On-Line Content



Positive Behavior Supports

Online Content: This course is an introduction to methods of supporting people who engage in challenging behaviors in ways that are fair, safe, humane, and effective in reducing their use of problem behaviors. You will learn a definition of challenging behavior and basic behavioral terms and principles. You will understand more about our history of treatment of people with disabilities and why we are embracing new ideas and person-centered practices that are at the heart of positive behavior supports. You will learn about regulations around the use of behavioral interventions and some practical information on how to effectively support people who have behavioral challenges.

The following are the objectives for the On-Line lessons in CDS. You may want to review them with learners at the start of the live sessions.

Lesson 1: Understanding Behavior

1. Define behavior and describe it in observable and measurable terms.

2. Identify challenging behavior.

3. Define the "ABC's" of behavior and how they are used.

4. Define the following common terms and concepts used in understanding behavior: antecedent, aversive, consequence, deprivation, positive and negative punishment, punisher, positive and negative reinforcement, reinforcer.

5. Avoid using only the management of consequences as behavioral supports.

Lesson 2: Functions and Causes of Behavior

1. Name the two basic functions of behavior.

2. Identify the function and context of the behavior.

3. Use ethical approaches to trying to change behavior.

4. Define functional assessment and functional analysis and identify when they are important to use.

5. Define a hypothesis statement and demonstrate the process of developing one.

6. Define and identify examples of common terms and concepts used in understanding the functions and causes of behavior including: setting events and problem routines.

Class Session: Positive Behavior Supports (1 hr.)

Outcomes of Live Session (1 hour)

At the end of this session the learner will:

• Have an understanding of being mindful of self and people supported.

• Explain how Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is pertinent to all people and their behavior.

• Discuss how Pitonyak’s seven questions can assist in helping people to meet their needs.

• Be aware of Maine State Behavior Regulations and that all behavior plans have to be approved by the PCP team.

Topics for Discussion/Activities:

• Review Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and discuss how it pertains to all people

• Discuss of how Pitonyak’s seven questions can lead to empowerment for the person.

• Have a copy of Maine State Behavior Regulations available

• Discuss how we have to follow the Behavior Regulations when implementing a plan with people. Any plan has to be approved by the PCP team.

Handouts:

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need (below)

• David Pitonyak’s 7 questions (below)

• Mindfulness (below)

Helpful Instructor information / Links:

• Information on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

• Go to David Pitonyak’s web site for a wealth of information.

• David Pitonyak’s 7 Questions (next page)

• Maine Behavior Regulations

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Success at higher levels depend on success at lower levels

© design Alan Chapman 2001-7, based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Not to be sold or published. More free online training resources are at . Alan Chapman accepts no liability.

Seven Questions to Guide the Development of a Support Plan

-David Pitonyak ()

1. How can we help the person to achieve a sense of health and well-being?

2. How can we help the person to expand and deepen his/her relationships?

3. How can we help the person to have more fun in ordinary, everyday community places?

4. How can we help the person to have more power?

5. How can we help the person to make a contribution to others?

6. How can we help the person learn valued skills?

7. How can we help the person's supporters to get the support they need?

From DSP Curriculum, Module 10-Human Behavior

MINDFULNESS is paying attention in the moment on purpose. This is important because the usual response to challenging behaviors is reactive…we don’t think, we react. When we are re-active, we aren’t thinking about what is best for the person or what is best for the situation, we are only thinking about how we can stop the behavior,

Our culture and our jobs, tend to reward us for our ability to multi-task; to do as many things as possible at the same time or as quickly as possible. This can be particularly true for DSP staff that are often responsible for supporting several people, each of whom may require a different level of awareness. But there is a lot to gain from slowing down and paying attention to what is happening right now in front of you, and to what is happening inside of you.

What is really happening around you, and how are you reacting to it? Physically? Cognitively? Emotionally? Often our past experiences can trigger us to react a certain way to a situation. Sometimes we react without even being aware of why we are reacting that way. When we take the time to think we can respond in a more thoughtful way to the person and the situation. Whatever the situation, and whatever your response, it is important to be non-judgmental – toward yourself as well as the other person or the situation. Let yourself simply experience the moment and all that comes with it.

Don’t judge – just watch.

Don’t judge- just listen

Don’t judge- respond in the here and now

When we are mindful, we can attend to what is around us; we can see and hear what others are trying to communicate to us. When we listen, we feed our intuition, and intuition is invaluable in our work.

Example:

Jason is sitting on the couch at Sherry’s apartment and writing in the logbook. Sherry is in the other room talking loudly to herself and Jason has tuned her out. Jason begins to feel funny: just a sensation which makes him look up. When he stops to pay attention, he realizes Sherry is quiet in the other room. This seems like a blessing to him because her talking annoys him. When he puts aside his feelings about the quiet, he decides he should go check on Sherry.

When we are mindful, we increase our awareness of everything going on around us. We open ourselves up to what our intuition is telling us and we are able to listen with our senses. When we let go of our need to judge what is happening, we are able to let go of old perceptions and open ourselves to new ideas. When working with people with difficult behaviors in particular, we have to start with knowing where we are ourselves. Whose “stuff” is it, anyway?

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Esteem needs

Achievement, Status,

Responsibility, Reputation, Legacy

Self-actualization

Personal growth and fulfillment

Belongingness and Love needs

Family, Affection, Relationships, Work group, etc.

Safety needs

Protection, Security, Order, Law, Limits, Stability, etc.

Biological and Physiological needs

Basic life needs - Air, Food, Water, Shelter, Warmth, Sleep, etc.

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