Valvular Heart Disease - developinganaesthesia

Early opening snap, (due to increased left atrial pressure) Murmur. Long diastolic murmur, (persists as long as there is a gradient) Heart failure. Signs of pulmonary hypertension. Investigations. CXR. Look for: 1. Signs of pulmonary venous congestion. 2. Signs of left atrial enlargement: Double shadow behind the heart. Widened carina (> 70 ... ................
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