold trade.

(D) Its remains suggest a city protected by strategically positioned walls.

(E) It was linked by trade to the Swahili city-states.

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47. What does the comparison of the two ships show?

(A) Columbus had poor business sense.

(B) The Chinese “discovered” the Americas first.

(C) The Ming Treasure Ships were smaller than Columbus’ St. Maria.

(D) The amount of ballast needed for European ships was greater.

(E) The Chinese ship design provided larger living and cargo space.

48. What was the global impact of silver mined in the Spanish colonies in the Americas?

A. The Spanish military dominated its neighbors in Western Europe from 1500 to 1700.

B. The world economy became stabilized after decades of inflation in South Asia and Southwest Asia.

C. Many West African monarchs sponsored “silver-rush” expeditions to the Americas.

D. The Ming dynasty sent out Treasure Ships to find exclusive sources of silver.

E. East Asian and Western European economies became directly linked to each other.

49. Which of the following provides the most accurate description of the Colombian Exchange?

a. European food to the Eastern Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere diseases to Europe; African population to Europe

b. African livestock to the Western Hemisphere; European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere food to Europe

c. Western Hemisphere technology to Africa; African food to Europe; European population to the New World

d. European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere population to Africa; African food to the Western Hemisphere

e. African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

50. What distinguishes the time period 1450 to 1750 from earlier periods?

(A) inclusion of routes across the Pacific in global trade

(B) introduction of forced labor systems

(C) creation of trade routes in the Indian Ocean system

(D) breakdown of trade between the Americas and Chinese empires

(E) elimination of the slave trade across the Trans-Saharan routes

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