High School Quizbowl Packet Archive

 2018 Paul M. Dorman High School Cavalier ChallengeQuestions written and edited by the Academic Team at the University of South Carolina [Eric Douglass (Head Editor), Bryn Douglass, Thomas Elgin, Julian Rachele, John Huylu, Ajay Patel, Anna Mancino, Josh Clardy, Robert Earl Lawson, Chris King] and Jonathen Settle (Science Editor)Round 5Tossups:1. This organ of the reticulo·endothelial system performs hemato·poiesis until the fifth month of gestation, at which point the bone marrow takes over that function. The presence of acute pain in the left shoulder, known as Kher’s sign, is a sign that this organ has ruptured. This organ consists of white pulp that circulates lymph nodes needed for immune responses and red pulp that filters red blood cells of antigens and microorganisms. For 10 points, name this organ whose primary functions are to store white blood cells and platelets and recycle old red blood cells.ANSWER: spleen2. He wrote more than 150 compositions for the baryton, a cello-like instrument, for his patron. One of his works includes an aria from Farmer Simon about a ploughman that quotes one of this man’s symphonies. He was music director in Eisenstadt for Prince Esterhazy. The Seasons and The Creation are two of his oratorios. For 10 points, name this Austrian Classical composer who wrote the London and Farewell symphonies, just some by this man’s 106 symphonies.ANSWER: Franz Joseph Haydn3. This group was responsible for the Spirit Lake massacre, and Red Cloud led this group against the construction of the Bozeman Trail. One of these people saw soldiers falling from the sky like grasshoppers prior to a battle against a general nicknamed “Curly.” They ended armed resistance against the federal government after the Wounded Knee Massacre. For 10 points, name this Native American group whose leaders Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull defeated Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn.ANSWER: Sioux [or Oglala Sioux; or Oglala Lakota; or Lakota Sioux; or Santee Sioux] 4. The author of The Captain’s Daughter engaged in this activity with George d’Anthes. Pechorin engages in one of these events with Grushnitsky in A Hero of Our Time, and that work’s author Mikhail Lermontov died in one of these events. Lensky dies during one in Eugene Onegin, which also resulted in the death of that work’s author Alexander Pushkin. For 10 points, name these events common in Russian literature in which individuals shoot at each other to defend their honor.ANSWER: duels5. An honorific applied to this person is “al-Zarah” which means “the shining one.” In one hadith, a figure states that “this person is a part of my body, and I hate what she hates to see, and what hurts her hurts me.” This person’s mother was Khadija, and none of her male siblings survived to adulthood. An 11th century dynastic empire centered around Cairo was named for her. For 10 points, name this youngest daughter of Muhammad who gave birth to Hasan and Husayn, the second and third Shi’a Imams, with her husband Ali.ANSWER: Fatimah6. His work to abolish the slave trade is noted on his tombstone in Westminster Abbey, and he preached the idea of “Christianity, commerce, and civilization.” Some of his servants claimed he was killed by the Ngoni during one of his expeditions, and he led the Royal Geographical Society’s Second Zambezi expedition. He died while searching for the source of the Nile and he was the first European to view Victoria Falls. For 10 points, name this Scottish missionary and explorer whom Henry Stanley “presumed” to discover in 1871.ANSWER: Dr. David Livingstone7. As opposed to defamation cases, false light cases deal with the encroachment of this concept. The tort of interfering with this includes the example of a stranger using one’s likeness for advertising without permission. William Douglas claimed that a constitutional penumbra established a zone of this concept in Griswold v. Connecticut. FERPA governs this concept in education law and HIPAA establishes rules for it regarding medical information. For 10 points, name this right that was described by Louis Brandeis as “the right to be let alone.”ANSWER: privacy8. In one of his works, arms manufacturers are told to use their breastplates as toilets, and a character travel to heaven on a dung beetle to attempt to achieve the title condition. In addition to Peace, he wrote a work that features a hoopoe giving a root that allows one to grow wings. Another work by this man sees Strepsiades send his son Phidippides to learn sophistry from Socrates. Cloudcuckooland and The Thinkery are visited in plays by this man. For 10 points, The Clouds and The Birds are works by what Greek comedic playwright?ANSWER: Aristophanes9. One of these movies sees a character reading The Once and Future King in a prison cell. That character in this series tore down the gates of a concentration camp in the first film in this series. Alkali Lake floods in one film in this series, and newer characters in this series have included the Moira McTaggert and Peter Maximoff. The most recent film in this series concerned the protection of a young girl named Laura, who was a test-tube baby born with regenerative powers. For 10 points, name this film series that concerns the lives of Mutants, who sometimes ally with Professor Xavier or Magneto.ANSWER: X-Men series [accept any given X-Men movie title]10. A photo of an old man engaging in this activity is Eric Enstrom’s most famous work and is the official state photograph of Minnesota. In a painting by Marc Chagall, the titular Jew is engaging in this activity while wearing a tallis and phylacteries. An older man and a child sitting at a table do this action in Henry Ossawa Tanner’s painting The Thankful Poor. For 10 points, name this activity being engaged in by an old woman and a boy prior to their meal in a diner in Norman Rockwell’s painting Saying Grace.ANSWER: praying [or equivalents such as thanking God; giving thanks; accept Saying Grace before mentioned]11. This person’s patronage of troubadours in the court of Poitiers contributed to the courtly love tradition in poetry. She was placed under house arrest for siding with Raymond of Toulouse regarding an attack on Aleppo. She went in person to ransom her son from the Duke of Austria, and she accompanied one of her husbands on the Second Crusade. Her marriage to an English king led to the creation of the Angevin empire. For 10 points, name this French woman who was married to Louis VII of France and Henry II of England and was the mother of Richard I and King John of England.Answer: Eleanor of Aquitaine12. In this novel, a character is warned that it will hurt her eyes if she works to complete a filigree basket by candlelight. One character in this novel is carried home after twisting her ankle by a man who is from Allenham Court. During a card game, another character discusses her secret engagement to a man who was engaged to Lucy Steele. Sir John Middleton is a friend of Colonel Brandon in this novel, in which Brandon and Edward Ferrars marry the main characters. For 10 points, name this Jane Austen novel about the sisters Elinor and Marianne Dashwood.ANSWER: Sense and Sensibility13. Because the magnetic force is always perpendicular to velocity, this quantity is zero for a charged particle moving in a magnetic field. For a gas, this quantity is equal to the integral of pressure with respect to volume. Power can be expressed as this quantity divided by time, and a principle partly named for this quantity says that this quantity is equal to the change in kinetic energy. For 10 points, name this quantity, which is equal to the magnitude of the force times distance and is measured in joules.ANSWER: work 14. Jeff Koons created the thirty foot tall sculpture Bouquet of Tulips as a gift to this city to honor victims of an attack here. The mayor of this city has sought to cut air pollution in this city by banning cars from certain parts of this city on the first Sunday of the month. That mayor of this city is Anne Hidalgo. President Trump stated that he was elected to represent the citizens of Pittsburgh and not this city in announcing the withdrawal from an agreement named for this city. For 10 points, name this city that is the namesake of a 2015 climate agreement, the capital of France.ANSWER: Paris15. This founder of Mycenae grew up on the island of Seriphus prior to being tricked by King Polydectes. Acrisius threw him into the sea in a chest after a prophecy, which was fulfilled when he killed Acrisius with a discus. Some stories state that he was directed to the site of his greatest feat by the Stygian Nymphs, but most accounts show this figure taking an eye and a tooth from the Graiae. For 10 points, name this hero from Greek myth who slew Medusa.ANSWER: Perseus16. The Corn Islands are located east of this country, and Bluefields is the largest port of this country. The Amerrisque Mountains are found in this country, and the Coco River separates this country from its northern neighbor. A local ethnic group is the namesake of the Mosquito Coast which is mainly found the eastern shore of this country. This country’s namesake lake is the largest lake of Central America, and it is located south of Honduras. For 10 points, name this Central American country with capital at Managua.ANSWER: Nicaragua17. A collection named for this character includes a story in which Aunt Sue murders an informer, “Bright and Morning Star.” This character’s wife Chloe is allowed to hire herself out as a baker in an attempt to benefit this character. This character is sold by George Shelby in order to cover debts to Mr. Haley. Richard Wright wrote a collection named [this character’s] Children. This character befriends Eva St. Clare, and is beaten to death by the wicked Simon Legree. For 10 points, name the title slave of a novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe. ANSWER: Uncle Tom18. One technique for playing this instrument is known as frailing, or clawhammer. The Scruggs style is almost always used in one genre that features this instrument, whose players include Ralph Stanley and Bela Fleck. Pete Seeger is the namesake of the long neck variety of this instrument. “Foggy Mountain Breakdown” is an iconic tune for this instrument, as is an instrumental about these instruments “dueling.” For 10 points, name this stringed musical instrument with a round body that is often played by bluegrass musicians. ANSWER: banjo19. Associativity, closure, the existence of an identity, and the existence of one of these entities make up the group axioms. The complex conjugate of unitary matrices are these entities, and Gaussian elimination is used to find one of these entities for a matrix. A matrix has one of these entities if its determinant is (*) nonzero. One of these exists for a function if and only if the function is one-to-one and onto. For a number x, the additive one of these entities is minus x and the multiplicative one of these entities is one over x. For 10 points, name this entity that undoes the effect of a number.ANSWER: inverses (accept word forms)20. Alexander Butlerov introduced these structures typographically in chemical notation. These structures prevent free rotation and are described stereochemically with E-Z notation. A fatty acid with one or more of these structures is unsaturated. These structures are composed of two p-orbitals overlapping to form a pi-bond and two sp-2 orbitals also overlapping to form a sigma bond. These linkages are found in diatomic oxygen and alkenes. For 10 points, name this specific kind of bond in with four electrons are shared between two atoms.ANSWER: double bonds [prompt on “bonds”]Tiebreaker:This leader is commemorated by visitors by placing a potato at his burial site at his palace of Sanssouci. As a child, he was forced to watch the execution of his friend Hermann von Katte, and he wrote Anti-Machiavel with the help of Voltaire. After this king known as “Old Fritz” won the Battle of Mollwitz he gained Silesia, a province he claimed with Salic Law, through the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. For 10 points, name this enlightened despot who defeated Maria Theresa in the War of Austrian Succession and made Prussia a major military power in Europe.ANSWER: Frederick the Great [or Frederick II; or Friedrich der Grosse; or Friedrich der Zweite; or “the Old Fritz” or “der alte Fritz” before mentioned]Bonuses:1. This 19th-century composer and virtuoso pianist was the subject of a namesake “mania.” For 10 points:[10] This man wrote the Transcendental Etudes, Years of Pilgrimage, and Mephisto Waltzes. He also invented the piano recital.ANSWER: Franz Liszt[10] Liszt composed these difficult nineteen pieces that incorporated folk tunes, Gypsy songs, and the effects of the cimbalom. They were inspired by his country of childhood.ANSWER: Hungarian Rhapsodies[10] Liszt attempted to write a symphony of this title to commemorate the abdication of King Charles X. Chopin’s opus 10 was an etude in honor of Liszt with this title, which commemorated a Russian attack on Warsaw in 1831.ANSWER: Revolutionary2. Standard candles have known values for this quantity that is plotted versus spectral class on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. For 10 points each:[10] Name this quantity that describes an astronomical object’s brightness. Arthur Eddington names the maximum value of this quantity possible for an object.ANSWER: luminosity[10] One way astronomers determine how many parces objects are from Earth is by looking at these types of stars. These stars change in brightness and examples of them include Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars. ANSWER: variable stars[10] One variable star is this second brightest star in Perseus. Its name is derived from an Arabic phrase for “demon,” perhaps in part due to its changes in apparent visible magnitude that are reminiscent of a winking eye. ANSWER: Algol [prompt on “Beta Persei”]3. This tale features a knight whose fate is placed in the hands of women after he abuses a maiden. For 10 points each:[10] Name this tale in which the knight is given a year to answer the question of what women want most in life or face execution. The knight ultimately marries an old woman who turns into a beautiful and faithful wife.ANSWER: The Wife of Bath’s Tale [prompt on The Canterbury Tales][10] While narrating her tale, the Wife of Bath mocks this roaming priest for interrupting her prologue. This man, whose name is Huberd, tells of a summoner who loses his soul to the devil.ANSWER: The Friar[10] This man wrote The House of Fame and The Parliament of Fowls. He also included the Friar’s Tale and The Wife of Bath’s Tale in his Canterbury Tales. ANSWER: Geoffrey Chaucer4. The Chandra telescope produces images with this type of radiation, for 10 points each:[10] Identify this form of electromagnetic radiation, with which doctors can produce images of bone fractures.ANSWER: x-rays[10] This woman built the first full-sized model of the tobacco mosaic virus and discovered a method of determining the atomic structure of crystals using beams of x-rays.ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin[10] This physicist’s discovery of X-ray diffraction in crystals won him the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics. A set of equations named for this physicist describe the scattering vector when waves diffract off of a lattice; those equations reduce to Bragg’s law.ANSWER: Max von Laue5. She was the wife of Thutmose II and Thutmose III. For 10 points each:[10] Name this female king of Egypt whose Dayr al-Bahri temple served as her funerary monument and dedicated to Amon-Ra. She was depicted as a male in her reliefs. ANSWER: Hatshepsut[10] Hatshepsut was proclaimed king at this city, which consists of the northern half of the ruins of Thebes and includes the ruins of the Great Temple of Amon, the largest temple complex in Egypt. ANSWER: Karnak[10] This city is located on the southern half of the ruins of Thebes. It is connected to the Great Temple of Amon at Karnak by the avenue of Sphinxes. ANSWER: Luxor6. This man was a student of Filippo Lippi. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Italian painter who painted a round tondo showing the Virgin Mary holding a book in her right hand and a pomegranate in her left hand in her Madonna of the Magnificat. He also painted Primavera.ANSWER: Sandro Botticelli[10] This Botticelli painting shows the title figure standing on a large shell while Zephyr and another female blow at her as flower petals flutter through the air. A woman on the right of this painting prepares to cover the title figure with a cloak.ANSWER: The Birth of Venus [or Nascita di Venere][10] Botticelli painted works such as Mystic Crucifixion and Mystic Nativity after falling under the influence of this reformist preacher, who led Florence after the overthrow of the Medicis. He led the burning of the vanities prior to being executed. ANSWER: Girolamo Savonarola7. Loch Ness has its monster, but the United States has its share of legendary animals as well. For 10 points each:[10] This lake on the New York/Vermont border boasts of its own lake monster. The Sandra Mansi photograph supposedly shows this lake’s creature.ANSWER: Lake Champlain [prompt on “Champ”][10] This creature has been described as having the head of a dog, wings of a bat, horns, and the face of a horse. Legend holds that it is the child of Mother Leeds, and it haunts the Pine Barrens. ANSWER: New Jersey Devil[10] This supposed resident of West Virginia allegedly appeared prior to the 1967 collapse of Silver Bridge in Point Pleasant. Known for its red eyes and large wings, it is said to be a harbinger of disaster. ANSWER: Mothman8. Enzymes are a class of proteins that aid in accelerating the rate of reaction of a substrate molecule by lowering its activation energy. For 10 points each:[10] The activity of an enzyme increases as substrate concentration increases until this value is reached. This value multiplies substrate concentration in the numerator of the Michaelis-Menten equation.ANSWER: Vmax [or maximal velocity; or maximum reaction rate][10] This type of enzyme inhibition occurs when an inhibitor molecule binds to an enzyme’s active site to permanently prevent any substrate bonding. Ethanol serves as this type of inhibitor to combat antifreeze poisoning.ANSWER: competitive inhibition[10] In this form of enzyme inhibition, the inhibitor molecule binds to a site other than the active site to cause a conformational change in the enzyme.ANSWER: allosteric inhibition [or allosteric regulation]9. In this work, Thomas Putnam takes advantage of the central activity to buy up the land of the accused. For 10 points each:[10] Name this play by Arthur Miller in which Abigail Williams accuses John Proctor of witchcraft, setting off a witch hunt in Salem.ANSWER: The Crucible[10] In The Crucible, John Hale and Samuel Parris work in what profession? Parris has no sympathy for those on trial and is ultimately robbed of his savings by Abigail. Hale is a supposed “expert” on witchcraft and ultimately opposes the trials. ANSWER: preachers [or clergymen; or churchmen; or reverends; or reasonable equivalents; be generous and accept “priests”][10] Prior to heading the church in Salem, Rev. Parris lived as a trader in what Carribean location, where he engaged in his “thrifty business”? The slave Tituba also hailed from this place.ANSWER: Barbados10. The burial place of its founding emperor is the site of the terracotta army. For 10 points each:[10] Name this first imperial dynasty of China. Its emperor Shi Huangdi standardized the writing system and weights and measures and oversaw the beginnings of the Great Wall. ANSWER: Qin Dynasty [or Kin; or Ch’in][10] This political philosophy dominated the Qin Dynasty. Developed by Li Si, this system advocated absolute obedience to authority and oversaw the burning of books that did not deal with “useful” subjects such as medicine. ANSWER: Legalism[10] The Qin Dynasty emerged towards the end of this period in Chinese history. The philosopher Mencius preached during this period, which ended with the Chu and Qin as the main powers.ANSWER: Warring States11. Luke Howard was a 19th century scientist best remembered today for creating the nomenclature system for thee objects. For 10 points each:[10] Name these structures studied in nephology. These structures form when air is cooled to its dew point and becomes saturated.ANSWER: clouds[10] These types of clouds are often described as “cotton-like” or “fluffy” in appearance. These clouds often accompany thunderstorm clouds, and may even be precursors to thunderstorms.ANSWER: cumulus [anti-prompt on “cumulonimbus”][10] This term refers to a line of thunderstorms which form along a cold front. These things are depicted by the National Weather Service as an alternating pattern of two red dots and red lines.ANSWER: squall lines [or quasi-linear convective system or QLCS]12. A Washington Post taste test rated this chain’s biscuits towards the bottom in a survey in which tasters claimed its biscuits taste like baking soda. For 10 points each:[10] Name this restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken and biscuits, including Bo-Berry Biscuits.ANSWER: Bojangle’s [10] This chain won the Post’s taste test. This chain serves the Big Breakfast, and its non-breakfast items include the Filet O’ Fish.ANSWER: McDonald’s[10] Third place in the biscuit taste taste went to this chain, which touts its “Louisiana Chicken.” This chain is supposedly named after a character in The French Connection.ANSWER: Popeyes13. Answer the following about the political history of the Iron Chancellor of Germany, Otto von Bismarck, for 10 points each:[10] In the political cartoon “Between Berlin and Rome,” Bismarck is playing chess with the holder of this title. This title is held by the leader of an institution which was the target of Bismarck’s social policy of kulturkampf.ANSWER: the Pope [accept only Pius IX if a specific pope is answered][10] Bismarck was a member of this class of people, the landowning elite of Prussia. This title is derived from a Middle High German word meaning “young lord.”ANSWER: Junker[10] When politician and scientist Rudolf Virchow was challenged to a duel by Bismarck, he agreed on the condition that their weapons would be this food product. Bismarck compared making laws to making this product ANSWER: sausage [or wurst; prompt on pork] 14. This man included a dream sequence at the end of his unfinished epic poem Africa in which Ennius describes a dream in which this poet appears as a renowned poet of the future. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Italian poet who wrote Il Canzoniere and is the namesake of a type of sonnet.ANSWER: Petrarch [or Petrarchan][10] Petrarch’s poem “The Triumph of Chastity” describes this woman taking love prisoner. Also the subject of Petrarch’s “Triumph of Love,” this woman dies a painless death in “The Triumph of Death.” ANSWER: Laura[10] Petrarch’s poem “Ancient Valor is Not Yet Dead in Italic Hearts,” which calls for peace in Italy, concluded the most famous tract by this Italian author of Discourses on Livy. ANSWER: Niccolo Machiavelli15. Some grades of this food product are classified as malossol, and most of it is produced in Russia and Iran. For 10 points each:[10] Name this delicacy derived from the roe of sturgeon. Its varieties include beluga, osetrova, and sevruga.ANSWER: caviar[10] This sea is one of the chief sources of caviar. It is the largest salt lake in the world. Its Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf has the world’s largest deposit of natural sea salts.ANSWER: Caspian Sea[10] This river, which rises in the Valdai Hills, is the largest that flows into the Caspian Sea. The city of Nizhny Novgorod lies at the confluence of this river and the Oka.ANSWER: Volga River16. Name the following about U.S. elections that took place in 2017, for 10 points each:[10] In this state, Phil Murphy beat Lieutenant Governor Kim Guadagno in the gubernatorial election. Murphy will take over for Chris Christie, who is term limited.ANSWER: New Jersey[10] In this state, the Republicans narrowly held on to their majority in the House of Delegates. Terry McAuliffe was the former governor of this state.ANSWER: Virginia[10] A special election for a congressional seat in Georgia was won in June 2017 by Karen Handel. That seat opened after this man left Congress to become the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services. He stepped down in September 2017.ANSWER: Tom Price17. This man, raised in the Church of Ireland, abandoned his faith and then was converted back to Christianity by J.R.R. Tolkien. For 10 points each:[10] Name this theologian and author who is famous for his allegorical children’s books, The Chronicles of Narnia.ANSWER: C. S. Lewis [or Clive Staples Lewis][10] This epistolary novel by Lewis concerns the attempt by a demon named Wormwood to secure the damnation of a man referred to as “The Patient.”ANSWER: The Screwtape Letters[10] This book of apologetics by Lewis was adapted from a series of radio talks that Lewis gave during World War Two. It includes the trilemma of Jesus being either a lunatic, a fraud, or God.ANSWER: Mere Christianity18. He published a book on organs with the controversial eugenicist Alexis Carrel after leaving the United States following the kidnapping of his child. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this aviator who completed a transatlantic flight from New York to Paris in 1927.ANSWER: Charles Lindbergh[10] Charles Lindbergh’s reputation suffered due to his involvement in this organization, which campaigned against U.S. involvement in World War II. This organization disappeared almost overnight following the attack on Pearl Harbor.ANSWER: America First Committee[10] This American industrialist served on America First’s executive committee but was dismissed from it due to his anti-semitic views. He published frequent attacks on the “International Jew” in The Dearborn Independent. ANSWER: Henry Ford19. Rabbi Judah Low Ben Bezulel of Prague created one of these things that was described in a novel by Gustav Meyrink. For 10 points each:[10] Name these things that were viewed in Jewish folklore as perfect servants. Created by placing a word on the head of an effigy, they sometimes caused problems when taking their master’s orders too literally.ANSWER: Golem[10] H. Leivick wrote a play about The Golem in this language. Isaac Bashevis Singer’s Gimpel the Fool is also a work in this language, and Sholem Aleichem’s stories about Tevye the Dairyman were also originally written in this language.ANSWER: Yiddish[10] Isaac Bashevis Singer’s Gimpel the Fool was translated into English by this American novelist. He wrote about a character who smuggles illegal immigrants and works as a Christmas elf, among other jobs, in his novel The Adventures of Augie March. ANSWER: Saul Bellow 20. EAS reactions like the Friedel-Crafts reaction commonly use this molecule as a reactant. For 10 points:[10] Name this cyclic organic molecule with formula C6H6. This molecule is often depicted with a circle inside a hexagon.ANSWER: benzene[10] This term is used to describe a cyclic, planar, conjugated system with 4n+2 pi electrons. Benzene is one example of a molecule with this property.ANSWER: aromaticity [or aromatic][10] This chemist claimed he dreamed of the structure of benzene in a paper he published in 1865. This chemist expanded on Charles Gehrhardt and Alexander Williamson’s work on the type theory of chemical structure.ANSWER: Friedrich August Kekulé ................
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