Army Leadership - Be, Know, Do
[Pages:270]FM 22-100
ARMY LEADERSHIP
BE, KNOW, DO
August 1999
Headquarters, Department of the Army
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Field Manual No. 22-100
*FM 22-100
Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 31 August 1999
Army Leadership
Contents
Page
Examples .......................................................................................................v
Preface.........................................................................................................vii
PART ONE: THE LEADER, LEADERSHIP, AND THE HUMAN DIMENSION
CHAPTER 1
THE ARMY LEADERSHIP FRAMEWORK ................................................1-2
Leadership Defined .....................................................................................1-4
BE, KNOW, DO ............................................................................................1-6
Levels of Leadership..................................................................................1-10
Leaders of Leaders....................................................................................1-13
Leadership and Command .......................................................................1-14
Subordinates .............................................................................................1-15
The Payoff: Excellence ..............................................................................1-17
Summary ...................................................................................................1-19
CHAPTER 2 Section I
Section II Section III
THE LEADER AND LEADERSHIP: WHAT THE LEADER MUST BE,
KNOW, AND DO.........................................................................................2-1
CHARACTER: WHAT A LEADER MUST BE................................................2-2
Army Values.................................................................................................2-2
Leader Attributes .......................................................................................2-10
Focus on Character...................................................................................2-19
COMPETENCE: WHAT A LEADER MUST KNOW ....................................2-24
LEADERSHIP: WHAT A LEADER MUST DO.............................................2-26
Influencing .................................................................................................2-27
Operating ...................................................................................................2-27
Improving...................................................................................................2-28
SUMMARY .................................................................................................2-28
CHAPTER 3
THE HUMAN DIMENSION.........................................................................3-1
People, the Team, and the Institution .........................................................3-1
Combat Stress .............................................................................................3-6
The Stress of Change..................................................................................3-8
Climate and Culture...................................................................................3-12
Leadership Styles ......................................................................................3-15
Intended and Unintended Consequences................................................3-18
Summary ...................................................................................................3-19
PART TWO: DIRECT LEADERSHIP
CHAPTER 4
DIRECT LEADERSHIP SKILLS .................................................................4-2
Interpersonal Skills ......................................................................................4-2
Conceptual Skills.........................................................................................4-6
Technical Skills ..........................................................................................4-11
Tactical Skills .............................................................................................4-12
Summary ...................................................................................................4-14
CHAPTER 5
DIRECT LEADERSHIP ACTIONS .............................................................5-1
Influencing Actions ......................................................................................5-1
Operating Actions........................................................................................5-8
Improving Actions......................................................................................5-13
Summary ...................................................................................................5-27
PART THREE: ORGANIZATIONAL AND STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP
CHAPTER 6 Section I
Section II
Section III
ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP............................................................6-1
WHAT IT TAKES TO LEAD ORGANIZATIONS--SKILLS ............................6-3
Interpersonal Skills ......................................................................................6-3
Conceptual Skills.........................................................................................6-5
Technical Skills ............................................................................................6-9
Tactical Skills .............................................................................................6-10
WHAT IT TAKES TO LEAD ORGANIZATIONS--ACTIONS.......................6-12
Influencing Actions ....................................................................................6-12
Operating Actions......................................................................................6-18
Improving Actions......................................................................................6-25
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ORGANIZATIONAL
LEADERSHIP--GENERAL RIDGWAY IN KOREA .....................................6-29
SUMMARY .................................................................................................6-32
CHAPTER 7 Section I
STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP........................................................................7-1
STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP SKILLS .............................................................7-2
Interpersonal Skills ......................................................................................7-2
Conceptual Skills.........................................................................................7-7
Contents
Section II Section III Appendix A
Appendix B Appendix C
Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F
Technical Skills ..........................................................................................7-10
STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP ACTIONS .......................................................7-13
Influencing Actions ....................................................................................7-13
Operating Actions......................................................................................7-18
Improving Actions......................................................................................7-22
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP--
GENERAL OF THE ARMY MARSHALL DURING WORLD WAR II ............7-26
SUMMARY .................................................................................................7-28
Roles and Relationships ..........................................................................A-1
Authority ......................................................................................................A-3
Responsibility and Accountability ...............................................................A-4
Communications and the Chain of Command ..........................................A-4
The Noncommissioned Officer Support Channel ......................................A-5
DA Civilian Support .....................................................................................A-5
Performance Indicators............................................................................B-1
Values ..........................................................................................................B-2
Attributes .....................................................................................................B-3
Skills ............................................................................................................B-3
Actions.........................................................................................................B-4
Developmental Counseling......................................................................C-1
The Leader's Responsibilities.....................................................................C-1
The Leader as a Counselor ........................................................................C-2
Leader Counseling Skills ............................................................................C-3
The Leader's Limitations.............................................................................C-5
Types of Developmental Counseling .........................................................C-7
Approaches to Counseling .......................................................................C-10
Counseling Techniques ............................................................................C-11
The Counseling Process...........................................................................C-12
Summary ...................................................................................................C-16
The Developmental Counseling Form......................................................C-17
A Leader Plan of Action and the ECAS ..................................................D-1
Preparation of an ECAS ..............................................................................D-2
Preparation of a Leader Plan of Action.......................................................D-4
Character Development............................................................................E-1
The Constitution of the United States .....................................................F-1
Source Notes...........................................................................Source Notes-1
Glossary ..........................................................................................Glossary-1
Bibliography ..............................................................................Bibliography-1
Index .....................................................................................................Index-1
Army Leadership
iii
Examples Page
COL Chamberlain at Gettysburg .......................................................................................................1-8
Small Unit Leaders' Initiative in Normandy ....................................................................................1-16
GEN Washington at Newburgh ..........................................................................................................2-3
Duty in Korea ......................................................................................................................................2-4
GA Marshall Continues to Serve .......................................................................................................2-6
MSG Gordon and SFC Shughart in Somalia ....................................................................................2-8
WO1 Thompson at My Lai ................................................................................................................2-10
The Will to Persevere........................................................................................................................2-11
The Quick Reaction Platoon ............................................................................................................2-13
GA Eisenhower Forms SHAEF.........................................................................................................2-15
Self-Control in Combat .....................................................................................................................2-17
BG Jackson at First Bull Run...........................................................................................................2-18
Character and Prisoners ..................................................................................................................2-19
The Battle of the Bulge .....................................................................................................................2-20
GA Eisenhower's Message ..............................................................................................................2-20
The Qualification Report ..................................................................................................................2-22
Soldiers Are Our Credentials.............................................................................................................3-2
The 96th Division on Leyte.................................................................................................................3-4
The K Company Visit ..........................................................................................................................3-5
Task Force Ranger in Somalia, 1993 ................................................................................................3-6
Mix-up at the Crossroads ...................................................................................................................3-8
"Superior Technology" .....................................................................................................................3-10
Changing a Unit Climate--The New Squad Leader.......................................................................3-13
The Checking Account .......................................................................................................................4-3
The Rusty Rifles Incident ...................................................................................................................4-5
Finding the Real Problem...................................................................................................................4-6
Pulling Dragons' Teeth .......................................................................................................................4-7
The EFMB Test ..................................................................................................................................4-10
Technical Skill into Combat Power ................................................................................................4-11
Task Force Kingston .........................................................................................................................4-13
Solving a Training Problem................................................................................................................5-5
An Implied Mission and Leader Plan of Action................................................................................5-9
Brief Solutions, Not Problems .........................................................................................................5-10
Trust Earned ......................................................................................................................................5-19
Replacements in the ETO.................................................................................................................5-22
Page
Reception on Christmas Eve ...........................................................................................................5-22
SGT York ............................................................................................................................................5-24
Knowing Your People .........................................................................................................................6-4
GEN Grant and the End of the Civil War...........................................................................................6-6
DA Civilian Support to Desert Shield................................................................................................6-8
Innovative Reorganization .................................................................................................................6-8
GEN Grant at Vicksburg ...................................................................................................................6-11
The Commander's Notebook ...........................................................................................................6-14
The 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment at Normandy..................................................................6-18
The "Paperwork Purge" ....................................................................................................................6-20
Allied Command During the Battle of the Bulge..............................................................................7-5
Strategic Flexibility in Haiti ................................................................................................................7-9
Show of Force in the Philippines.....................................................................................................7-12
Combat Power from a Good Idea....................................................................................................7-14
The D-Day Decision ..........................................................................................................................7-16
Multinational Resource Allocation ..................................................................................................7-19
World War II Strategic Assessment ................................................................................................7-22
Change After Vietnam.......................................................................................................................7-25
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